明人的收藏活动

在中国的民间收藏发展史上,明代是一个重要的时期。明成化以后,江南一带富庶地区收藏家辈出,收藏风气日趋炽盛,出现了如严世蕃、王世贞、王世懋、华夏、韩世能、项元汴、董其昌等许多著名收藏家,拥有的藏品十分可观,一般收藏家及收藏爱好者更是比比皆是。明人爱好收藏的不仅有达官显宦、富商巨贾,也有一般的官宦、士子、中小商人甚至奴仆。如沈春泽在为《长物志》作序时谈到,有些富家儿及庸奴钝汉,沾沾以收藏家自命。姚廷遴也说,明末松江城里“至如极小之户、极贫之弄,住房一间者,必有金漆桌椅,名画古炉,花瓶茶具,而铺设整齐”。     

慧眼鉴赏项元汴

项无汴(1525—1590)字子京,号墨林、墨林居士,浙江嘉兴人,明代有名的书画家和收藏家。他不乐仕进,万历时,征他去做官,他不去,对古代文物却有特别的爱好。     

永宣官窑青花瓷鉴赏

春节期间,到友人家拜年,有幸得见主人收藏的明代永乐、宣德两朝的几件官窑青花瓷器,经藏者惠允,借《收藏家》这块宝地,与友人共赏。一、永乐青花篆书款缠枝牡丹杂宝纹合碗     

探秘陇上窑

这里曾经是明代中国北方三大窑之一的陇上窑所在;这里是一个被考古学家们遗忘了的地方;这里也是一个被收藏家们忽视的窑口,这里生产的瓷器是甘肃众多窑口中的代表。     

《侯朝宗像》非曾鲸所画

吉林省博物馆收藏有一件明代肖像画家曾鲸所画的《侯朝宗像》轴。这件画,按画面上的图章可以看出曾经由清代的宋荦和现代的书画收藏家张伯驹先生收藏。此画描绘的是明末清初的文人侯方域(字朝宗)的“行乐图”。该画既是一件肖像画,也是一件具有一定意义的历史画,在绘画史上应占有一定的地位。但是,这件画也不无疑点,如该画是否为曾鲸所作,清代收藏家宋荦印章的真假等问题,需要进行一番认真的考释。     

浅论清代御窑厂的生产制度

<正>清代御窑厂是专门烧制皇宫内府使用的御用瓷的窑场。御窑厂烧制的瓷器除了由皇帝赏赐之外,即使是王公重臣也不能直接从御窑厂中得到。这些珍贵的皇室艺术品,以其出类拔萃的优秀品质、丰富多彩的艺术风格和传世稀少的数量,历来受到世界各地收藏家们的喜爱和珍视。清代御窑厂是在明代景德镇御窑厂的基础上继承并发展而来。明代景德镇御窑厂自明万     

国之瑰宝 绝世奇珍——庞增和捐献庞莱臣藏画特展

2003年10月南京博物院举办庞增和捐献庞莱臣藏画展。展品50余件是从捐献的137件历代书画珍品中精心挑选出来的。其中有宋代赵佶的《鸲鹆图》、夏玮的《灞桥风雪图》,元代黄公望的《富春火岭图》、倪云林的《枯木竹石图》、吴镇的《松泉图》,无款《芦雁图》;明代吴门四家的山水、花鸟作品,其中有沈周的《东庄图册》、文征明的《青绿山水》等。清代的绘画主要是四王吴恽的作品,以及戴熙等画史主流画家的作品。庞莱臣破刚刚故去的王季迁称为“上海有一位收藏家庞莱臣(虚斋),是全世界最大的中国书画收藏家,拥有书画名迹数千件”。作为一个有国际影响     

从《味水轩日记》、《六研斋笔记》看李日华绘画史观之转变

明代书画家、收藏家李日华没有象董其昌那样用明晰的语句来概述他对绘画史的整体认识,但从李日华《味水轩日记》、《六研斋笔记》等著作对绘画作品的品鉴中,仍可看到他对绘画史有一个自成体系的把握和理解。本文试图将李日华现存著述、题跋中有关绘画的品鉴和个人认识汇集起来,从而勾勒出李日华的绘画史观念。     

明清家具的材质研究之二·黄花黎(上)

黄花黎在许多明清家具研究权威的著作中已用上了“罕见”、“绝迹”的文字,并进一步认为黄花黎成为鉴别明代家具的标志之一,更有人用诗一般的语言来表述对黄花黎难以割舍的挚爱。对于黄花黎家具的追逐、推崇,不仅在中国,而且欧美的一些收藏家、博物馆     

项圣谟和他的《山水花卉册》

项圣谟(1597～1658年),初字逸,后字孔彰,号易庵,别号有胥山樵、存存居土、醉风人、大酉山人、莲塘居土等等,浙江嘉兴人。他是生活在明末清初的著名画家。项圣谟出生于江南的名门望族。祖父项元汴(子京)是明代大收藏家,他收藏的古     

Islamism revisited

While contemporary Islamism is a response to the domestic political situation in many Muslim countries, as well as to US and western policies in the Muslim world, it is also about religious assertion and the forging of an alternative ideology, not only as a means of empowerment but also as a means of establishing a particular social order. The debate is as much an internal one as it is a global one and in many ways mirrors the struggles of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries for political and cultural independence.     

Co‐Producing (a Fearful) Anthropocene

The Anthropocene is not amenable to the senses but, like many modern concepts, must be made visible. We explore the ‘Great Acceleration’ imagery as an immutable mobile to explore how this human‐made geological epoch is constituted through the aggregation of disparate elements of extreme complexity. Our analysis explores how disparate issues such as ‘telephone use’ and ‘coastal zone biogeochemistry’ can be associated and enrolled into the same argument. We write as concerned observers, who are concerned with the way that recognition for phenomena is enrolled into a fear‐based narrative. This risks reproducing the governance structures at the heart of the Great Acceleration and, if so, we ask what this might mean. Using fear is a risky strategy that is as likely to lead to relatively poor behaviours as it is to some ‘awakening’. We make this case as a way of contributing to the Anthropocene debate, challenging those promoting the idea to consider the co‐productive relationship between the knowledge they are proposing and the governance that knowledge entails.     

From the particularistic to the universalistic: national narratives in Israel’s mainstream press, 1967–97

The aim of this article is to study the development of the Jewish‐Zionist national idea as expressed in the national narrative as it appeared in Israel’s mainstream press during the years 1967–97, against the background of five critical events in the Israeli collective experience as well as in the wake of the Holocaust Memorial Days. This development is studied as a case of the immanent tension between nationalism’s universalistic message and its particularistic application. The Jewish‐Zionist narrative in Israel is found to be ‘shifting’ from its particularistic towards its more universalistic pole. This development is discussed as a transition from a ‘purely national’ to a ‘post‐national’ narrative, and is positioned in its local and global contexts.     

海外温州商人创业模式研究——基于32个样本的观察

本研究在相关文献综述的基础上,从创业学的角度,利用改进的威克姆和克里斯蒂安创业模型,对32个海外温商创业样本进行了分析。结果显示,海外温商创业一般过程的四阶段模型,按创业动机、创业经历、创业资源与温州相关程度、创业组织形式和创业过程等标准,分为十种创业模式。海外温商创业模式的形成机制是比较复杂的,除了温商自身因素之外,还需要考虑国际经济发展的宏观背景以及所在国经济发展水平等。从海外温商创业模式看,温州人的成功在于创业者与创业要素的互动,＂温州模式＂实际上更可以称为＂温州人模式＂。     

Byzantine History in late Ottoman Turkish Historiography

Abstract

The present Short Note is intended as a brief introduction to a subject which is part of a wider research project on Greek (ancient, Byzantine, and modern) as well as Roman history and culture as described and discussed in Ottoman literature, particularly in late Ottoman historiography. As an attempt to familiarise the reader with, at this stage, no more than a few aspects of the subject in question, the following sketch does not pretend to be exhaustive. It is hoped, however, that it will provide a general idea of the context, as well as of the relevant sources, some of which will be described in more detail. Our note is, in addition, intended to arouse interest, particularly from the point of view of Byzantine and modern Greek studies, and to invite comments.     

Clustering and Dispersion of Duopolists in a Linear Market

The locations that two sellers will choose in a linear market has long been of interest. It is well accepted that firms will tend to cluster in the center of the market as long as demand for the product is inelastic and the market area is bounded. It has also been stated that clustering is less strong as demand becomes more elastic, but questions of when this dispersion occurs and what affects it remain to be addressed. This paper further explores clustering in spatial duopoly as elastic demand is allowed. Results indicate that the clustering behavior of sellers is related to the price of the product they sell, the cost to the consumer of acquiring the product, and the elasticity of demand. Locations of sellers in a linear market will lie between the median location and the quartiles as these parameters vary.     

The dark side of cultural policy: economic and political instrumentalisation,white elephants,and corruption in Valencian cultural institutions

Cultural policy is usually assessed as a positive element for socio-economic development and therefore, its criticism is generally confined to poor implementation and discussion of its social effects. However, it is occasionally analysed as an instrument that produces unsustainable development, as a generator of white elephants, or as a means of waste, corruption, and clientelistic domination of the political sphere. This is what we might call the ‘dark side’ of cultural policy. Our case study of the city of Valencia (Spain), focussing on two of its major cultural institutions, the Valencian Institute of Modern Art and the Palace of Arts, exemplifies this cultural policy dimension. This article aims to analyse the systemic and contextual causes of this phenomenon of cronyistic behaviour and to elucidate in what sense it can be understood as a contingent drift specific to a particular territory or as a structural condition of cultural policy.     

Entangled Memories: How to Study Europe’s Cultural Heritage

A fruitful direction for research on the European cultural heritage is to adopt a transnational approach. Rather than see cultural heritage as predominantly expressed in national contexts, it could be seen as primarily transnational and as plural. Such a view would also suggest a conception of national histories as themselves products of transnational encounters. In this perspective, the European dimension is not then necessarily something over and above nations, but part of their heritage. Moreover, as fundamentally transnational, the European heritage is not exclusively confined to Europe. Cultural heritage is not something that is fixed or based on an essence; it is produced and reinterpreted by social actors in different but overlapping contexts. This is also an interpretative approach that draws attention to the entangled nature of memories and especially the cultural logic by which new conceptions and narratives of heritage emerge from the encounter and entanglement of different memories. Such an approach offers new opportunities for comparative research on the European heritage as an entangled mosaic of histories and memories. This approach thus rejects not only particularistic but also universalistic ones such as alternative Eurocentric accounts.     

The mighty cashew

Abstract

The generic name ‘cashew’ applies to a tree, its fruit, its nuts, and the family to which it belongs. The tree has been cultivated in tropical countries for close on five hundred years, and from the fruit to the nut to the shell, the cashew is basically edible and useful. Outside the Tropics the tree is perhaps best known for its edible nuts. However of the various natural products of the cashew, it is the caustic, black phenolic oil known as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), until recently routinely discarded as a waste product, which has been found to be of most interest, as it can be used in numerous industrial and engineering applications. CNSL is essentially a mixture of phenolics and is a good natural alternative to petrochemically derived phenol. Furthermore CNSL has found uses in areas as diverse as paints, corrosion resistant varnishes, and natural composite materials. The fact that CNSL is also a low cost renewable resource which until recently was thought of as a waste product only adds to its appeal and suggests that an exciting future awaits this fascinating material.     

“百家讲坛”讲史平议

中央电视台"百家讲坛"宣讲历史有三点应当注意:一是贴近历史,开发历史文化。文史兼顾,但应尊重历史事实。二是传播历史,发扬光大祖国丰富的历史文化遗产,但不可颠倒是非,以伪乱真。三是再讲历史,创新资治通鉴。司马光写史,以史为鉴,欲以益世。现在讲史,应当创新,有益于世,"青出于蓝"。