New Books

<正>From Mediterranean to Himalaya:A Festschrift to Commemorate the 120th Birthday of the Italian Tibetologist Giuseppe Tucci Dr.Drarndul and Dr.Francesco Sferra(Italy)are the co-chief editors of this book.Giuseppe Tucci(1894-1984)was a famous western scholar of early Tibetan studies.He conducted eight sequential scientific studies in the western Himalaya area as well as Tibet from 1926 to 1954.This book contains various aspects regarding Tibetan culture.The book     

The Secret Society's Secret: The Invoked Reality of the Tiandihui

This essay examines two sets of reports in the Qing-dynasty Jiaqing and Daoguang periods (respectively 1796-1820 and 1821-45) in order to understand better the perceived reality of the Tiandihui.The first set,found among the papers of Jiangxi governor Xianfu (1809-14),allows a comparison of a criminal gang that invoked the Tiandihui ceremony with one that did not.The second set includes the diary of Taihe county magistrate Xu Dihui (in office from 1824) that recorded various events which came to be reported to the senior officialdom as having been conducted by secret societies.By collating the incidents as reported in the diary and memorials to the emperor,the authors argue that the pressure of the administrative process was responsible for the ultimate acquiescence by the Hunan governor Han Wenqi (in office 1825-29) in the perception of an indisputable connection of the incidents with secret societies.Moreover,both sets of reports show that participants in secret-society ceremonies and officials who suppressed them knexv that the acclaimed networking of the Tiandihui as implied in its folklore was very far from the reality.     

REMINISCENCE THE EARLY YEARS OF WORKING IN TIBET

In the late Sixties,a group of enthusiastic youths from Henan(an internal province on the central plain) set out with great enthusiasm to go farming and also guard borders on the Tibet Plateau.I was lucky enough to be one of them.Now,as I recall those long and dusty days in an area largely unknown to the rest of the world,I cannot help about of nostalgia.     

Back to Gamdeling

The Township Village of Gamdeling is situated in District Naiqung, County of Doilungdeqen, Lhasa. It is the place where I began to establish a relationship with Tibet. Halfa Century＇s Concern and Remembrance In the early spring of 1963, as a junior student majoring in Tibetan at the Department of Minority Languages and Literature in the Central College for Nationalities, I set foot in Tibet for the first time. The first place I saw was the Township Village of Gamdeling, where I went to work with the liberated serfs who were undergoing a democratic reform. I helped set up grass roots political power. Being together day and night, I studied Tibetan with them and taught singing to children in the primary school. There, I learned to recite Tsangyang Gyatso＇s poem, On the Peak of the Eastern Mountain, from which the well- known name ＂Makye-ame＂ comes. Since July 20, 1963, the day on which I departed, I have had no opportunity to return to Gamdeling. These years, by radio, newspaper and internet, I got to know that a famous vegetable and flower producers＇ cooperative was built in Gamdeling. I can collect hundreds of reports about Gamdeling on line. The news makes me excited, because I know Gamdeling is going forward with Tibet. How about my old Tibetan friends？ How about their life now？ Who are even still alive？ On August 30, 2011, on the occasion of a short business trip to Lhasa while accompanied by a friend, I stepped on the land again. Tenzin Wodrup＇s Vegetable Greenhouse Across the bridge over Tohlung Chu of the Lhasa River, we entered the area of Gamdeling. For me, everything was so familiar but yet strange! We stopped our car in front of a building with the sign of ＂Vegetable and Flower Exhibition and Trade Center of the Gamdeling Farmers＇ Vegetable Cultivation Cooperative, the County of Doilungdeqen＂. By the gate there was a stall selling local watermelons. Having taken some pictures, we drove northwards into the district of the vegetable greenhouses, intending to find a local and ask the way. It took five or six minutes for our ear to circle around the area, from which, we can see how big the district was. In time, I saw a middle-aged farmer with a bright T-shirt standing on the road. I got out and asked him about Tsering Dondrup. To my surprise, he was from Gamdeling and lived in the same Village of Chabka as Tsering Dondrup, and they were relatives The man＇s name was Tenzin Wodrup. He promised to take us to call on Tsering Dondrup＇s. On both sides of the road that was straight, clean and paved with cement, there stood dozens of vegetable greenhouses in rows.     

THE NEW KINDERGARTEN IN THE TOWN OF KARMA

正The year 2010 was a key year in developing the pre-elementary education system in Tibet.It was this year the state called for pre-elementary education to be widely covered.By then,the construction of kindergartens was launched in Tibetan rural areas including those agricultural and animal husbandry areas.The town of Karma is far away from Chamdo County in Tibet.The kindergarten is set up     

THE CONCEPTS OF “LI(礼)” AND “FA(法)” AS WELL AS THEIR LEGAL EXPRESSION IN ANCIENT CHINA AS SEEN IN THE EXCAVATED QIN AND HAN DOCUMENTS:A DISCUSSION OF THE THEORY OF THE CONFUCIANIZATION OF ANCIENT CHINESE LAW

<正>I.The problem of the relationship of li and fa in ancient Chinese law Because of differences in culture,an independent law system,the Chinese Law System,came into being with its differences from other law systems of the world,which are represented by the Continental Law System(also known as the Code Law System)and Anglo-American Law System(also known as the     

A MAZE OF TRANSPORTATION LINES IN TIBET

<正>In 2001,by chance I traveled along the road from Qinghai to Tibet. Though I did not experience the full length of this national road,I was very impressed by what I observed of Tibetan culture.Up to early 2007, I had entered Tibet eight times,from different directions through the four major access points:Sichuan,Yunnan,Xinjiang and Qinghai. Shouldering the responsibility of filming a documentary,I together with my colleagues in 2002 and 2004 drove a vehicle along the route from Sichuan to Tibet,but my third visit to Tibet was by myself.The route from Sichuan to Tibet     

SHEEP, GOATS, PIGS, CALVES AND DUCKS IN THE HOUSE OF THE LADY IN GIRSU （2400 B.C.） —— STUDIES ON OLD SUMERIAN ARCHIVES FROM GIRSU PART 4

In JAC 19, I investigated Lists of Monthly Barley-Wheat Distributions and Allowances （se-gar ziz-gar sa-dug4 itid-da）, with regard to the types and amount of fodder provided to donkeys from the rule of Enentarzi to the end years of Urukagina. In this paper, I found that from Urukagina Year 5, ii （2^nd month）, the daily fodder for donkeys, and the number of types of donkeys, were greatly reduced. Economic decline occurred in the reign of Urukagina, king of Lagash, from the fifth year on, possibly as a result of political decline. The fact that the archive of the House of The Lady ends in Urukagina＇s seventh year may imply that it is in this year that Lugalzaggesi, king of Umma, captured Lagash and Girsu.     

A COLLECTIVE APPROACH TO PRODUCTION LIFTS THE ECONOMY OF A SMALL VILLAGE IN NORTH TIBET

<正>An improved income for a tiny village in a sparsely populated area of Northern Tibet,where about 90 households are living,is the result of taking a collective approach to production over a number of years.The people of the village are living in spacious and comfortable houses where they can access both radio and television programs. One day in summer,we set off from the Tsonyi Special Zone and drove northward,passing towns and villages,to arrive at the legendary nomadic township of Gyatso.     

Hand in Hand,and Heart to Heart

The new century has dawned and our work in the past year has drawn to a successful conclusion through the care and concern from our readers. I thank you fromthe bottom of my heart!I came to China 's Tibet in May 1991. when I finished my graduate study in theBeijing Teachers' University, majoring in folklore. I worked for the Chinese andTibetan editions of the magazine, and was transferred to the English edition in 1997.With more readers demanding a better English edition, I was appointed …     

Tibetan Woodcarving

Keeping Abreast with Religious Advancement
The chapel in the Tashilhunpo Monastery for the stupa of the 10th Panchen Lama was built in 1993. I found the woodcarving art was my newly discovered complex art. When and where from does Tibetan woodcarving originates？ I have not yet to make any conclusions from all my research. Notwithstanding, academic circles generally conclude that the origin and advancement of Tibetan woodcarving art was keeping abreast with the dissemination and development of Buddhism in Tibet. That is to say woodcarving was included when Songtsen Gampo built the Tubo Kingdom in the 7^th Century.     

宁玛派(英文)

<正>The expression Rnying Ma-pa means "ancient" or "old".The Rnying Ma-pa sect maintained that it is ancient because Pad-ma vbyung-gnas established its doctrines in the 8th century,about three hundred years earlier than the origin of Tibetan Buddhism’s other sects.With regard to "old",the Rnying Ma-pa sect claimed to focus on the teachings of Old Tantric Mysticism,basically those translated during the Tubo period. The division of Tibetan Buddhism into various sects differed from that of Hinayana and Mahayana in Indian Buddhism.The separation of Hinayana into eighteen schools was     

西藏羌塘地区野生动物保护和利用的可持续机制(英文)

<正>Wildlife Resources in the Chang Tang Region"The Chang Tang"(byangthang)refers to the northern region of Tibet,where due to harsh climatic conditions and lack of roads the region has also been referred to as a"no man’s land."This land has become a paradise for wildlife,and shields them from human disturbance.The species living in the region have adapted to the harsh conditions through millennia of nature selection,and many species are endemic to Tibetan plateau.Ungulate species with large populations in the Chang Tang region include Tibetan wild ass(Kiang/rkyang),wild yak,Tibetan antelope,Tibetan argali,Tibetan gazelle and blue sheep.     

Marmot and Pika,the Elves of Changtang

<正>The marmot might be the least noticed mammal in Changtang.Though not rare in quantity and distribution,there are not as many as the Pikas which can be seen everywhere.As I set my feet on the land of Changtang for the first time,it was the small animals,like marmots,not the flagship species such as the Tibetan antelopes and wild yaks,which impressed me the     

KYIRONG THE LAST MYSTERIOUS PLACE IN TIBET

Having graduated from university in 1976,The author set out on his journey to Tibet.He took the train from Qingdao of Shandong Province and,via several other places,to Liuyuan in Gansu Province.Changing train,he crossed over Qinghai,passed through Lhasa and then reached Shigatse.Finally,he reached his last stop-Kyirong County,the boundary of China and Nepal,and then stayed there for six years.     

宝藏寂对佛性的理解（英文）

<正>The Ratnagotravibhāga(abbr.RGV)was very likely composed sometime around ~(th)e 4~(th) or 5~(th) century in India.But traces of the RGV fell into obscurity after ~(th)e late 6~(th) century,and again begin to appear after the early 11th century.To clarify the text’s resurrection after the early 11~(th) century,I have studied the earliest masters of this period who quote the RGV,namely Maitrīpa     

Mr.Liu Shengqi On H.E.Richardson

The Scotsman Dr.Hugh EdwardRichardson, civil servant and scholar,Born: 22 December, 1905, in St.Andrews Died: 3 December, 2000, in St.Andrews, aged 94," reported a Londonbased newspaper on January 5, 2001.The story was complete with a conciseintroduction to the man.Those engaged in Tibetan studiesknow Richardson very well. The newsinstantly reminds them of the ignominious role he played in the course ofBritish imperialist efforts to tear Tibetaway from China.Hugh Richardson first set …     

An Account of the Various Editions of Kangyur and the Results of Their Collation

It is recorded in Mahayanottara Tantra Shastra (Supreme Continuum of the Greater Vehicle) that all things relating to Dharma can relieve distress from the three realms and result in Parinirvana (extreme stillness and extinction) as in the Buddha's sayings. The discourses attributed to the Buddha of complete enlightenment are called ka(bkav) (the Buddha's words). The Buddhist canon that contains the translated discourses of the Buddha is called Kangyur (lit. the translated discourses attributed to the Buddha). The new