New data on Bronze Age jewelry in the Southeastern Urals

New finds relating to the jewelry of the Alakul people are described. The analysis of molds indicates a much greater variation of ornaments compared to that implied by funerary items. The technology of jewelry is reconstructed. Personal adornments may have been made not only of bronze but of precious metals as well.     

Ceramics of the Ulakhan-Segelennyakh Culture,Early Bronze Age,Yakutia

The principal diagnostic feature of the Bronze Age (2nd millennium BC) Ulakhan-Segelennyakh culture of southern, southwestern, and western Yakutia, which was first described by the present author, is pottery decorated with punched nodes in combination with dentate impressions and stamp imprints. This type of pottery differs from Ust-Mil pottery and resembles both ancestral Ymyiakhtakh ceramics and ceramics made by immigrants. The Ulakhan-Segelennyakh culture did not spread across all Yakutia, but occupied vast taiga regions in the basins of the Aldan, Olekma, Vilyui, and Middle Lena. Most immigrants were descendants of the Glazkovo people, and entered Yakutia along the upper reaches of these rivers.     

图们江流域的青铜时代文化研究

图们江发源于白头山的东麓,由南向北蜿蜒穿流于长白山和咸镜山脉之间,自图们市开始东折,最后注人日本海。沿途的主要支流有海兰江、布尔哈通河、嘎呀河、挥春河等。该水系之北为绥芬河流域,以西     

Modeling Expansive Phenomena in Early Complex Societies: the Transition from Bronze Iron Age in Prehistoric Europe

The Bronze Age/Iron Age transition in Prehistoric Europe represents a perfect case study to test different and competing hypotheses of social dynamics and economic change in small-scale societies. The paper discusses the possibilities of modeling what could have happened in Europe between 1800 and 800 bc, in terms of spatiotemporal dynamics. The paper presents some theoretical aspects of the dynamic study of expansive phenomena and gives an overview of a computer model programmed to explain the way new burial forms expanded in Europe. The main idea is comparing classic demic diffusion models (spread of population), cultural transmission models (spread of ideas), and technological innovation diffusion model (spread of goods). We will present the fundamentals of a preliminary study towards the computational simulation of such hypothetical social mechanisms, using a dataset composed of more than 1,500 georeferenced and radiocarbon dated archaeological contexts of a period between the Early Bronze Age and the first Iron Age (1800–800 bc) from an area including the North-East of Iberian Peninsula, Southern France, Northern and Central Italy, Switzerland, Austria, and Southern Germany.     

中国北方青铜盾饰研究

黄河以北至长城中部地带出土了一些属青铜时代的大型铜牌、铜泡,多为圆形,直径达10～20余厘米不等,边缘置小孔,少数为其它几何形制或人面、兽面者。以往有学者认为此类器用作饰牌、护牌,或为胸甲、背甲,甚至胄之前身,意见不一。一些西周墓葬中所出大圆泡则可确认为盾饰,本文拟以此为线索,对此类器的命名、用途、类型等试作研究。一、命名与用途河南浚县辛村西周墓中出土的大铜泡,凹面铭“卫”(图一,1)①,《礼记·郊特牲》:“朱干设锡,冕而舞大武”。干,盾也;锡,傅其背如龟也。或指盾锡,为附于盾上之物。房山琉璃河西周燕国墓地亦出土了此类…     

Panlongcheng,Zhengzhou and the Movement of Metal in Early Bronze Age China

Journal of World Prehistory - The role of Panlongcheng—a walled settlement on the Yangtze River with obvious links to the Erligang capital at Zhengzhou, ~?500 km to the...     

从殷墟出土铜铙看南方铜铙的年代

铜铙在我国南方地区发现较多,类型也很复杂。关于南方铜铙的年代,最早的一般断为商代,晚的为西周,也有一律断为春秋者。笔者认     

Bronze Age Textiles from the North Caucasus: New Evidence of Fourth Millennium BC Fibres and Fabrics

Summary.   Textiles from the North Caucasus Majkop culture (3700–3200 cal BC) site of Novosvobodnaya were selected for a programme of examination. Wool, flax and cotton-like plant-fibre threads were identified. This is the oldest example of wool so far identified in the archaeological record. Weaving techniques employed in making the textiles included the use of tablets or discs, and a simple frame. In addition, two dyeing techniques using tannin dyes have been determined.     

云南青铜文化的区系类型研究

云南青铜文化是一个具有独特特性的地域文化,它是构成中华灿烂青铜文明的一部份。其依区域而呈现各具特色的文化面貌:以环滇池地区的青铜文化构成滇类型;以洱海周遭地区的青铜文化构成洱海类型;以滇西边地的青铜文化构成滇边类型;以滇南红河流域的青铜文化构成的红河类型。云南青铜文化的区系类型表明,其青铜文明渊源有自,是在本地独立发展起来的,同时在发展过程中,受到周邻四川、广西等地青铜文化的强烈影响,并对越南北部青铜文化产生了重大影响。     

中国近代文化史研究的新收获--《中国近代文化概论》评述

自 2 0世纪 80年代以来 ,关于中国近代文化的研究逐渐成为我国学界的热门课题 ,论述近代文化的著作也屡见不鲜。龚书铎教授主编的《中国近代文化概论》 (中华书局 1 997年 9月第 1版 ,以下简称《概论》)就是学界在这方面研究的一个可喜的收获。全书分 1 4章 ,论述了鸦片战争至五四运动的近 80年间中国近代文化的发展历程及一系列重要的问题。与同类著作相比 ,《概论》一书具有自己独特的风格和面貌。一、系统阐述关于中国近代文化的基本理论问题研究文化 ,首先遇到的问题是关于“文化”一词的概念问题。中外学界关于“文化”的定义不下二三…     

龙山时代日照地区饮食文化蠡测

龙山文化是探讨中华文明重要的考古学文化之一,日照地区的龙山时代对于研究早期国家的起源极具代表意义,研究其发达的农业文明所衍生的饮食文化,可以对早期国家如何形成的探索进行重要补充。通过已知的考古调查、发掘和研究成果,结合民族学资料,本文对龙山时代日照地区的主食、副食、烹饪和进食方式进行了探讨,认为日照地区龙山时代的饮食文...     

清代西北地区盐政考议

本文对清代在西北所推行的食盐政策进行了探讨,认为清代在西北盐政问题上采取了求实的态度,将盐政与民族关系、边疆安宁以及社会发展水平结合考虑,采用了因地、因时制宜的方针,比较好地适应了西北的社会发展状况,对稳定西北边疆起到了积极的作用。     

文化生态学:风筝文化研究的新视角

风筝是一种集设计、造型、扎糊、绘画、放飞于一体的并具有观赏价值、社会娱乐和健身作用的反映民俗生活和民间审美情趣的民艺物品,它起源于中国,已有两千多年的历史。由于风筝属于民间文化、俗文化、下层文化的范畴,在古代中国数千年的发展中,长期被视为乳齿小儿的戏耍物品,登不得大雅之堂。20世纪70年代末80年代初,随着中国对外开放的不断深入和经济全球化趋势的不断加强,风筝     

Marine Creatures and the Sea in Bronze Age Greece: Ambiguities of Meaning

Like most cultures, prehistoric Greek communities had an ambiguous relationship with the sea and the creatures that inhabit it. Positive and negative associations always co-existed, though the particular manifestations changed over time. By drawing together evidence of consumption of marine animals, seafaring, fishing, and iconography, this article unites disparate strands of evidence in an attempt to illuminate the relationship prehistoric Greeks had with marine creatures and the sea. Based on the marked reduction in seafood consumption after the Mesolithic and the use of marine creatures in funerary iconography in the post-palatial period, it becomes apparent that the sea—then as now—is an inherently ambiguous medium that captures both positive and negative emotions. On the one hand, the sea and the animals residing in it are strongly associated with death. On the other hand, the sea’s positive dimensions, such as fertility and rebirth, are expressed in conspicuous marine consumption events.     

Characterization and textural analysis of Middle Bronze Age Transdanubian inlaid wares of the Encrusted Pottery Culture,Hungary: a preliminary study

Inlaid ceramics belonging to the Encrusted Pottery Culture and dated to the Middle Bronze Age (2000–1500 BC) are highly distinctive vessels with complex decorative motifs found in large numbers in the Transdanubia region of Hungary. Despite this considerable corpus of material there has been little systematic investigation of the composition of the inlays. Micro-analysis of Transdanubian inlaid wares by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides new compositional, structural and textural information on the inlays. In contrast to common statements in the literature regarding the materials used to make inlays, these new data show that the majority of inlays are composed of hydroxyapatite (bone) that was previously ashed, although some of the inlays are composed of calcium carbonate. Additional compositional and textural variation in the bone inlays suggests that bone material from different skeletal elements and/or of different age may have been used, and that contrasting recipes for inlay preparation were employed during fabrication. These results suggest that the production of inlaid vessels of the Encrusted Pottery Culture was more complex than has hitherto been thought.     

成物祈求或技术控制——青铜时代铸铜祭祀功能再析

在中国青铜时代的王都、诸侯国的都城遗址或区域中心,有大量的铸铜祭祀遗存被发现。以往对铸铜祭祀的功能分析多是基于后世文献的相关记载,认为"女性投炉"是确保铸铜能够顺利进行的一种成物祈求。然而从仪式化生产的角度来看,这一时期铸铜祭祀的成物祈求作用并不突出,铸铜祭祀本身可能和铸铜技术一样,作为重要的知识体系为统治阶层所掌控,成为其权力控制的一种方式。