The Tale of Tea and Salt

ＴｈｅＴａｌｅｏｆＴｅａａｎｄＳａｌｔ￥／／Ｉｎａｎｃｉｅｎｔｔｉｍｅｓ,ｔｈｅＸａａｎｄＮｕｔｒｉｂｅｓｍａｄｅｔｈｅｉｒｈｏｍｅｓｏｎｔｈｅｏｐｐｏｓｉｔｅｂａｎｋｓｏｆａｒｉｖｅｒ,ｌｉｎｋｅｄｏｈｌｙｂｙａｓｕｓｐｅｎｓｉｏｎｂｒｉｄｇｅ．Ｔ...     

Specialized Salt Production During the Ancient Maya Classic Period at Two Paynes Creek Salt Works,Belize: Chan b’i and Atz’aam Na

Underwater excavations at the Classic period (a.d. 300–900) ancient Maya salt works of Chan b’i and Atz’aam Na in Paynes Creek National Park, Belize, reveal activity areas associated with a substantial salt industry for distribution to nearby southern Maya inland sites where this biological requirement was scarce. Wooden architecture and salt making artifacts are abundantly preserved in a peat bog composed of red mangrove. Excavations, screening, and analysis of recovered material at the submerged underwater sites reveal that the artifacts are overwhelmingly briquetage: pottery vessels used to evaporate salty water by heating over fires to make salt. The spatial distribution of briquetage in relation to the interior and exterior of buildings reveals that salt production was occurring indoors. The plethora of briquetage and the scarcity of domestic artifacts indicate that the sites were specialized salt works and not physically attached to households.     

Microclimate and Salt Crystallization in the Crypt of Lecce’s Duomo

Ancient masonry structures are often damaged by soluble salt crystallization, which is activated by even small microclimatic variations. Unsuitable environmental conditions can accelerate this process, affecting the type and the quantity of salts and the consequent damage to the masonry. Therefore the importance of monitoring salt diffusion to control salt crystallization and microclimate over time is widely recognized. This study proposes an integrated monitoring methodology to obtain information on the relationship between salt efflorescence and microclimate in the Crypt of the Duomo of Lecce (South Italy). By combining ion chromatography, powder X-ray diffraction analysis, and Raman microscopy with environmental monitoring and deterioration maps, salt components were identified and efflorescence diffusion on masonry was monitored over time. Due to this approach, a possible explanation for the process is finally given.     

TIBET＇S LAST CARAVAN Charged with Transpoffing Salt （Ⅱ）

After a gap of four days, we came across the caravan again. We picked an optimal point and took a picture of the marching caravan with the snow-capped mountain as its backdrop.     

Salt Springs Exploitation Study in Franche-Comté (France): Contribution of Charcoal

This study consists of an analysis of charcoal accumulations resulting from the exploitation of salt springs in Franche-Comté. The aim is to mark transformations in the vegetation cover and evaluate the human impact on the forest. Three main phases illustrate forest changes. The first evidences Quercus (deciduous oak) and/or Fagus exploitation which depends on altitude. The second shows development of Fagus exploitation and the last consists of aQuercus-Carpinus one in plains and foot hills. An extension of the acquisition area, due to progressive depletion of forest mass may be at the origin of these results.     

Tibets Last Caravan Charged With Transporting Salt （V）：SETTING OUT FROM THE SALT LAKE

After finishing gathering salt, the next step was to carry it home. Because the salt-carrying cattle had been tied up the prevrous day, the caravan should by rights have set out well before dawn according to habit, Director Tan asked Galsang Wangdui to delay the departure until daylight so as to provide a filming oppertunity.     

With Transporting Salt(V) TIBET'S LAST CAR AVAN——SETTING OUT FROM THE SALT LAKE

After finishing gathering salt, the next step was to carry it home. Because the salt-carrying cattle had been tied up the previous day, the caravan should by rights have set out well before dawn according to habit, Director Tan asked Galsang Wangdui to delay the departure until daylight so as to provide a filming opportunity. The saltmen, of course, were not happy because it not only threw out their schedule but also made it hard for the cattle to get sufficient nourishment; Nevertheless, Ga…     

Can a preservationist ideology halt the process of creative destruction? Evidence from Salt Spring Island,British Columbia

For more than 50 years, rural municipalities across the developed world have struggled to redefine themselves in the face of declining primary sector employment. In some places, this struggle has led to the creation of landscapes that provide heritage‐seekers with tangible commodities and intangible experiences reflecting a by‐gone past. Recent research suggests that these post‐productivist heritage‐scapes may evolve into leisure‐scapes of mass consumption, if profit or economic growth are the key motives underlying development ( Mitchell and Vanderwerf 2010 ). This article questions whether a dominant ideology of preservation can prevent this scenario. We studied Salt Spring Island, British Columbia: (i) to determine if the island displays the characteristics of a heritage‐scape, (ii) to discover if a preservationist ideology has contributed to its current state, and (iii) to ponder if this state can be maintained, in light of recent regional and provincial discourse. Our analysis reveals that the creation, and maintenance, of this heritage‐scape has been guided largely by public discourse underlain by a preservationist ideology. This prolonged state, however, may be drawing to an end. Recent provincial directives to double tourist revenues suggest that local (and regional) discourse soon may be overshadowed by the province's mandate to promote economic growth. The response of local stakeholders will ultimately dictate the Island's ability to maintain its present state as a post‐productivist heritage‐scape.     

TIBET‘S LAST CARAVAN CHARGED WITH TRANSPORTING SALT(Ⅶ):Barter Trade between Food Grains and Salt

By setting out for saline lakes in spring, Tibetan caravans on horseback return to farmlands in autumn to barter salt for agricultural products.     

The Influence of Building Attributes on Residents' ‘Images of the Past’ in the Architecture of Salt City,Jordan

This paper presents an empirical study conducted in a small traditional city, Salt, Jordan. An investigation was made to examine residents' ‘images of the past’. The objective was to identify building attributes that influence these residents' images. A survey research design using multiple sorting tasks with open‐ended questions was used to identify these building attributes. The images were elicited through the observation of coloured photographs of a sample of older buildings in the city centre. Images of the past were examined within three content areas: knowledge of the past; date of construction; and character of the past of Salt City. The building attributes investigated were: contour, size, shape, surface quality, signage, visibility, use, and significance. The results of the study suggest that older buildings in the centre of the city evoked similar images of the past focused on public or social buildings along with residential settlement building. Attributes relating to images of the past were original use, date of construction, historic signage, and historic integrity. This study presents an approach for operationalising an image of the past.     

Water and Salt (III): An Analysis and New Translation of the Yājñavalkya-Maitreyī Dialogue

Indo-Iranian Journal -     

Tibet＇s Last Caravan Charged with Transporting Salt （Ⅵ） ——Last Reunion Supper and Kitchen God in Legend

After resting overnight in Banggo County, we were completely refreshed.     

Water and Salt (II): 'Material' Causality and Hylozoic Thought in the Yājñavalkya-Maitreyī Dialogue?

Indo-Iranian Journal -     

Water and Salt (I): Yājñavalkya's Saindhava Drstānta (BĀU II 4,12)

Indo-Iranian Journal -     

Urban Regeneration/Heritage Tourism Endeavours: The Case of Salt,Jordan ‘Local Actors,International Donors,and the State’

The paper explores some of the key developments in maritime heritage in Britain in recent years and reflects upon the changes that have taken place, particularly in the ways in which maritime history has been defined. It examines some of the work of major heritage theorists and the relevance of their ideas for the expansion and ‘reinvention’ of maritime heritage. In particular, it seeks to evaluate the significance of perceived shifts towards a more accessible and nostalgic form of cultural representation. For maritime heritage, it is suggested that this approach may pose difficulties in that it can serve to promote a romanticised and sometimes uncritical perspective of British associations with the sea.     

Salt mining tools and techniques from Duzdaği (Nakhchivan,Azerbaijan) in the 5th to 3rd millennium B.C.

The emergence of mining reflects profound changes in the organization of late prehistoric societies. In terms of lithic and ore mining, salt is a highly strategic mineral resource which was exploited for its dietary and healing properties. The exceptional prehistoric salt mine of Duzda?i (Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan) is located in a high salt-bearing region centered on the Aras River in the Lesser Caucasus. Field survey, spatial recording of archaeological materials and use-wear analysis of macrolithic tools have allowed us to outline the mining operations and techniques there from the Chalcolithic period onwards. We have identified workshops for the manufacture and repair of tools, as well as salt extraction and processing areas.