试论档案工作中的保密问题

从总体上讲,档案库房应按照国家有关规定单独兴建,但是有一些不具备条件的单位,往往将库房附设在机关办公楼内.应注意的是,不是任何一间办公室都可以用作库房的.从档案保密的角度来看,不宜将库房设在办公楼的最底层,库房门窗等应专门加固,以防盗窃;还应尽量做到库房与办公室分开,库房与阅览室分开.档案库房应指定专人负责管理,制定严格的库房管理制度,无关人员一律禁止入内.实践证明,档案库房的科学管理,是做好档案保密、维护档案安全的基本保障.     

档案馆库房温湿度对档案寿命影响

近年来研究发现,环境因素对档案寿命的影响非常大,尤其是档案库房的温湿度长期失控,会降低档案的寿命,严重的会造成档案损毁。因此,科学调节档案馆库房的温湿度,加强档案保护,延长档案的寿命,是档案馆一项重要而长期的工作,也是档案工作者不可推卸的责任。     

浅议档案保管的保密工作

<正>一、档案库日常管理中的保密事项在有条件的地区和单位,档案库房应按照国家有关规定单独兴建,但是有一些不具备条件的单位,往往将库房附设在机关办公楼内。应注意的是,不是任何一间办公室都可以用作库房的,从档案保密的角度来看,不宜将库房设在办公楼的最底层,库房门窗等应专门加固,以防盗窃。还应尽量做到库房与办公室分开,库房与阅览室分开。档案库房应指定专人负责管理,制定严格的库房管理     

试论档案工作中的保密问题

一、档案库房管理中的保密工作 （一）档案的库房管理是档案保密的重点 从总体上讲,档案库房应按照国家有关规定单独兴建,但是有一些不具备条件的单位,往往将库房附设在机关办公楼内。应注意的是,不是任何一间办公室都可以用作库房的,从档案保密的角度来看,不宜将库房设在办公楼的最底层,     

档案库房职业危害及其防治

档案库房职业危害主要来自于空气污染,本文分析了档案库房空气污染的主要来源以及对人体健康的影响,并从改善档案库房空气质量和制定人性化工作制度两方面提出了具体防治措施。     

浅谈档案工作中的保密问题

<正>一、做好档案保管过程中的保密工作(一)档案库房管理中的保密工作档案的库房管理是档寒保密的重点。从总体上讲,档案库房应按照国家有关规定单独兴建,但是有一些不具备条件的单位,往往将库房附设在机关办公楼内。应注意的是,不是     

档案保密工作浅析

保密工作是档案管理的重点之一,本文就在档案管理中的保密事宜,如档案库房的管理、绝密档案的管理以及档案的开放等相关工作提出了具体措施。     

试论档案保管中的保密工作

档案库房的科学管理,是做好档案保密、维护档案安全的基本保障。为确保国家核心秘密的安全,必须管理好绝密档案。根据工作的需要准确地判定档案的保管期限。     

关于做好档案保密工作的几点思考

档案工作涉及到档案的多方面管理,其中档案保密是档案工作的一项重要内容。做好档案的保密工作需要对档案进行分类,明确不同类别档案的保密期限,从强化档案工作人员责任意识、加强库房管理、优化档案分类等方面来保障档案保密工作。     

如何做好档案使用中的保密措施

档案的库房管理和监督工作是做好档案保密工作的前提条件,掌握和遵循档案保管利用过程中的保密原则和方法是做好档案管理的根本所在,积极做好档案保密工作是保证档案在保管利用过程中完整、安全的根本目的。在档案利用的同时,还要注意档案的保密工作,这已经成为档案部门必须高度重视的问题。     

上海鲁迅纪念馆舒适性中央空调湿度控制的改造

当今博物馆纪念馆陈列展厅有大量的文物展示,需要有恒温恒湿的环境加以保护。而现今许多博物馆已有空调,温度达到恒温,但是湿度难以控制,分析原因是因为空调设备的选型是舒适性中央空调,而舒适性中央空调调节温湿度以人体舒适为标准,在有些客观条件下,不能有效地控制湿度。为了利用现有的设备达到恒湿的效果,可以根据现存的能力和条件将原有的空调系统加以改造,改造的方法是将新风进行初步的除湿处理,再通过原空调箱将新回风进行降温降湿处理,从而达到控制湿度目的。上海鲁迅纪念馆的空调系统通过改造后,基本能达到一定的温湿度要求。因此,本方法对于一些采用舒适性中央空调且在控制湿度变化上存在困难的博物馆纪念馆进行改造,具有借鉴意义。     

用示踪气体法检测文物展柜换气率技术研究

摘要文物展柜为文物的展示和保存提供了一个相对独立的空间,展柜密封度的高低影响着展柜内微环境调控的效果。为评价文物展柜的密封度,用示踪气体法检测展柜换气率,从检测便捷、安全和实验数据可靠角度分析比较了二氧化碳和乙烯的实验结果。结果显示,两种示踪气体均可用于检测展柜的密封度。其中,二氧化碳气体检测法比较方便,但其密度较大,易于沉降,检测结果偏低。环境湿度对二氧化碳示踪气体法检测的结果有一定影响。应用二氧化碳示踪气体法测试了多种展柜的换气率表明,各展柜的密封度有较大差别,每天换气率从0.1次到37次不等。检测结果提示,二氧化碳示踪气体法为评价展柜的密封度提供了一个简便易行的方法。     

Climate change and our heritage of low carbon comfort

This paper examines the viability of maintaining a heritage of low carbon comfort as an alternative to the energy intensive comfort regime of mechanical air conditioning. In many parts of the world, the carbon footprint of buildings is increasing significantly due to the widespread adoption of air conditioning. Current trends around indoor comfort are unsustainable, and alternative, less energy intensive comfort regimes need to be maintained or cultivated. To date, studies on this topic in heritage and preservation studies have focused on the architectural designs of ‘passive cooling’. This paper seeks to expand this conceptualisation of ‘cool living heritage’ to incorporate other forms of material culture and comfort practice.     

Contribution of numerical modelling of environmental parameters to the conservation of prehistoric cave paintings: the example of Lascaux Cave

Abstract

This study of Lascaux Cave consisted of simulating the evolution of changes in the levels of temperature and humidity both in the air and in the rock. By choosing different models (one-dimensional, three-dimensional, etc.), it was possible to calculate the required variables (temperature, moisture levels, speeds, etc.) at all points inside the cave, to locate zones of high water vapour concentration and to understand the nature of the airflow. The simulations described here provide the first general data on the airflow within the cave and its hygrothermic behaviour. The temperature fields result from natural convection phenomena, which are influenced by the climate outside the cave. From the point of view of air dynamics, we can observe the presence of an overall airflow that starts in the Machine Room (containing the air conditioning system installed in 1958), runs along the ground to the end of each of the branches of the cave, and returns along the cave vault to its starting point. This slow-moving phenomenon suggests the possibility of passive control of the ambient air from the Machine Room. There are localized risk areas where condensation of water vapour can occur, resulting in rapid deterioration of the limestone. Several of these areas are therefore monitored using condensation indicators placed on the cave walls or by visual observation of painted areas. The higher air speeds detected in some areas of the cave result in decay of the prehistoric paintings. The numerical modelling results, confirmed by observations and measurements in situ, should be taken into consideration when managing the conditions within the cave.     

博物馆文物环境用甲醛净化材料评价方法研究

博物馆文物环境因装饰材料所致甲醛污染以及由此产生对文物危害问题已被普遍关注.为了评价净化材料实际使用中对污染物去除净化能力,搭建了静态试验舱,建立了该环境中甲醛的定量分析方法.研究了甲醛溶液法和人造板散发法两种产生甲醛气体的方法,以及吸附材料不同加入方法等对净化材料评价结果的影响,研究试验舱内甲醛浓度随时间的变化规律,建立了净化材料脱附量检测方法,分别测定了活性炭和三种壳聚糖基净化材料的净化效果.结果表明,用人造板散发法产生甲醛气体方法能用于甲醛净化材料的评价,得到净化率指标反映了净化材料在实际文物环境中的应用效果,脱附量指标能直观比对和反映净化材料对污染物的吸附稳定性.     

The neurophysiological aspects of Pavlov's theory of higher nervous activity: in honor of the 150th anniversary of Pavlov's birth

Whereas Ivan P. Pavlov (1849-1936) is well-known for his work on classical conditioning, his contribution to neuroscience, particularly his interest in the function of neural centers in the central nervous system, is not as widely known. During the last three decades of his life, Pavlov explored cortical processes by salivary reflex conditioning, a method he used to develop his theory of higher nervous activity. This theory outlined the function of the brain in higher organisms in their interaction with the changing environmental contingencies. As early as 1908, Pavlov outlined a neurophysiological theory as the physiological basis of his theory of higher nervous activity. He maintained that the neural processes of excitation and inhibition irradiate and concentrate among the cortical neural centers. Most of all, he emphasized the plasticity of the cortex in higher organisms' in the Darwinian struggle for existence.     

The writing is on the wall: the text(ure) of women's toilets in Australia

This article is about public toilets for women. Drawing on data provided by the textual material posted in women's toilets in Victoria, Australia, it is argued that in western nations, toilets represent more than instrumental facilities for the disposal of waste products. Because they also serve as repositories of social anxieties about bodies, gender, cultural and religious differences and health/death, public toilets are sites used to order the disorder of women's bodies and activities. Cultural intolerances have problematised differences in ablution practices and ‘correct’ toilet behaviours are frequently prescribed. As unique examples in the west of cultural and gendered practice, women's toilets offer rich material on the discipline and meaning of gendered space in a range of different environmental settings.     

Exploring the associations between cooling centre accessibility and marginalization in Montreal,Toronto, and Vancouver,Canada

Cooling centres provide respite, safety, and social support during extreme heat events for populations that do not have the resources to own or operate in-home air conditioning. The objective of this study was to measure the spatial accessibility of cooling centres and analyze the associations between cooling centre access and marginalization in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver, Canada. The potential spatial accessibility of cooling centres within a 15-minute walk was measured at the dissemination area scale using the two-step floating catchment area method. A two-stage modelling approach was used to analyze the associations between cooling centre access and marginalization. Approximately 62%, 58%, and 54% of the populations in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver had access to at least one cooling centre. In Montreal and Vancouver, high marginalization areas were more likely to have cooling centre access than low marginalization areas. Of the areas with cooling centre access, smaller access scores were observed in areas with high residential instability. Approximately one-fifth of the areas in each city had no cooling centre access and high marginalization, and may be considered for future cooling centres or programs that improve accessibility to existing centres.     

基于环境监测的三星堆遗址祭祀坑考古现场预防性保护

目前考古现场保护主要以应急保护技术与临时加固材料的研究和应用为主,而关于考古现场预防性保护少有报道。本次三星堆遗址祭祀坑发掘保护构建了由考古舱、考古舱环境调控系统、空气质量监测系统、土遗址监测系统、区域气象站、预防性保护措施、监测信息智能管理平台组成的预防性保护体系。发掘前,通过土遗址监测系统和区域气象站获取文物埋藏环境信息和区域气象信息,为考古舱内环境设置提供了依据。发掘过程中,采取舱内温湿度调控、保湿、空气杀菌净化、控制舱内人数与新风换气等预防性保护措施,达到控制考古舱温湿度、减少细菌和真菌总数、降低舱内CO_(2)浓度,减缓象牙等文物失水速度的目的,有效控制了出土文物开裂、酥粉、霉菌暴发等病害发生,为考古发掘与保护赢得了时间。三星堆祭祀坑考古现场预防性保护的创新探索与实践为以后重要遗址的现场保护指引了方向、提供了可借鉴经验。     

The Neurophysiological Aspects of Pavlov’s Theory of Higher Nervous Activity: In Honor of the 150th Anniversary of Pavlov’s Birth

Whereas Ivan P. Pavlov (1849-1936) is well-known for his work on classical conditioning, his contribution to neuroscience, particularly his interest in the function of neural centers in the central nervous system, is not as widely known. During the last three decades of his life, Pavlov explored cortical processes by salivary reflex conditioning, a method he used to develop his theory of higher nervous activity. This theory outlined the function of the brain in higher organisms in their interaction with the changing environmental contingencies. As early as 1908, Pavlov outlined a neurophysiological theory as the physiological basis of his theory of higher nervous activity. He maintained that the neural processes of excitation and inhibition irradiate and concentrate among the cortical neural centers. Most of all, he emphasized the plasticity of the cortex in higher organisms’ in the Darwinian struggle for existence.