中国史前防御设施纵谈

中国史前防御设施纵谈马雨林随着史前遗址的不断发现,近几年来,史前聚落考古的研究获得了很大进展,这就为探讨史前聚落的一种特殊形式———防御聚落,提供了必要的条件,笔者在此想谈谈自己的一点看法。一史前聚落防御设施的产生,既是人们在长期生产活动中受周围环境...     

香港史前遗址

扒头鼓史前聚落遗址考古发掘新闻发＊:a。波照片由巩后日q拎扒头鼓遗址考发掘现场。a芒遗址发掘香港史前遗址     

尉迟寺史前聚落遗存的微观考察与研究

20世纪80年代末,随着黄淮地区考古学大课题的确立[1],随着安徽淮北地区新石器时代遗址的考古调查[2],随着蒙城尉迟寺史前聚落遗址连续13次的发掘[3],黄淮地区的史前考古研究也随之活跃起来。同时,根据尉迟寺遗址的史前建筑资料,又把聚落考古的研究推到了一个崭新的阶段。20世纪     

湖南澧县梦溪八十垱新石器时代早期遗址发掘简报

在本期的“史前城址与聚落考古”栏目中,刊布了《湖南澧县梦溪八十垱新石器时期早期遗址发掘简报》,该遗址时代距今7540～7100年。遗址周围有围沟和围墙,说明早在7500年前我国长江中游就出现了有沟有墙的原始聚落。     

西辽河流域史前聚落空间分布及历时性变化探析

西辽河流域史前聚落遗址多位于河流北侧、西北侧背风向阳、面向河流的坡岗或山坡上;从兴隆洼文化开始,史前聚落的数量和密度逐步增长,聚落规模逐渐扩大,聚落使用时间越来越长;居住址、祭祀址和环壕显示了聚落功能的变化趋势。西辽河流域史前聚落选址及聚落诸多方面的历时性变化与多种因素相关联,其中自然环境及其变迁起着重要作用。     

甘肃秦安大地湾遗址保护规划

大地湾遗址位于甘肃秦安县境内,属渭河支流葫芦河流域。是中国新石器时代黄河流域最重要的史前聚落遗址之一,中国文明起源史上的重要聚落遗存。该遗址对研究中国黄河流域新石器时代文明的产生、发展的     

大洪山南麓史前聚落调查——以石家河为中心

大洪山南麓发现的史前遗存不仅数量多、保存好,而且价值高、影响大,是国内外学界广泛关注的探讨中华文明进程的重要热点区域之一.2008年,通过大洪山南麓以石家河为中心的区域进行的系统调查显示,在约150平方公里的区域内集中分布73处史前遗址,我们选择文化堆积单纯的遗址作为基本参数分析聚落规模级差,进一步丰富了我们对于该区域聚落形成发展及变化的认识,并借此加深对大洪山南麓以石家河为中心的史前聚落的数量、规模、年代、文化内涵、分布及其关系等方面的认识,提供分析以石家河古城为核心的聚落形成与发展过程的基础性资料,进而推动该区域文明进程的研究.     

安徽寿县卫田遗址龙山文化遗存发掘简报

卫田遗址地处淮河中游南岸,是一处新石器时代至商周时期的聚落遗址。2018年10月至2019年1月,山东大学考古学系对该遗址进行发掘,发现了一批新石器时代、周代、汉代、宋代及明清等时期的遗存,其中以新石器时代末期遗存最为丰富,发现壕沟、房址、灰坑、灰沟等遗迹。该遗址丰富了淮河中游南岸龙山文化早期的聚落资料,对推动该地区史前文化发展和聚落形态等研究具有积极意义。     

卷首语

送走了飞雪的冬季,我们又相约在明媚的春天。在我国黄淮地区,有一个著名的考古发现,这就是尉迟寺史前聚落遗址。它既是大汶口文化研究的重大突破,也是史前聚落考古的重大突破。中国社科院考古所王吉怀先生长期的研究说明,建筑作为社会发展到一定时期的产物,作为一种历史现象,在     

大青山南麓石城聚落初步研究

在内蒙古中南部和东南部发现的数百处史前遗址中,外围建筑石筑围墙的遗址占有相当大的比例,这种石城聚落的广泛存在引起了考古学界的广泛关注。探讨这些极具地域特征的史前聚落遗址对于研究当时社会发展状况、文化谱系和文化传播途径具有积极意义。     

水与城:成都平原史前聚落形态研究综述

为了探索正在急剧消失的成都平原"林盘"聚落形态与史前聚落的关系,本文借由聚落考古与环境考古,比较集中地综览了平原上史前各聚落城址之间的历时性共性,对史前城址聚落群与成都平原的地貌、水系、文化习尚、宗教信仰等关系的研究,以及各聚落城址的内部特征予以研究述评,以求探究成都平原上这种"林盘"聚落形态与史前聚落城址及水的关系。     

Urban Settlement Systems and Rural Sustaining Communities: An Example from Chan Chan's Hinterland

Abstract

The study of prehistoric cities has often been marked by research strategies that focus completely on urban centers and thus preclude the delineation of entire settlement systems by ignoring the interrelationships between cities and their rural sustaining communities. A major focus of recent research in the Moche Valley on the Peruvian North Coast has been on elucidating the nature of urbanrural relations between the prehistoric Chimú city of Chan Chan and contemporaneous sites located in its hinterland. Excavation at the village of Cerro la Virgen together with additional evidence obtained from other sites in Chan Chan's rural sustaining area has provided insights into Chimú lifeways in nonmetropolitan areas, as well as evidence suggesting a multifaceted plan for organizing lands outside the civic center of Chan Chan. The archaeological data indicate that an important aspect of the organization of rural argicultural zones was the restriction of settlement to villages circumscribed by the Chimú state.     

Using multivariate statistics and fuzzy logic system to analyse settlement preferences in lowland areas of the temperate zone: an example from the Polish Lowlands

The influence of relief, as well as other environmental features such as soils or the hydrological regime, on prehistoric settlement patterns is commonly accepted. Settlement patterns and preferences changed over time in different areas, so it is difficult to formulate general rules of human behaviour throughout history. In lowland areas of the temperate zone, which lack radical relief changes and have widespread access to water resources, specific settlement preferences and significant changes in these preferences are difficult to interpret.New methods developed to address the problem of the settlement transformations as a result of prehistoric settlement and economic processes using multivariate statistics have been adapted for the middle part of the Great Poland Lowland. In this region, data from the Polish Archaeological Record Project database have been used.Models of the dependence between geomorphological features and settlement intensity form the basis for estimating changes in prehistoric settlements. The degree of preference (or avoidance) is a nonparametric function of the number of archaeological sites observed in the area relative to the number of sites expected from a completely random pattern. The most crucial factors for settlement are distance to plateau edges, distance to water bodies, and the wetness index. The results show that the entire investigated area is more or less suitable for settlement, but the most occupied terrains are the areas near plateau edges.     

Understanding Abandonments in the North American Southwest

The North American Southwest is renowned for its rich archaeological record. Thousands of prehistoric houses and ceremonial centers remain partially standing or form mounds that mark prehistoric villages that were once actively occupied and remain important to the descendants. The visibility of archaeological remains has sparked interest in questions of abandonment among archaeologists and the lay public. We explore reasons for this interest, how it is manifest in archaeological research, and how perception of that research influences popular views of the past and of native people. Our focus is on explanations for the causes of site and regional abandonment as well as on explications of the processes by which abandonments occur. Essential to our perspective is the view that abandonment is a process that involves decisions to move, which may be promoted by dire circumstances, but which are most often settlement strategies. The process of moving requires economic, social, and political decisions about the places from which people move and to which they move.     

Subsistence change,landscape use,and changing site elevation at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition in the Dordogne of southwestern France

The dramatic topography of the Dordogne Valley region of southwestern France has long been recognized as an influence on prehistoric human settlement and subsistence patterns. Previous research on late Pleistocene settlement patterns in this region implies that, as cold-adapted higher-ranked resources became scarce in the lowlands, site location in the Dordogne and adjacent river valleys should shift towards higher-elevation areas during the period from 18,000 to 6500 years BP. This study employs a GIS-based analysis to evaluate the changing settlement patterns in the Dordogne region at this time. While no significant changes in elevation were found during this period, site elevation variance does appear to increase significantly between the Magdalenian and the Sauveterrian. Explanations for this finding are explored using zooarchaeological data from Moulin du Roc, one of the sites in the data set. Results suggest that the Magdalenian period in the Dordogne may not have been as resource-rich as is often assumed.     

The meaning of sedentism and mobility in an archaeological and historic context

Sedentism is a commonly used concept in settlement pattern analysis. In a recent review of this concept Rafferty (1985) found “sedentary” to be related to both settlement permanence and site size. Both space and time are fundamental aspects of sedentism. While maintaining permanence as a central factor, this paper discusses further aspects of sedentism primarily in relation to the use and meaning of space. A case study based on archaeological and historical materials on Sami and Norwegian settlements in arctic Norway is used as an illustration. In arctic Norway prehistoric maritime settlements have often been interpreted as being either transhumant or sedentary. The prehistoric case of sedentism is then viewed in relation to the historically known differences in settlement permanence in space and time for Norwegian and Sami populations in the same area of arctic Norway. It is proposed that models of sedentism should not only be based on ecological, economic, and adaptational considerations but should also include the importance of the meaning of place in the relationship between human populations and landscape.     

Defensibility of large prehistoric sites in the Mid-Fraser region on the Canadian Plateau

Based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis, this paper assesses the defensibility of winter village sites in the Mid-Fraser region on the Canadian Plateau during the Late Prehistoric Period (ca. 3500–200 B.P.), particularly the Plateau and Kamloops Horizons (ca. 2400–200 B.P.). Although there is variability in prehistoric village locations in terms of defensibility, highly defensible prehistoric sites in the Mid-Fraser region are concentrated in two localities. The high defensive values of these village sites indicate that the threat of intergroup conflict had a significant impact on choice of settlement location. The approach used in this paper demonstrates the importance of past defensive considerations in the decision making processes pertaining to settlement locations. As conflict is a common feature of many cultures and time periods throughout the world, this approach has potential applications to other defensive sites globally.     

Iron production in scandinavian archaeology

Several sites of the historic and prehistoric periods exist at the vicarage of Borg on Vestvåg?y, North Norway. The settlement site Borg I, which is at present being investigated within the framework of a Scandinavian research project, is believed to be a Late Iron Age chieftain's residence.     

Geoarchaeology and Archaeological Site Patterning on the Middle Gila River,Arizona

Abstract

Archaeological surveys and prehistoric settlement patterns are best interpreted when placed on a geomorphic map that defines the distribution and age of physical landforms. Survey data can thus be used to address questions of archaeological site visibility and synchronic and diachronic site patterning on the Gila River Indian Reservation, Arizona. A chronological series of alluvial and eolian landforms are defined on the reservation. The age of the landforms and underlying sediments has affected the preservation and visibility of the archaeological record. Further, late prehistoric Hohokam settlements (A.D. 700–1500) and their associated agricultural lands show a clear landform zonation and that the intensity of use of these landforms has changed over time.     

内蒙古科左中旗哈民忙哈新石器时代遗址2011年的发掘

对哈民忙哈遗址进行的第二次发掘共清理出房址29座、灰坑10座、墓葬3座以及环壕1条,出土陶器、石器、骨角蚌器、玉器等1000余件。此次发掘,发现了房屋木质结构痕迹,这是我国第一次发现并清理出史前时期的房顶梁架结构。房址内发现众多的人骨遗骸也是史前时期考古中所罕见。