The Dissemination and Transformation of Han Chinese-style Sudhana or Chinese-Style Children in Tibetan Buddhist Art during the Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty was one of the important periods of cultural exchange and amalgamation between Han Chinese and Tibetans.Along with the governance of Tibet and other Tibetan areas by the Central Government of the Ming Dynasty,Tibetan culture represented by Buddhism and its art was disseminated in the interior of China,primarily in Nanjing city and Beijing city,the capital of the Ming dynasty.At the same time,Chinese culture represented by Chinese Buddhism and its art was also introduced into Tibet and other Tibetan areas.     

A Study of the Cultural Teaching Strategy in Tibet's Primary and Middle School Chinese Teaching

A consensus over the inseparability between language and culture and the importance of cultural teaching in language teaching has long existed in academe.While learning Chinese,Tibetan primary and middle school students have encountered barriers in such aspects as cultural background,the way of thinking,custom,special language contexts,and so on.     

吐蕃第一窟－－拉萨市药王山札那路浦石窟的几个问题

In this article, through the studies on the statues of brag-lha-klu-phug in Lhasa, combining with Chinese and Tibetan documents, the author makes a further exploration into its date, artistic styly and the relations with the Buddhist art of the neighbourhood. Apart from the influence of the art of grottos in Hexi Area, the traditional cultural relations between Tubo and Nepal, India also should be considered. The styles of statues, the Grotto of Tubo dynasty is closer to that of the Buddhist art of Nepal.     

试论鄂西北地区的“仰韶文化”和“屈家岭文化”

From the study of the complex of the so-called Yangshao culture and Qujialing culture in the northwest of Hubei Province,this paper discusses the alignment,evolution and variation of archaeological cultures.It argues that the different types of remains can be divided into four phases,based on the analyses and comparisions of the combined typical pottery objects in main sites.In addition,the remains in the area are compared horizontally to the cultures of the surrounding zones i.e.the Central Plain and the Jianghan Plain around the same period,and their respectively relative age,cultural characters and the alignment of cultural development are studied.     

TIBETAN MUSIC AND DANCE Performed in Beijing

<正>In March 2010,the Tibet Autonomous Region selected both national and regional level music and dance items for an intangible cultural heritage performance.On March 25-26th,a performance was given in the Tianqiao Theater,Beijing,to demonstrate the intangible cultural heritage of Tibet in both diversity and abundance.It revealed the beauty of Tibetan culture as one of the preserved special cultures of the Chinese Nation.     

The Export of Silk to Tibetan Areas in the Ming Period and Its Impacts

Silk handicrafts are most representative of the Chinese hinterland and have played an important role in interethnic cultural exchanges since the Tang dynasty （618-907）, a ＂Silk Road＂ had existed between the hinterland and the Snow Land and had promoted friendship and cultural exchanges between Han and Tibetan peoples.     

明朝时期汉式善财童子在藏传佛教艺术中的传播（英文）

正The Ming Dynasty was one of the important periods of cultural exchange and amalgamation between Han Chinese and Tibetans.Along with the governance of Tibet and other Tibetan areas by the Central Government of the Ming Dynasty,Tibetan culture represented by Buddhism and its art was disseminated in the interior of China,     

The Origin of “Chinese Philosophy”

Using the analysis of a single word to launch a conceptual review of (a problem in) cultural history, the Chinese term zhexue 哲學 (wisdom-learning, tetsugaku) is not simply a translation of the word “philosophy”; its inventor, Nishi Amane (1829–97), regarded it as the (Western) counterpart of Oriental learning (Tōyōgaku). The first explicit linkage of “philosophy” with “the East” was at The University of Tokyo, where it played an important role in the work of Katō Hiroyuki (1836–1913) and Inoue Tetsujirō (1855–1944). Inoue’s History of Oriental Philosophy, written under Katō’s inspiration, used Western philosophy to systematize ancient Chinese thought, and transformed “philosophy” (tetsugaku) from a learning of others, or Western learning, into an important component of the spiritual world of the East, and into a kind of universal knowledge. This was completely different from earlier lectures on “China philosophy” (shina tetsugaku) by Nakamura Masanao (1832–91) and Shimada Jūrei (1838–98) which still followed the Chinese underlying structure, and in the background, it had the intent of grasping the power to control East Asian discourse. In China, when young scholars like Wang Guowei (1877–1927) embraced philosophy, they already took its universality as a self-evident premise. This kind of alignment later evolved into a situation where it seemed entirely natural to use Western systems to interpret Chinese thought, and it also induced serious scholars to reflect. However, “Oriental philosophy” and “Chinese philosophy” provide East Asia and especially China with an opportunity to reevaluate its traditional culture. In this connection, “Chinese philosophy” includes: first, using philosophical concepts to re-provision ancient thought (the so-called history of Chinese philosophy); second, the occurrence of “philosophy” and “Chinese philosophy” and their evolution after their arrival in China; third, drawing on philosophy to enrich and develop China’s thinking. When seeking out “philosophy” in the veins and arteries of China’s history, the first and second aspects must be strictly distinguished. As to what the future may hold, the effect of the third aspect is most important.     

Inheritance and Vicissitude of the Tibetan Diet——A Case of A Tibetan Rural Community

The dietary structure and customs of the Tibetans1 include both simple and complex elements.The transition from a diet composed mainly of tsampa and butter tea to the integration of alien and industrialized foodstuffs into the Tibetan dietary culture reflects,in a way,the processes of adaptation,integration and vicissitude of the Tibetan rural community during modernization.This article attempts to discuss the relationship between the traditional culture and modernization in Tibetan rural communities during the process of cultural interaction and modernization by studying the dietary structure and customs of Tibetan farmers in Nyang-re Township located in the north outskirts of Lhasa,Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR).     

Valuable Cultural Relics of Gesar Times Reappeared in Garze

In August,2011,Professor Wen Yucheng,Chinese famous archaeologist,former Director of the Institute of Luoyang Longrnen Grattoes,researcher at the Office for Cultural Relics Appraisement in China Cultural Relics Information Consulting Center,has identified some valuable cultural relics of the Gesar times,which are stored in the Kathok Monastery, Palyul County,Garze Prefecture,Sichuan Province. It is the third time for Professor Wen came to Garze and evaluated cultural relics of Buddhism and of the Gesar times.Before that,he had gone to Derge,Palyul, Denkhok,Garze and Chaggo in Garze to make field work on appraisement of the cultural relics of the Gesar times. Prof.Wen said,"In the hearts of Tibetans,King Gesar     

Zhang,Qiong.Making the New World Their Own: Chinese Encounters with Jesuit Science in the Age of Discovery

While Sino-Western cultural exchanges,in particular the contribution of Jesuit missionaries to the rise of a modern type of Chinese science and worldview,have fascinated historians of late-imperial China for years,Professor Qiong Zhang's ambitious and substantial book greatly contributes to a deeper and much more complex understanding.     

Uspensky,Vladimir L., Tibetskiy Buddizm v Pekine （Tibetan Buddhism in Beijing）

The new book by Vladimir Uspensky （alternatively, Uspenskiy）, Professor and Chair of the Department of Mongolian and Tibetan Studies, Faculty of Asian and African Studies of Saint Petersburg State University （Russia）, deals with various aspects in the history of Tibetan Buddhism in Beijing; the time is mainly the period from the middle seventeenth to the early twentieth century. During the reign of the Qing dynasty, the ruling class, namely Manchu and Mongolian nobility, patronized Tibetan Buddhism. This aspect of Qing history is studied too little in Chinese and foreign works, and Uspensky＇s book fills this lacuna. One can see that the author successfully achieved his aim, as he has drawn a vivid picture of institutions and cultural activity among Tibetan Buddhists in Beijing.     

PHOTOS ON TIBETAN CULTURE

Here is my congratulation on the publication of Photos on Tibetan Culture. Containing 1,600 photos, supported by 200,000 words, this is a rare work of its kind published in China.Tibet is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory, and the Tibetan culture is a brilliant part of the Chinese national cultural treasure. This photographic work plays a role that books that merely use words to describe Tibetan culture cannot play. When viewed from the historical angle, the existence and evolut…     

论陵阳河大汶口文化墓葬所反映的社会分层——从文化人类学和民族学角度说起

Lingyanghe graveyard of Dawenkou Culture can be divided into five regions. The large-scale tombs unearthed some special burial objects such as wine vessels,jawbones of pigs, pottery mortar, stone tomahawk, bone-carved canister, which represent the power of economy, sacrificing and military command. It indicates that the owners of the tombs should be social leaders before their death. Analyzed from the burial order,the social leaders came from five families. According to cultural anthropologic and ethnologic materials, the author believes that leaders gained their positions through competition. So this graveyard still belonged to a rank society, but bearing some characteristics of class society.     

Buddhist Manifestations of Patriotism during the Korean War

A great deal of research on the Korean War has focused on the military, politics, economy and international affairs, and far less on the religious, particularly the Buddhist, perspective. The Korean War exerted a tremendous impact on institutional Buddhism, and consequently Buddhists were heavily involved. This paper examines the history of Chinese Buddhist participation in the ＂Resisting America and Assisting Korea Campaign＂ from Buddhist perspectives such as political propaganda, material donations especially the donation of the ＂Chinese Buddhist Airplane,＂ and the enlistment of young monks into the People＇s Volunteer Army （the PVA）. The paper will then look into social and political factors involved in Buddhist leaders＇ reinterpretation of Buddhist doctrines to justify participation in the campaign, as a response to the surge of patriotism in Chinese society. This kind of investigation may shed light on the relationship between institutional Buddhism and politics in the new socialist society of China after 1949.     

THE WRITER YANGDRON:TIBETAN FEMALES AND MY VIEW OF LITERARY EXPRESSION ON TIBET

正Yangdron,a Tibetan female,graduated from the Chinese Department of Beijing University.Having joined the Association of Chinese Writers in 1997,her short stories won the Literary Creation Prize for Chinese Ethnic Minorities.Some of her works have been included by the Collection of Excellent Works of China's Contemporary Tibetan Writers,Tibet New Stories,and Listen to Tibet,and some were translated into English and published in the USA.In 1994,The Sexless Gods,the first novel written by     

A Brief Analysis of the Differences and Defects of Subtitling Compared to Dubbing——Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone

Compared to the dubbing, the version of subtitling has many defects, including the faults purely in language translation and the inaccuracy in the cultural images. As a media of cultural communication, the translator of the subtitling has to pay enough attention to the art of language, and has to take strategies centering on the audience, promoting the cultural communication and reducing the cultural differences.     

Tangka Painting of Gesar

Rope and other patterns on pottery unearthed from the Karub cultural sites, dating back some 5,000 years, are considered to be the earliest examples of painting art known so far. Rock paintings believed to have come later constitute the embryo of Tibetan painting art.Tangka painting is closely related to frescoes in terms of painting art. Tangka is created to reproduce what is painted in the fresco. Cultures prevalent in China's hinterland, India and Nepal exerted deep influence on Tibetan painting art.Both Princess Wencheng and Princess Jincheng brought the Han Chinese culture into Tibet, which proved to be a boon for the development of Tibetan painting art. With construction of the Potala Palace, Jokhang, Qamzhub and other monasteries, Tibetan painting art developed apace. Frescoes in Jokhang Monastery, Qamzhub Monastery and Potala Palace, still visible today, feature a simple nature, with rich colors and concise lines, while figures were painted in an