城市公租房社区生活空间质量研究——以西安市为例

以城市社会生活空间质量观理念为研究框架,运用核密度、缓冲区分析等方法从社区物质环境以及居民对社区感知两个维度对城市公租房社区的生活空间质量进行评价。研究发现：西安市公租房社区空间布局较为偏远,集聚特征明显;除教育资源外,医院、商业以及游憩等资源均处于低可获性状态;社区居民对公租房社区房屋面积、房屋质量、物业管理、社区绿化等方面满意度较低,社区归属感及长期居住意愿不强。西安市公租房社区在社区资源可获性方面存在一定的空间剥夺现象,社区整体生活空间质量水平不高。     

社区建成环境对老年人居住满意度的影响研究——以安徽省合肥市为例

老龄化程度不断加深给区域经济社会发展带来了严峻挑战,如何保障老年人口享有积极与健康的生活质量,提升其幸福感和满意度成为当前的重要研究课题。论文基于问卷抽样调查数据,以合肥市为研究案例地,从主观与客观两个层面入手构建结构方程模型,重点厘清客观建成环境、主观建成环境对老年人居住满意度的影响。研究结果表明：(1)合肥市老年人对社区居住满意程度为比较满意,但不同个体属性的老年人居住满意度具有明显差异,户籍、性别等特征老年人的群体差异最突出,家庭结构对老年人居住满意度的影响不显著。(2)主观建成环境要素对老年人居住满意度具有显著正向影响（路径系数为0.81）,社区治安情况、美观程度、交通通达性与社区娱乐设施等感知特征对居住满意度的影响程度依次递减,但客观建成环境要素总体对老年人居住满意度呈弱负相关性。(3)社区邻里交往对老年人居住满意度具有正向影响,在综合考虑主客观建成环境要素、社会交往等因素后,除性别和户籍、学历和收入外,部分个体特征的影响没有通过显著性检验。     

社区社会资本对居住满意度的影响——基于北京市中低收入社区调查的实证分析

居住满意度是居民对所居住的住房和社区宜居性的综合评价。尽管近年来,中国的城市地理学者开始关注城市重构与居住分异背景对社区邻里关系、社会互动及居民的社区满意度的影响,已有研究对社区社会资本与居住满意度之间因果机制的探讨,缺乏合理的指标构建和实证依据。本文结合城市社会学、地理学和政治学相关理论,构建了一套适合于中国城市转型背景的社区社会资本指标体系,通过对北京市九个中低收入社区的实证研究表明,社区社会资本与居住满意度有显著的正向关系,然而,尽管低收入居民对于邻里信任因素的重视大于对社区组织的信任、邻里互助和共同价值,其在社会资本的几个维度中得分最低。因此,打破社区内的分异与隔阂,建立邻里信任,应当成为社区社会资本建设中首先解决的问题。     

高校单位社区空间的儿童友好性研究

儿童友好型城市建设为单位社区转型提供新思路.本研究获取行为注记及问卷数据,探讨广州市H高校单位社区儿童活动空间特征及社区对儿童活动的影响,结合空间满意度及友好度评价,分析了高校单位社区与儿童活动的互动关系.研究发现:①高校公共活动区为儿童活动集聚地,社区建成环境及社会环境对活动有积极或消极影响;②社区绿化好、安全性高及...     

城市环境供给的游憩者满意度及对重游意愿的影响——基于游客与居民差异的分析

在城市游憩中,到访游客和居民共享城市环境,形成了对城市环境供给的满意度评价。本文在回顾相关研究的基础上,利用武汉旅游市场调查数据进行量化分析,比较了内外部游客对环境供给因素满意度及其对重游意愿的影响。提出了游憩者体验城市环境供给的三个维度,即基础型、吸引型和增益型环境供给;并揭示了两个规律性现象:即到访游客对大部分环境供给的满意度高于居民的满意度;到访游客和居民的重游意愿均受到基础型环境供给因子满意度的影响。基于此,城市主管部门应更重视基础型环境供给的规划、建设与完善。     

主观感知的城市环境对居民健康的影响研究——基于全国60个县市的大样本调查

在“健康中国”战略推进和健康城市建设背景下，关注城市建成环境对公共健康影响的研究日益增加。目前相关研究主要纳入了客观测量的城市环境变量，而主观感知的城市环境变量能够体现出客观测量的城市环境变量难以捕捉的健康影响效应，具体作用有待深入探究。本研究建立了个体、社区和城市三个层面的分析框架，基于中国社会科学院社会发展战略研究院于2016年开展的“社会态度与社会发展状况”全国大样本问卷调研数据，探究主观感知的城市物质环境和服务环境对居民自评健康的影响作用并识别显著影响要素。研究发现：感知的城市环境对居民自评健康具有显著影响，其中居民对城市绿化、基础设施状况、住房保障和医疗服务的感知是影响自评健康较为主要的环境感知因素。最后本研究基于定量分析结果讨论对健康城市评价和研究的启示，推动健康城市的发展。     

城市居民环城游憩满意度评价——以天津为例

文章以城市居民对天津环城游憩带的满意度的为研究对象。首先向天津的旅游界专家发放问卷,构建了旅游资源价值、旅游配套设施、旅游环境感知3个准则层和11个指标因子的满意度评价体系,实现环城游憩带满意度定量评价。再次通过对城市居民的问卷调查,在进行模糊综合分析得到天津市环城游憩带12个行政分区的旅游满意度的综合得分情况,并根据得分结果对12个区进行分级。     

城市老年人户外体力活动时空特征的社区分异——基于GIS、GPS、加速度计的实证研究

城市老年人的户外体力活动的时空特征直接反映了其对城市体育空间的利用情况及闲暇时间的体力活动情况。本文基于2017年南京市老年人GPS活动轨迹和GT3⁺调查的第一手数据，运用MATLAB时空密度趋势面的可视化技术和GIS测度空间面积分析并比较南京市不同社区老年人户外体力活动的时空特征、活动空间形态与面积、体力活动量等，揭示不同社区老年人户外体力活动时空特征的社区分异，为政府相关部门了解城市老年人户外活动规律提供理论依据，为城市规划建设部门改善相应的社区建成环境、促进老年人积极的生活方式提供实践指导。     

北京城市建成环境对居民宜居满意度的影响

基于2013年宜居北京大规模问卷调查数据和北京市基础地理信息数据,探讨了北京市居民宜居满意度的空间特征,并运用多层线性模型进一步分析城市建成环境对居民宜居满意度的影响。研究发现,北京市宜居满意度总体良好,空间分布存在中心高边缘低的特征。城市建成环境对居民宜居满意度存在显著影响。其中,丰富多样的服务设施、适宜的人口密度以及便捷的公共交通能够促进居民宜居满意度提升,而单一的土地利用和邻近商业中心则会降低居民宜居满意度。除此之外,城市建成环境对宜居满意度的影响在空间上存在异质性,同时建成环境对宜居满意度的影响在不同阶层中存在差异性,人口密度和服务设施多样性对中低收入群体的宜居满意度提升明显。     

邻里效应视角下社区交往对生活满意度的影响——基于北京市26个社区居民的多层次路径分析

本文基于2017年北京市居民日常活动与满意度调查数据,运用多层次路径分析方法,以社区及周边环境作为地理背景,探讨邻里环境、社区交往和生活满意度之间的复杂关系.研究发现,在控制个体和家庭社会经济因素后,社区建成环境对生活满意度的直接效应较弱,仅公园可达性显著正相关.然而,建成环境通过社区交往对生活满意度的间接效应显著,尤...     

WHY DO RENTERS STAY IN OR LEAVE CERTAIN NEIGHBORHOODS? THE ROLE OF NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTERISTICS,HOUSING TENURE TRANSITIONS,AND RACE

Given significant variation in population turnover and stability across neighborhoods, this study examines why renters stay in or leave certain neighborhoods. It is the first to analyze how neighborhood characteristics influence renters’ decisions to move within the neighborhood as well as how these decisions are interrelated with their housing tenure transitions and race. Results demonstrate that homeownership rates have a significant, positive association with the probability that renters stay and/or purchase homes in the current neighborhood. Both the tenure composition of the housing stock and higher neighborhood satisfaction appear to be central in understanding this association. Results also suggest that nonblack renters are more likely to leave neighborhoods that experience growth in the percentage of the black population, while blacks are more likely to stay and purchase homes within such neighborhoods.     

Environmental Quality and User Satisfaction in Mass Housing Areas: The Case of Istanbul

In a residence environment, housing and housing groups constitute a fundamental life space to meet the needs of the residents, to satisfy them, and to maintain the overall health of individuals and public. Various needs that appear due to the problems caused by housing and residence environment situated in a physical, psychological and socio-cultural environment together with their surroundings affect resident satisfaction and attitude, while directing the overall individual/family and public health, happiness and welfare. Most researchers argue about and try to determine the residents' needs related to their expectations of and satisfaction in housing and residence environment, within the framework of basic needs of human beings. In this study, in order to assess the factors that improve housing and environmental quality satisfaction, the concepts of housing and its environment, and the subject of housing and environmental quality satisfaction have been investigated; the conceptual model of housing and environmental quality satisfaction has been developed, which takes up the subject of user satisfaction in housing and environment quality as a whole; and the factors to increase the level of satisfaction in housing and environmental quality have been specified. A sum of 400 questionnaire inquiries has been made in planned mass housing areas in the Istanbul Metropolitan Area. Applying factor analysis to the data that have been gathered as a result of questionnaire inquiries, the following factors have been determined according to their order of importance to increase the level of user satisfaction in housing and environmental quality. The findings of this study show that, the elements influencing these factor groups include accessibility to various function areas in the inhabited housing area, environmental features of the housing, satisfaction in the various facilities in the inhabited environment, environmental security, neighbour relationships, and the appearance of the housing environment. A logistic regression model has been made to assess whether there are any differences among the factors influencing housing and environmental quality satisfaction for mass housing users on location choice (central districts and peripheral districts) at the metropolitan level.     

中国大城市保障房社区的邻里效应研究——以广州市保障房周边社区为例

随着我国保障房建设速度的加快,保障房社区将对已有的城市社会空间结构带来深刻影响,其社会效应亟需深入探讨。本文以邻里效应为切入点,基于社区调研数据,采用因子分析、回归分析和质性研究方法,研究广州市保障房社区对周边社区的影响,以及这种影响的形成机制。研究发现,保障房社区并没有为周边社区带来负面的影响,也不存在"贫困同质化"的现象。然而,保障房居民与周边社区居民缺乏人际交往,其社会融合度也比较低。结果表明,提升保障房社区的社会认同度,消除不同社区居民相互间的隔阂,对构建和谐社区具有重要的意义。     

RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY AND NEIGHBORHOOD QUALITY*

ABSTRACT. This paper presents evidence on the factors causing residential mobility within inner-city neighborhoods. A theoretical model is presented which posits that intraurban mobility is a response to housing consumption disequilibrium. Our data and methodology permitted more accurate measurement of disequilibrium than in previous studies, including the disequilibrium arising from neighborhood change. The major conclusion we draw from our results is that households' perceptions of the level of neighborhood quality and its change influence the mobility decisions of both renters and homeowners residing within central cities. Also, in comparison to other measured factors, neighborhood variables were found to be strong mobility predictors regardless of housing tenure. Our results imply that neighborhood improvement policies may succeed in stabilizing inner-city neighborhoods.     

中国城市社区的异质性社会结构与街坊/邻里关系研究

中国城市社区的邻里交往自从住房市场化以来一直处于较低水平,本文从个体、家庭和社区三方面分析促进街坊/邻里关系水平的因素。研究发现,高度异质性社区中的街邻关系水平低于低度异质性社区,具有普遍性的异质性负效应,在社区层次对街坊/邻里关系水平发挥选择性削弱作用。不同异质性社会结构的城市社区中,家庭纽带提供的情感和切实的支持对家庭成员的街邻融合有积极的作用。居民社团活动参与率在不同异质性类型社区中能有效提高街邻关系水平,表现出并存的正效应。社区组织举办的活动频率能促进街邻关系水平的前提是居民能成为参与者。街邻关系水平较低的群体,动员性的活动参与可以提高其街邻关系水平。     

External validity of hedonic price estimates: Heterogeneity in the price discount associated with having Black and Hispanic neighbors

We examined the hedonic price of neighborhood racial composition across a sample of 180 US housing markets and compared heterogeneity in results. Statistically significant estimated price elasticities calculated at the mean ranged from ?0.61 to 0.2 and ?0.26 to 0.21, for increases in Black and Hispanic neighborhood proportion, respectively. Hedonic price discounts for Black neighborhoods were greater when land supply was more inelastic, when the land value share of the housing cost was greater, and in the southern portion of the United States. Hedonic price discounts associated with Hispanic neighborhoods exhibited no patterns relative to geography or housing supply factors.     

Racial rent differences in U.S. housing markets: Evidence from the housing voucher program

This paper exploits an unusually rich data set to estimate racial differences in the rents paid for identical housing in the same neighborhood in U.S. housing markets and to show how they vary with neighborhood racial composition. Results suggest that black households pay more for identical housing in identical neighborhoods than their white counterparts and that this rent gap increases with the fraction of the neighborhood white. In neighborhoods with the smallest fraction white, the premium is about 0.6%. In neighborhoods with the largest fraction white, it is about 2.4%. This pattern holds across different types of areas.     

古城西安住宅消费市场满意度重要性与差异性分析

本文以古城西安为例,在第一手调查资料的基础上,构建了住宅市场消费满意评价模型,采用消费者指标选择累积统计的方法,构建了重要性与满意差异模型,进行了重要性与满意差异分析。研究结果显示:评价项目中,住房价格与中观小区空间因素满意评价较低;满意且重要区域主要集中于宏观区域因素;重要不满意区域,价格因素主导突出。