学术转型期的民国史研究--中华民国史国际学术讨论会纪要

2002年8月21－23日在北京举行了“中华民国史国际学术讨论会”。从提交此次会议的论文可以看出近年来民国史研究的几个基本特征：民国政治史在致力于突破,民国外交史因新史料的出现而凸现新意,民国社会史的研究日益深化,民国经济史的研究更加细化,民国思想文化与教育史领域的研究在不断拓宽,民国史料的不断发掘与学术史研究的重视。     

近百代清代戏曲评点研究综述

清代戏曲评点在中国戏曲批评史上的地位举足轻重。近百年来,清代戏曲评点研究蔚为大观：金批《西厢》专题研究一领风骚,研究者从人物性格论、戏剧情节结构论、价值论、创作论等视角深入挖掘金批《西厢》中所蕴含的戏曲理论遗产,为建构有民族特色的戏曲批评体系提供重要借鉴。其它清代戏曲评点本之研究也在尴尬中取得突破性进展,凸显出三个重要研究视角：女性批评、学科交叉研究和社会一文化批评。     

唐代礼官服色考——兼论《步辇图》的服色问题

传阎立本《步辇图》是一幅写实风格的艺术作品,描述了唐太宗接见迎娶文成公主的吐蕃赞普使者历史场面。该作品中包涵的有关隋唐时期服饰方面的图文信息,对于中国服装史研究有着重要的意义。笔者通过对唐代服色制度历史文献资料的整理与考证,结合前人的研究成果,试就图中引班使者的礼官所着官服之色名、品级以及该图中所绘场面的具体时间展开研究与探讨。     

《水经·涑水注》校笺及水道与政区复原

《水经注》是我国古代以水道为纲记载地理信息的著名典籍,对于研究早期水道情况和政区变迁有着极为重要的意义。本文以《水经注》卷六《涑水篇》作为研究对象,在前人既有研究的基础之上,利用相关文献和考古资料对其进行全面考释,主要涉及文本校勘、史源探求以及对水道、城邑分布的复原,并以古今对照的形式绘制出地图,将研究的结果直观呈现出来。     

中西历史比较的规范与理路

中西历史比较研究必须遵循科学的学术规范与理路。“个案”研究是比较考察的基础,只有将所要比较的历史现象都搞清楚,才能进行深入的比较。为了进行高起点的比较,还需全面地批判借鉴有价值的成果。此外,还必须辩证地去分析问题,以求探索历史现象真正的异同。     

Progress in the human geography of the Maghreb

Sutton and Lawless review a selection of the prolific literature on the Maghreb's human geography published from the late 1970s onward. The pedigree of the discipline in Maghreb was established by several notable geographers who lived, researched, and wrote there. Augustin Bernard's writings on rural settlement, his atlas, and study of Algeria are still cited. Jean Despois's regional study with Raynal and his work on Tunisia, together with the detailed rural research of Jean Poncet, provides a particularly rich coverage for that country. Jean Dresch's early work on Morocco exemplified an early critique of the contemporaneous uncritical colonial human geography. The Sahara's fascination also inspired pioneering studies by Robert Capot-Rey. The work of these notables and others provided a solid background of geographical literature on the Maghreb to be supplemented, criticized, and challenged by more recent researchers, sometimes pupils of the above individuals, and increasingly North African by birth. The tradition of general texts on the Maghreb has continued, though increasingly with systematic approaches replacing regional appraisals. The geography of the decolonization of the Maghreb by Isnard has been replaced by a study summarizing recent collaborative work by a team of French geographers. The Saharan extensions of the Maghreb states have often been linked in general works, sometimes being juxtaposed against the Maghreb as in the essays offered to Jean Despois. Lawless and Findlay's collaborative study juxtaposes geographical studies of each country's economic development with political scientists' evaluations of their sociopolitical development. This review limits itself largely to geographers and geographical journals, only occasionally including significant works from other subject areas, and to 1977-1978 publications, with a few notable exceptions. The spatial juxtaposition of contrasting approaches to economic development, liberal market economy approaches by Tunisia and Morocco arguably leading to dependency, and centrally-planned strategies by Algeria and Libya resulting in bureaucratic constraints serves to offer the Maghreb as a pertinent case-study region for the applied geographer of developing countries.     

近十年晚清财政史研究综述

晚清财政史研究是晚清经济史研究的重要领域之一。近十年来,学术界的目光主要集中于晚清财政状况、财政收支、财政制度等方面,在论和资料整理上均取得了丰硕成果。学们从纵向与横向两方面着笔,对晚清财政状况进行了宏观考察。财政收入研究侧重于外债、关税与厘金,而对外赔款仍是财政支出研究的热点。财政制度与体制方面,学界论述较多为中央与地方的财政关系问题。至于财政思想,学们对重要人物的财政思想研究较多,对总体性财政思想的研究则相对薄弱。此外,他们还对太平天国政权的赋税制度与政策予以客观分析和评价。     

Minutes of the Annual General Meeting of the Palestine Exploration Fund, 11 June 2009

Abstract

A total of 119 rock-cut burial caves of the Roman and Byzantine periods were surveyed in the study area, all of which had been subjected to robbing at some point in the recent past. This tomb raiding in the Saffa region has resulted in severe damage to a large number of rock-cut tombs, the desecration of several hundred ancient burials, and in the extraction of thousands of funerary objects from their original context. This study depends mainly on interviews with several of the raiders of these tombs and on a field survey carried out by the author in February and March 2011. The main aim of this study is to address three questions: What are the present and future challenges facing the tombs of the Roman and Byzantine periods in the study area? Could an ethnographical study help us to expand our understanding of the looting history of these burial caves and the kinds of looted objects that were found there? What can such an ethnographical study add to our understanding of the past?     

文献发掘与学术史的研究问题--兼谈王宁先生有关学术史研究的一些看法

学术史的研究要注重献发掘,王宁先生对此有深入的思考：要发掘第一手献资料;要注重断代史的研究;注意把握学术史的发展脉络;客观评价学术史人物。     

美国环境政治史研究的兴起和发展

环境政治史是因环境问题而衍生的各种社会政治关系史。美国环境政治史研究萌芽于20世纪六七十年代的资源保护史;八九十年代以环境政治的现实和学科交融为背景,研究内容得到拓宽;2000年前后,以总结过去、面向未来为主旨,美国的环境政治史研究步入一个新阶段。美国环境政治史研究主要关注现代环境政治,研究内容十分广泛,学科交融特点也十分突出。     

论辛亥革命中的巡防队

晚清巡防队是清政府军政改革中保留下来的一种新旧混杂的军队,长期以来史学界对于辛亥革命时期军队的研究主要集中在新军上,对于巡防队的研究基本上是一片空白.本文对巡防队的历史和巡防队在辛亥革命中的表现及作用进行研究,认为清政府对于巡防队的改造存在诸多问题;巡防队在辛亥革命中有一定的表现,在不同的省区其作用是不一样的;但是也不能忽视其反面作用,军队起义意味着对中国传统文化意识的强烈挑战,造成了军阀政治的悲惨结局,影响了半个世纪中国社会的发展进程.     

边界:建立睦邻友好国家关系的纽带和桥梁

本文就边界研究中的一系列重大问题,诸如边界概念、边界研究的内容和特点、边界研究中必须注意区别的几种关系、边界变化的规律、边界研究的条件和意义,以及我国过去边界问题研究的教训等,逐一进行了理性的思考,并在这种理性思考的过程中,根据新时期的新形势和我国政府提出的新安全观、国际观与睦邻友好的外交政策,提出边界是建立睦邻友好国家关系的纽带和桥梁的论点,进而提出边界学概念。期望能对我国边界理论的建设和边界问题研究事业的进展有所助益。     

科默·V·伍德沃德与美国南部史学

科默·V.伍德沃德在美国是享有盛誉的南部史专家,同时也是一位非常活跃的社会活动家。在长期的学术实践中他形成了注重史学的社会功能、强调历史发展的非连续性和善用反讽的史学研究风格。他以自己对美国南部历史与现实的深切关怀,积极推动了南部史的研究。其贡献既表现在对新的史学领域和问题的开拓,也体现在围绕他的著述所展开的学术商榷、学术批评中,以及由此而形成的良性的学术研究氛围上。     

近十年晚清民国以来宗族研究综述

晚清民国以来宗族的研究有了明显的进展,在宗族社会变迁、宗族近代化、城市宗族研究方面都出版了专著,研究者还注意从区域入手探讨宗族,深入研究长江中下游、广东、福建、安徽等地宗族,极大改变了以往近现代宗族研究的薄弱状况.华北宗族的研究引起人类学与历史学学者的重视,客家宗族研究形成高潮,人类学者关注当代宗族.当代宗族复兴的研究方面,宗族与乡村自治的探讨成绩突出.     

墓志铭起源初探

墓志作为先民追悼自己祖先的一种特殊的纪念物,沿袭下来已有近二千年的历史,本文关于墓志铭起源的探讨在考古和历史学研究中无疑将有重要意义。     

Analysis of the Transformation of Herat Old City,Afghanistan

ABSTRACT

This study examines the ongoing transformation of Herat Old City (also referred to as the Old City), the former capital of the Timurid Empire on the Silk Roads, regarding the transformation of residential quarters. The data for this study is provided by a literature review, field surveys, and interviews with city officials and citizens. The study analyses the changes to residential quarters occurring in the Old City with a particular focus on their relation to a) the post-war reconstruction process, b) lack of management by the municipal government, and c) inadequate involvement of citizens/residents. The study shows how changes in private housing have occurred across the Old City. They began around 2004 and accelerated with the reconstruction process, which included projects funded by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC). Redevelopment of traditional houses has been continuing in the Old City even after AKTC completed their mission in 2010.     

张星烺先生对中西交通史研究的学术贡献

张星先生是我国中西交通史研究的奠基人之一。本文从五个方面论述了张星对中西交通史研究的学术贡献。张星收集整理汉文资料 ,翻译介绍外文文献 ,介绍西方东方学成就 ,开辟新的研究领域等工作 ,极大地推动了我国中西交通史的研究。     

Scenic Perceptions of the Visual Effects of Wind Farms on South Australian Landscapes

A survey of the visual effects of wind farms was undertaken in South Australia, with the aim of quantifying the impact of wind farms on the perceived scenic quality of landscapes. In the study a total of 311 participants assessed the scenic quality of a photographed landscape in 68 coastal and inland locations where wind farms could be located, both without wind farms and with wind farms digitally added to the scene. A key finding of the study was that wind farms generally had a negative effect on landscapes of higher scenic quality but a positive effect on landscapes of lower scenic quality. The negative visual effects of a wind farm did not reduce appreciably with distance. White, blue or grey coloured turbines were preferred over tan or rainbow hues, but this finding was based on a small number of scenes. Limitations of the study included using static views of wind farms and having an insufficient number of scenes to assess the influence of the number of turbines on scenic quality ratings. The study concluded that wind farms should avoid areas of higher perceived scenic quality, particularly on the coast, and be located in areas of lower scenic quality. The study adds to the growing body of international research on community attitudes to wind farms, and contributes useful knowledge for future planning of wind farms in Australia. These research results should assist communities, government agencies and the wind energy industry and improve the planning and design of wind farms by taking community perceptions into account.     

西方文化史研究的现状与趋势

当代国外的西方文化史研究具有实用性、多元化、国际化的特点,研究内容从单纯的政治文化、军事文化、宗教文化扩展到经济文化、社会文化、比较文化、心理发展文化以及影视文化等领域,研究视角大体包括概览性研究、分类性研究、阶段性研究、国别性研究、比较性研究、理论性研究。中国的西方文化史研究是随着西方文化在近代中国的扩张和传播而兴起的,上个世纪90年代以来成为一门重要的学科并取得了丰硕的成果,有关的著述大体可分为综述性、专门性、比较性和理论性四类。无论是国外的还是国内的西方文化史研究,许多涉及“西方文化史”本体的问题迄今仍未得到很好的解决。     

简论冯家昇先生的边疆史研究

冯家昇先生在语言学、民族史、历史地理、科技史等多个学术领域多有建树,而边疆史地在其学术研究中占有极其重要的地位。本文对冯家昇的边疆史研究做了简要梳理,认为对诸如冯家昇等先贤的相关研究做进一步的梳理和总结对于边疆学的构建显得很有必要。