画面革命与革命的画面

几年前,我在半岛参加镜头语言培训班时,听一位退休多年的BBC老记者说,最让观众感到舒服的画面是从镜头左侧拉向右侧的。尽管他一再强调这是经过多年潜心研究得出的结论,但我始终认为这个结论对我们来说是不现实的。     

机器人革命

让电子蜜蜂打入蜜蜂组织显然无法让科学家及公众满足。我们最希望拥有的,是既可以接受人类指挥,又可以运行相关程序的机器装置。以协助、取代我们进行精密、危险以及其他人力所不能及的工作。这个机器装置有个拟人化的名字：机器人。     

革命与“革命叙事”

正就中国历史学进展而言,"革命叙事"在1949年后很长一段时间并不构成问题,但是到了改革开放时期,由于重评近代中国历史上的洋务运动及资产阶级,"革命叙事"渐有式微之势。至"告别革命"说出,~①"革命叙事"绝地反击,夺回了部分话语权。不过,这场争论至今并没有结束。一、革命叙事之发生"革命"有广狭之分。广义上的革命,指事物发生根本性变革,是质的飞跃;狭义的革命,主要     

革命妈妈

邓六金的后半生与许许多多的孩子结下了不解之缘。解放大军南下之际,华东局决定办一所保育院,收留南下干部的子女和烈士的遗孤,邓六金负责了筹备工作。面对100多个离开父母的孩子,她精心护理,丝毫不敢怠慢,华东保育院终于在她的努力下办了起来。她和这100多个大大小小的孩子组成了一支"特别部队",在她的指挥下,这支特殊的部队,从山东千里迢迢迁到了上海。邓六金不是将军,但她胜利的指挥了这支"部队",完成了这场特殊的战役。     

睡眠革命

人类的睡眠分3种：早睡早起的云雀型,晚上不困白天不起的夜枭型,还有7成属于中间型。     

谁在革命——农民：不许革命

鲁迅小说《阿Q正传》里讲,听闻革命到来,阿Q想要造反,用筷子盘起辫子,招摇过市。赵老爷和秀才们开始不明就里,不知革命底细,因此对阿Q低声下气。后来假洋鬼子回来,他们发现革命并不是要革他们的命,于是神气活现起来。阿Q想要参加,假洋鬼子不许。鲁迅写的是小说,但在江浙一带,还真有农民想要革命（虽然他们跟阿Q一样,不知道革命是怎么回事）,但不唯乡绅地主们不许,当地革命后的军政府也不许。     

初奔革命

父兄牺牲1937年“七七”事变后,日机轰炸了位于山西省五台县河边村的“川至”中学,学校被迫停课,人心惶惶。眼看读书无望,我和几个同学相约步行回到家乡五台县北高洪口村,村里的抗日救亡活动已如火如荼。我哥哥杨尊德在五台县牺盟会和中共五台县第二     

秦晓 再次革命

与其说秦晓是国企掌门人,不如说他是公共知识分子,他是最不像国企掌门人的掌门人,他致力于撕去非市场化的官商标签,致力于在中国实现普世的现代性。这在同龄人、同一经历的人中是罕见的     

革命老人吴玉章

吴玉章同志是我党的老一辈无产阶级革命家。他从和孙中山先生一起组织中国同盟会开始,就把毕生的精力贡献给中国人民的解放事业和社会主义建设事业。在纪念辛亥革命100周年之际,写下此文,以飨读者和表达敬意。     

谁在革命

第二次鸦片战争后,清朝内外交困,国人要自强救国。朝廷开明的官员掀起了"师夷长技"的洋务运动;忧国忧民的举子们揭开了变法维新的序幕;到后来,报界、知识界、有实力的在野士绅,甚至一些王公亲贵结成共识,西太后也决定效法日本,实行君主立宪了。     

Developing and Applying a Disaggregated Retail Location Model with Extended Retail Demand Estimations

The spatial interaction model (SIM) is an important tool for retail location analysis and store revenue estimation, particularly within the grocery sector. However, there are few examples of SIM development within the literature that capture the complexities of consumer behavior or discuss model developments and extensions necessary to produce models which can predict store revenues to a high degree of accuracy. This article reports a new disaggregated model with more sophisticated demand terms which reflect different types of retail consumer (by income or social class), with different shopping behaviors in terms of brand choice. We also incorporate seasonal fluctuations in demand driven by tourism, a major source of non‐residential demand, allowing us to calibrate revenue predictions against seasonal sales fluctuations experienced at individual stores. We demonstrate that such disaggregated models need empirical data for calibration purposes, without which model extensions are likely to remain theoretical only. Using data provided by a major grocery retailer, we demonstrate that statistically, spatially, and in terms of revenue estimation, models can be shown to produce extremely good forecasts and predictions concerning store patronage and store revenues, including much more realistic behavior regarding store selection. We also show that it is possible to add a tourist demand layer, which can make considerable forecasting improvements relative to models built only with residential demand.     

The Production and Display of Domestic Interiors in Wilhelmine Germany, 1900-1914

In the opening years of the twentieth century, the German homeassumed new cultural meanings and symbolic significance as asite of economic, political, artistic, and social intervention.This article investigates a range of Wilhelmine institutions—fromthe Wertheim department store and the Prussian Commerce Ministry,to the Applied Arts Movement and the Movement for Art Education—toillustrate the variety of German approaches to promoting newconceptions of the home. Examining the ways in which Wilhelmineprivate and state reformers turned the topic of how one livedand dwelled into a topic of pressing significance, the articleargues that private, commercial efforts and state-driven policyinitiatives interpenetrated to a degree previously underappreciatedin Wilhelmine historical studies. These private and state initiativeswere, in turn, closely tied to the cultivation of German consumeridentities, and to larger efforts on the part of Wilhelmineinstitutions to adapt to the dizzying conditions of twentieth-centurycapitalist modernity. As a result of these developments, specialexhibitions of artistic home interiors originated in premierGerman department stores as well as in the halls of the statebureaucracy; historical ornaments termed ‘modern’in one decade were denigrated as barbaric in another; and generationsof craftsmen battled one another for a legitimacy conferred,to a significant degree, by private commissions, generous statesubsidies, and admission into prestigious exhibitions.     

追寻现代性:民国上海言情文化的历史解读

The rise of the melodrama as a literary and theatrical genre appears to have had a co-relation with the rise of industrial cities in modern times around the globe from Europe, North America, to East Asia. In China, this phenomenon manifested itself in the yanqing (lit. speaking of feelings) genre that dominated the popular culture scene in Shanghai in the most part of the twentieth century. While the yanqing genre was an expression of particular Chinese modern experiences, it also provided a channel for these local experiences to partake in and enrich a global experience of modernity. This study shows how yanqing arts helped ordinary Shanghai residents deal with changing patterns of gender, love, and family relations in the fast-growing and modernizing city. Through such re-examination of the yanqing culture this study tries to shed new light on some important questions in modern Chinese history and help correct traditional elite views of this history. Translated from Shilin 史林 (Historical Review), 2006, (4): 70–79 Parts of this article have been presented at the international conference, “As China Meets the World: China’s Changing Position in the International Community, 1840–2000,” held at Vienna, May 15–19, 2004; and “The First Modern Chinese Social History Conference,” held in Qingdao, Shandong, August 2005. It is modified by the author when translated into English.     

可疑的繁盛——日军阴影下的都市女性文化探析

Wartime Shanghai (1937–1945) was a crucial period in women’s Yue opera history, during which the opera took roots in the city and was transformed into a modern art form. The opera established itself as a dominant presence in the city’s popular entertainment in the first half of the 1940s and gained national and international influence in the 1950s and 1960s with its masterpiece plays such as The butterfly lovers and Dream of the red chamber. The rise of women’s Yue opera in wartime Shanghai was more a ramification of long-term developments in urban migration, urban cultural transformation, and women’s integration into society that ran through the entire Republican even the early PRC periods. Translated and revised from Huadong Shifan Daxue Xuebao 华东师范大学学报 (Journal of East China Normal University), 2008, (2): 56–67     

Philanthropy and revolution in Shanghai during the May 30th Movement

ABSTRACT

During the May 30th Movement of 1925, the Shanghai Provisional Society of Aid and Pacification epitomized contemporary philanthropy in Shanghai with its transitional character that combined the old with the new. On the one hand, the society inherited the organizational tradition of modern charitable groups, but on the other hand, it also came to terms with the revolutionary upsurges then occurring in China and in the international Communist movement. Inside the Provisional Society of Aid and Pacification, the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce and the Federation of Industry, Commerce, and Education led by the Chinese Communist Party maintained cautiously collaborative relations. After the disbanding of the society, the Patriotic Fundraising Meeting, a successor organization founded by the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce, soon failed, and the Chinese Communist Party launched the China Hardship Relief Society in an effort to radicalize philanthropy. Revolutionized philanthropy grew out of the development of the modern Chinese philanthropic tradition yet transcended it. Finally, proponents of these two approaches to philanthropy split after a symbiotic collaboration.     

自行车普及与近代上海社会

Taking the popularization of bicycles in modern Shanghai as an example, this article discussed the interrelationship between the development of instruments and the users by analyzing the expansion of city space, formation of the city time rhythm, changes in consumption mode of different social classes, and the competition of various transportation tools, etc. The influences on the transformation of social life in Shanghai and other cities of China were also revealed. __________ Translated by Zhou Weiwei from Shilin 史林 (Historical Review), 2007, (1): 103–113     

中国传统工商业城市在近代的衰落

Resulted from different causes, the majority of traditional cities in modern China underwent a decline in various degrees. The causes of the decline of Suzhou, Hangzhou, and Yangzhou which have started to develop their new industry and commerce since mid-Qing Dynasty lies in such aspects as: the lose of transportation superiority in modern China; the fatal destruction caused by Taiping Revolution; the affects of the rising of Shanghai; the recession of traditional economy and slowed development of new economy; and the conservatism in thinking and ideas etc. Translated by Huang Bangfu from Xinan Minzu Daxue Xuebao 西南民族大学学报 (Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities), 2007, (4): 1–11     

革命与生意——以辛亥革命时期的上海为例

From 1911 to 1913, in big streets and small lanes, in famous parks and thriving stores, and in tea houses and grand restaurants located in such cities as Shanghai, Nanjing, Beijing and Wuchang, numerous business opportunities were born out of the Revolution of 1911. By using the political giants and military leaders around Shanghai, business firms skillfully dealt with the difficulties of the continually changing political situation and managed to keep their businesses afloat, succeeding in their response to the consumption demands of the public. It can be argued that the Revolution of 1911 played a distinct role in the development of businesses in Shanghai during that time. __________ Translated by Zhong Chen from Shilin 史林 (Historical Review), 2008, (3): 137–150     

宋代的宗族祠堂、祭祀及其它

The Song Dynasty is the most important period in Chinese history in terms of the establishment of a new type of clan system. During the Song, Chinese social organization, at the grass-roots level, experienced a fundamental change. In the wake of the late-Tang collapse of the local power system, it was necessary for the Song to replace the ancestral lineage structure and develop a new system to adapt itself to the new circumstances brought on by drastic changes in its economy. Song Confucians played a vital part in the changes. Not only did they gradually solve the theoretical problems of the new type of clan organization, but they also developed many feasible and standard models. Eventually this model would gain even wider acceptance after the Yuan Dynasty with the rise of Neo-Confucianism. Thus, ancestral halls, serving as the major centers for the new clan activities, became prevalent among common people. Translated from Anhui Shifan Daxue Xuebao 安徽师范大学学报 (Journal of Anhui Normal University), 2006, (3): 322–327 This paper is part of a National Social Science Fund project, Research on Chinese Folklore History (Song and Yuan Volume, You Biao, ed.)     

An inquiry into the causes for the multiple goals of the United States Antitrust Law from a historical perspective

It is not the case as Robert Bork claims that the U. S. antitrust law had only one goal—maximization of consumer welfare of efficiency—at the very beginning and should have been kept that way for its later development. Partly because of the fighting among different interest groups as well as spokesmen of different regions at the 51st Congress, the Sherman Antitrust Act came out as a legislation with multiple goals, which were also taking shape under the influence of the Republican idea of balance of power, the liberal belief in property rights, the freedom of contract of classic economics, and the price theory of neoclassic economics. In more than a hundred years after that, the U.S. antitrust law has shifted the center of its goals as a result of the change of regulatory regimes with different emphases such as market function, economic stabilization, social concern, and economic efficiency during different periods. From a historical perspective, it is beyond dispute that the U.S. antitrust law has had multiple goals instead of only one. __________ Translated from: Shixue Yuekan 史学月刊 (Journal of Historical Science), No.6, 2004