FORTY FRENCH TOWNS: AN ESSAY ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE EVALUATION AND HISTORICAL AIMS

Summary. A preliminary review of forty French towns suggests that the survival of archaeological evidence in urban sites is due to a combination of physical factors, many of which can be known before an excavation campaign begins. The distribution of surviving archaeological strata proves to be uneven, both in time and space; neither is it generally coincident with the riches of the written record. A new approach to national research-policies is offered, where archaeological site-evaluation plays a major role and the bias inherent in the differential survival of archaeological and documentary data is explicitly stated. Some compensation for the inadequate record left to us may be achieved by redefining the range of objectives accessible to archaeological investigation in towns.     

充满文艺范儿的行摄地

<正>有这样一群人,他们喜欢读文学作品,喜欢看文艺电影,喜欢收藏一些看起来挺文艺的东西,在这些人中,也有很多人喜欢摄影,喜欢玩LOMO。什么是"LOMO"?就是"Let Our lives be Magic and Open",翻译过来就是"让我们的生活开放、有魔力"。这是一种新的摄影取向,Lomographic Society一直都在寻找自然的、即兴的美学。不要想,只管拍!拿起相机,去寻找那些充满文艺范儿的行摄地……     

A NOT SO PERFECT PEACE: A HISTORY OF CONFLICT ON IFALUK

Many accounts of the Caroline Islands have called the people in them non-violent. This paper uses early ethnographies, more recent ethnohistories, and new recollections on the part of the people of Ifaluk to reconstruct the extent of conflict on Caroline Islands and between them. Culture on Ifaluk in precontact times, and even in recent times, was violent in many respects. The evidence presented here contradicts several earlier arguments, among them: that the balance in the tribute relationship with Yap favoured outer islanders; that the balance in the tribute relationship between Ifaluk chiefs and commoners favoured commoners; and that sorcery and aggression were rare or absent on Ifaluk. Legends of wars between Ifaluk and other islands are also retold.     

AN ESSAY BY DAVID THELEN: HISTORY MAKING IN AMERICA

Born in 1939 in Berkeley, California, Thelen received his B.A. from Antioch College and his master's and doctoral degrees in U.S. history from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, during the 1960s. In 1985, he moved to Indiana University, Bloomington, in order to become editor of The Journal of American History, published by the Organization of American Historians. Besides being an innovative and imaginative editor, Thelen has been actively involved with the Committee on History-Making in America and its new center that opened at Indiana University in September 1990. Anyone interested in this project is invited to write to Lois Silverman, Director, Center on History-Making in America, Indiana University, 203 Education Building, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405.     

A HYBRID APPROACH TO CREATE AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL VISUALIZATION SYSTEM FOR A PALAEOLITHIC CAVE

This paper presents a visualization system based on metric data to manage and disseminate archaeological information on the Internet. We describe the integration of two different types of sensors: laser scanning and close‐range photogrammetry. How we created an automatic and hierarchical approach based on processing and matching the images coming from a digital camera and a terrestrial laser scanner is also shown. This development has created a visualization system combining spherical photographs and georeferences for graphical and numerical data acquired by the sensors. The case study where we have applied this method is the Palaeolithic rock art of the Llonín Cave (Asturias, Spain), which has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO and has restricted public access. Our results demonstrate that this tool integrates data, metadata, services and information, which simplifies the location, identification, selection and management of archaeological information.     

IMAGINATION AS A CATEGORY OF HISTORY: AN ESSAY CONCERNING KOSELLECK'S CONCEPTS OF ERFAHRUNGSRAUM AND ERWARTUNGSHORIZONT

Reinhart Koselleck is an important thinker in part for his attempt to interpret the cultural changes resulting in our modern cultural outlook in terms of the (meta)historical categories of experience and expectation. In so doing he tried to pay equal attention to the static and the changing in history. This article argues that Koselleck's use of “experience” and “expectation” confuses their metahistorical and historical meaning, with the result that his account fails to do justice to the static, to continuity in history, and mischaracterizes what is distinctive of the modern era. As well as reconfiguring the categories of experience and expectation, this essay also introduces a third category, namely, imagination, in between experience and expectation. This is done to render intelligible what is obscure in Koselleck's account, and as a stimulus to a study of history that divides its attention equally between the static and the changing. In fact, it is argued that the category of imagination is pre‐eminently the category of history, on the concrete historical as well as the metahistorical level.     

DIRECTIONS FOR DIVERSIFICATION WITH AN APPLICATION TO SASKATCHEWAN*

ABSTRACT. Traditional models of regional diversification do not capture the trade-off between stability and living standards. In this paper, we characterize regions as open activity models subjected to both productivity and price shocks. We then partially rank small diversification policies by the direction in which they point away from the current industrial structure in mean-variance space. Some general patterns emerge. In particular, diversification for regional self-sufficiency and away from regional comparative advantage may be undesirable.