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CLARE CUSHMAN 《Journal of Supreme Court History》2007,32(3):282-296
When Samuel Alito took his seat on January 31, 2006, Stephen G. Breyer finally moved up a rung in seniority, ending the longest reign as a junior Justice in modern Supreme Court history. Breyer served as the rookie Justice for eleven years and 181 days, just twenty-nine days short of breaking the record achieved by Joseph Story in 1823. It was not until the appointment of Smith Thompson to replace Brockholst Livingston that the Marshall Court accommodated a new Justice, altering the cosy boarding-house living arrangement that had existed for nearly twelve years (see Table 1 ). Table 1. Longest-Serving Junior Justices
Name | Dates as Junior Justice* | Time Served | Days |
---|---|---|---|
Joseph Story | February 3, 1812 to September 1, 1823 | 11 years, 6 months, 29 days | 4,228 |
Stephen G. Breyer | August 3, 1994 to January 31, 2006 | 11 years, 5 months, 28 days | 4,199 |
Stephen J. Field | May 20, 1863 to March 14, 1870 | 6 years, 9 months, 25 days | |
Samuel Blatchford | April 3, 1882 to January 18, 1888 | 5 years, 9 months, 15 days | |
John Paul Stevens | December 19, 1975 to September 25, 1981 | 5 years, 9 months, 6 days |
- *Defined as the period between when one Associate Justice took the judicial oath and when the next Associate Justice took the judicial oath. The exact date of Story's judicial oath is not known. Source: Office of the Curator, Supreme Court of the United States.
Volume 32 , Issue 3 November 2007
Pages 282-296 相似文献
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Fabíola Andréa Silva 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2008,15(3):217-265
This article presents some of the results of ethnoarchaeological research on ceramic technology I have conducted among the
Asurini do Xingu, an Amazonian indigenous population inhabiting a village in the margins of the Xingu River, Pará, Brazil. Based on collected data, presented throughout the article, I discuss the reasons behind the formal, quantitative,
spatial and relational variability of the Asurini ceramic vessels. This work will demonstrate that these distinct dimensions of variability are related to the potters’ technological
choices during the vessels’ production process, the ceramic teaching-learning structure, and the type, frequency, method and
context of use of the same vessels. I try to make clear the different practical and symbolic aspects that may influence the
production, use, reuse, storage and discard processes of the vessels. Furthermore, I compare the Asurini context with other ethnographic contexts and try to distinguish regularities that may serve as interpretative references
to the study of archaeological ceramic assemblages.
相似文献
Fabíola Andréa SilvaEmail: |
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Nan A. Rothschild 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2006,10(1):72-107
A comparison of two seventeenth-century colonial encounters in North America, examining the Pueblo–Spanish interaction in New Mexico and the Mohawk–Dutch situation in New York. I focus on material culture flows, the role of women, forms of labor that were extracted in each setting and how each of these contributed to power relations and identity construction.
相似文献
Nan A. RothschildEmail: |
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R. Alexander Bentley 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2006,13(3):135-187
Strontium isotope analysis of archaeological skeletons has provided useful and exciting results in archaeology in the last 20 years, particularly by characterizing past human migration and mobility. This review covers the biogeochemical background, including the origin of strontium isotope compositions in rocks, weathering and hydrologic cycles that transport strontium, and biopurification of strontium from to soils, to plants, to animals and finally into the human skeleton, which is subject to diagenesis after burial. Spatial heterogeneity and mixing relations must often be accounted for, rather than simply ``matching' a measured strontium isotope value to a presumed single-valued geologic source. The successes, limitations and future potential of the strontium isotope technique are illustrated through case studies from geochemistry, biogeochemistry, ecology and archaeology.
相似文献
R. Alexander BentleyEmail: |
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Jeffrey R. Ferguson 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2008,15(1):51-67
Archaeologists frequently underestimate the importance of children as well as craft skill acquisition in the formation of
archaeological assemblages. Perhaps even more often they conflate the terms “novice” and “child” in ways that oversimplify
the factors that are involved in incorporating new producers into craft production. In particular, the skill acquisition involved
in stone tool production is influenced by a variety of factors, including danger, raw material value, raw material availability,
and raw material recyclability, as well as a variety of social factors. This paper examines the influence of each of these
factors and also suggests patterns useful in recognizing and distinguishing between novices and children in the archaeological
record.
相似文献
Jeffrey R. FergusonEmail: |
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Linda R. Manzanilla 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2017,9(1):133-140
In this chapter, the issue of how the huge multiethnic metropolis of Teotihuacan was fed will be addressed reassessing data from four different contexts:
My extensive excavation project at the multifamily apartment compound of Oztoyahualco 15B:N6W3 (1985–1988) provides the primary dataset to address the first context; there, the faunal and floral remains relate directly to food preparation and consumption, as well as fuel provisioning, manufacture, and domestic ritual. My project at the multiethnic neighborhood center of Teopancazco (1997–2005) addresses the complexity of multiethnic relations established through caravans linking Teotihuacan with allied sites along the corridor towards the Nautla region of the Gulf Coast of Veracruz. Foreign fauna, as well as cotton and other raw materials and products, arrived to Teotihuacan through these caravans, together with migrant specialized craftsmen/women. The third context will be addressed through my excavations in Xalla, a huge palatial complex to the north of the Pyramid of the Sun, where the ruling elite participated in ceremonial and sacrificial activities. The fourth context will only be mentioned briefly and is related to the excavations in the main monumental structures, where faunal and floral remains were associated with consecration rituals, as well as those found in the fill of these structures. 相似文献
- 1.The apartment compounds where people dwelled
- 2.The neighborhood centers where many people of different origins worked
- 3.The palatial structures of the ruling elite
- 4.The rituals inside the main pyramids
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J. D. Lewis-Williams 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2006,13(4):341-375
Southern African rock art research has progressed from an essentially denigrating social and political milieu, through an
empiricist period, to contemporary social and historical approaches. Empiricism, once thought to be the salvation of southern
African rock art research, was a theoretically and methodologically flawed enterprise. Attempts to see the art through an
emic perspective facilitated by copious nineteenth- and twentieth-century San ethnography is a more useful approach. It began
briefly, but was then abandoned, in the nineteenth century. Today, diverse theoretical and methodological approaches are being
constructed on an ethnographic foundation. The centrality of the San in South African national identity has been recognized.
相似文献
J. D. Lewis-WilliamsEmail: |
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Das Projekt "Europa-Fit" unterstützt
kleinere Unternehmen aus den Ziel-2-Gebieten in
Nordrhein-Westfalen bei der Erschließung neuer Absatz-,
Beschaffungs- und Kooperationsmöglichkeiten innerhalb der
Europäischen Union. Durch Beratung, Qualifizierung und Coaching
werden ausgewählte Kleinbetriebe auf ihrem Weg in den
EU-Binnenmarkt individuell begleitet. Zur Bedarfsermittlung und
Auswahl geeigneter Betriebe wurde im Vorfeld von den
Partnerorganisationen—dem Rationalisierungs- und
Innovationszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen e.V. (RKW NRW), der
Landesgewerbeförderungsstelle des nordrhein-westfälischen
Handwerks e.V. (LGH) und dem Zentrum für Innovation und Technik
in Nordrhein- Westfalen GmbH (ZENIT)—im November 2001 eine
schriftliche Unternehmensbefragung von kleineren Unternehmen bis
ca. 70 Mitarbeitern durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse dieser
Befragung sollen in dem folgenden Artikel zusammenfassend
dargestellt werden. Den Abschluß bildet ein kurzer Abriss der
ersten Erfahrungen, die im Projekt Europa-Fit gemacht
wurden.
相似文献
Juan-J. Carmona-SchneiderEmail: |
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How to Make an Unfired Clay Cooking Pot: Understanding the Technological Choices Made by Arctic Potters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Karen G. Harry Lisa Frink Brendan O’Toole Andreas Charest 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2009,16(1):33-50
Between about 500 a.d. and the late nineteenth century, clay cooking pots associated with the Thule culture were produced in the Arctic region.
Ethnographic and archaeological records indicate that these vessels were typically underfired (often even unfired), highly
porous, and easily broken. Despite these characteristics, the evidence indicates that they were used to heat water over open
fires. In this paper, we examine how Arctic potters were able to produce unsintered vessels capable of holding liquids without
disintegrating. We conclude that the application of seal oil and seal blood to the pot’s surface was the key to their success.
相似文献
Karen G. HarryEmail: |
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Julie Satchell 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2008,3(2):103-118
This paper examines the work of the Hampshire and Wight Trust for Maritime Archaeology (HWTMA) in developing informal education
approaches and initiatives. It introduces the aims and ethos of the HWTMA which focuses on embedding education and learning
into all aspects of its work, before exploring ways in which its fieldwork and research programme are utilised to help deliver
a range of educational opportunities to a diverse range of groups and individuals. There is a review of the possibilities
for skill development through practical involvement which is illustrated with case study examples, followed by discussion
of broader approaches, including publications, talks and exhibits. This review underpins discussion of a recent project ‘Maritime
Archaeology Access and Learning Workshops’ which aimed to ‘educate the educators’, and has demonstrated the potential for
this approach to make a significant contribution to increasing the profile of maritime archaeology within informal learning
frameworks. The paper concludes by reviewing the experience of these regionally-based initiatives in relation to the expansion
of maritime archaeology within the UK and suggests ways that lessons learned could be drawn upon in the development of emerging
national approaches.
相似文献
Julie SatchellEmail: URL: www.hwtma.org.uk |
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Ericka Engelstad 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2007,14(3):217-234
Numerous publications on gender archaeology present case studies that incorporate gender in their analyses, but make little
use of feminist theory and critique, and are ambivalent or negative to feminism. Aspects of Norwegian, British and American
gender archaeology are discussed in relation to a desire for the ‘mainstream.’ The reasons for, and consequences of, a lack
of feminist theorizing and engagement are related to Donna Haraway’s concept of situated knowledges.
相似文献
Ericka EngelstadEmail: |
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Tim Murray 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2006,10(4):291-298
The research reported in this special issue details research undertaken at the site of Casselden Place in Melbourne, Australia.
In addition to providing specific information about this site, this collaborative effort demonstrates how the theory and practice
of the archaeology of the modern city has developed and matured.
相似文献
Tim MurrayEmail: |
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William H. Walker Michael Brian Schiffer 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2006,13(2):67-88
This paper explores the materiality of social power relationally through study of social interactions with artifacts. Specifically, it is argued that acquisition of an artifact instantiates social power by imposing interactions on groups taking part in that artifact's life-history activities. We introduce the “performance-preference matrix,” an analytic tool for systematically studying the effects of such acquisition events on activity groups. The use of the performance-preference matrix is illustrated through an example: the acquisition of electric-arc lights for lighthouses in the 19th century. Suggestions are offered for analyzing culture-contact situations and for handling singularized artifacts such as heirlooms and monuments.
相似文献
William H. WalkerEmail: |