唐铁牛与蒲津桥

唐开元八大铁牛,属国家珍贵文物,久埋于蒲州古城西门外,黄河古道淤泥之中。历史上曾几度觅找挖掘,都没能够发现。1959年,山西省文管会用科学仪器勘探过,也未找到踪迹。为贯彻文物保护法,于1988年1月开始,查阅资料,走访群众,再次发掘黄河古道两岸的铁牛。到1989年7月31日至8月7日,将黄河古道东岸的四尊铁牛及所属文物铁山、铁人、铁柱等全部发掘出土。     

唐牛的哀怨

铸造于唐开元十二年的蒲津桥东岸的镇河铁牛,1989年8月在永济市蒲州古城西门外出土以来,有关方面虽然设想了许多保护措施,但效果难见。如今铁牛己被离地升高,     

蒲津大浮桥新探

蒲津桥是历史时期黄河上最早的桥梁,从春秋至明初,历1900余年,屡建屡毁。用于固定蒲津桥桥身的唐开元铁牛是中国现存较早的大型铸件,历时千余年至民国时才湮没于地下。这些中国古代桥梁史和冶金史上的杰作,是中国古代劳动人民智慧的结晶,整理研究这一历史文化遗产,对我国桥梁、冶金、航运、工程、文物、旅游等都有一定的现实意义。陆敬严先生早在《自然科学史研究》1985年第4卷第1期上,就发表了《蒲津大浮桥考》一文（下称陆文）,对蒲津桥有所研究,由于受材料所限,研究并不很深入。随着1989年蒲津桥东岸唐铁牛等一批重要材料的出…     

论唐开元铁牛的文物价值

在山西省永济市蒲津渡遗址出土的唐开元铁牛,是华夏文明成就的又一重大发现,其年代之久、规模之大、造型之美,与国内外同类文物相比均属空前,文物价值巨大,堪称稀世国宝。本文着重从桥梁建筑、冶金铸造、雕塑艺术三个方面对铁牛的重要文物价值进行论述。     

文化魅力浓厚的蒲津渡铁牛群

正蒲津渡位于黄河中游金三角地带,自古以来就是黄河最繁忙、最重要的渡口之一,是连接晋陕两省的要冲,位置十分重要。1989年9月,在今黄河东岸的永济市古蒲津渡口发掘出震惊世界的铁牛群。这一发现,为我们研究唐代的政治、经济、文化、科技、艺术提供了形象生动又十分珍贵的实物。     

黄河老牛湾冬日美景

冬日的黄河老牛湾,冰封的河水,洁白的山脊和沉寂的黄土高原,构成了另一种美丽景象。黄河老牛湾位于山西省和内蒙古的交界处,以黄河为界,南依山西的偏关县,北岸是内蒙古的清水河县,西邻鄂尔多斯高原的准格尔旗。我国黄土高原沧桑的地貌特征在这里彰显,高耸、挺拔的蛮汉山在这里形成险峻的黄河峡谷,蜿蜒于陡峭山崖上的明长城在这里与黄河交汇,以及坐落于黄河大峡谷悬崖峭壁上的明代老牛湾古堡,使老牛湾成为黄河九十九道弯中最神奇、美丽的地方之一。     

黄河岸边 云间城开 后城咀石城的发现与发掘

<正>黄河远上白云间,一片孤城万仞山。九曲黄河蜿蜒流淌,一路奔袭冲刷出多少古老的历史。这条被称为母亲河的大河两岸古往今来留下了不计其数的古城、关隘,以及烽烟四起的战场。饱经风霜的河谷沟壑纵横,诉说着黄河两岸先民艰难不屈的历史。内蒙古清水河县后城咀石城就默默伫立在南流黄河东岸约20公里外的浑河（黄河二级支流）北岸。通过临河陡峭的绝壁和绝壁下滔滔的河水,可以想象4000多年前这座万仞孤城绝壁伫立的恢弘气魄。4000年的沧桑巨变,     

广角

黄河老牛湾冬日美景冬日的黄河老牛湾,冰封的河水,洁白的山脊和沉寂的黄土高原,构成了另一种美丽景象。黄河老牛湾位于山西省和内蒙古的交界处,以黄河为界,南依山西的偏关县,北岸是内蒙古的清水河县,西邻鄂尔多斯高原的准格尔旗。我国黄土高原沧桑的地貌特征在这里彰显,高耸、挺拔的蛮汉山在这里形成险峻的黄河峡谷,蜿蜒于陡峭山崖上的明长城在这里与黄河交汇,以及坐落于黄河大峡谷悬崖峭壁上的明代老牛湾古堡,使老牛湾成为黄河九十九道弯中最神奇、美丽的地方之一。     

梧州八大名建筑

白鹤观,广西著名道观,自治区级文物保护单位。位于梧州城西的白鹤山东南麓,故名白鹤观。占地面积3000多平方米。始建于唐开元年间中期（公元725年前后）。唐咸通年间中期（公元867年前后）,翰林承旨学士郑畋被谪为苍梧太守时重修。由门楼、前殿、后殿组成。正门肃穆壮丽,门楼上首有“白鹤观”3个大字,门联为“白云浮万古,鹤观奉三清。”正门前一对石柱联云：“帝位乎坎济乎离功参造化,     

朱德总司令和陈毅同志在濮阳

河南省濮阳县,历史上为澶州,位于黄河北岸,是南北交通要冲,古代兵家相争之地,著名的晋文楚庄之战和宋辽的澶渊会盟均在此间。在革命战争年代,这里属冀鲁豫根据地,刘邓、陈粟大军纵横弛骋,与濮阳     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the