30年风景，物换星移

2008年,中国的改革开放步入了30年,在历史的长河里,30年只是惊鸿一瞥,但是对于只争朝夕的中国人来说,30年却意味深长。30年,半个花甲,中国从政治挂帅到GDP至上,从落后到崛起,从闭塞到开放,从贫穷到小康……30年,中国的旅游业也经历了从小到大,从弱到强的演变。文革之前,中国旅游事业     

新中国两个30年与中国特色社会主义道路

新中国的60年,以中共十一届三中全会为界可大体分为前后两个30年。如何认识这两个30年的关系,不仅决定着对新中国60年的整体评价,而且影响着对中国特色社会主义道路的认识。两个30年之间虽然存在很大差别,但本质上是社会主义社会两个不同的发展阶段。新中国头30年提供的根本政治前提、雄厚的物质基础、有利的国际条件和正反两方面的经验,为中国特色社会主义道路提供了必要准备。改革开放后30年,我们党在基本理论、政治体制、经济体制、意识形态工作、国际战略等等一系列重大问题上,实现了对前30年的巨大超越。后30年是对前30年的完善和发展,两个30年共同促进了中国特色社会主义道路的形成。离开其中任何一个30年,这条道路都不可能是完整的。     

30年集体记忆

过去的30年是中国发展速度最快、改革成果最多的30年,也是变动最大的30年.30年里,有太多的细节值得我们回忆与珍藏。这些极有代表性的人和事,见证了中国30年的岁月巨变,塑造了"76"一代人的价值观念和行为方式,而成为一个时代的缩影、我们的集体记忆。     

宝钢：中国现代钢铁工业的新模式（一）

正新中国的历史,以1978年改革开放来划分,到2009年,正好可以分为前30年和后30年。前30年,中国现代钢铁工业基本上是从无到有、从小到大(1949年中国生产钢15.8万吨),毛主席、周总理亲自领导、亲自策划中国钢铁工业的发展大计,但是受当时的条件限制,想多生产钢也多不了。前30年结束时的1978年,中国钢产量才     

河山见证30年

30年,现代风景名胜区建立,制度保护国土精华;30年,生态保护成为国策,名山大川重放光彩;30年,世界遗产接轨国际,共同守护人类瑰宝;30年,大众旅游飞速发展,全民共享观光休闲……"武夷山"展示了中国名山大川的光彩重生;"伐出来的风景名胜区"九寨沟是中国生态保护的一个缩影;历经生死循环的平遥古城是中国保护文化遗产的代表;"当代徐霞客"谢凝高的故事,喻示着这是一个人人都能成为英雄的时代。改革开放30年,对中国的风景名胜区事业、旅游业和世界遗产管理都具有开创性意义。一花一世界。我们以30年的时间为坐标,分"山、水、人、城"四个篇章,展示中国风景名胜的沧桑巨变。     

卷首语

今年是改革开放30年,也是真理标准讨论30年。回望30年前,一篇《实践是检验真理的唯一标准》的文章,催生了当代中国第一次思想解放运动,继而拉开了中国改革开放的大幕。本期"史海纵横"栏目《〈实践是检验真理的     

政治体制改革的历史与现状

中国的改革已经进行了30余年,经济改革取得了公认的成就,但30年来政治体制改革怎么样,则需要回顾、总结,这个问题关系到中国未来的发展。     

什么样的风景最美丽？

2012年的最后一期杂志,我们特别奉上一组特大的精彩重磅专辑,全面呈现最美丽的浙江风景。 2012年是国家设立风景名胜区30周年。从国务院1982年公布第一批国家级风景名胜区到现在,30年的时光已经悄然过去。作为中国唯一以＂风景名胜＂为刊名的杂志,浙江省住房与城乡建设厅、中国风景名胜区协会和我们一道,推出了“30年中国最美风景”之“浙江最美”大型推选活动。     

一个左派诗人的回忆录

柏桦有一段话非常准确地概括了中国当代诗歌近30年的发展:"中国当代诗歌自1978年肇始至今有30年了,在这30年的时间里,诗歌风水可谓变动不居而又高潮迭起,先是北京‘今天派’以其英雄之姿隆重登场(1978-1985);     

建党亲历者的回忆

90年前,在中国大地上,悄然飘起一面红旗,它照亮了黑暗的夜空,给苦难的工农大众带来希望,给垂危的中华民族带来希望,同时也引来内外反动派的惊恐、忌恨和剿杀。于是,有了30年革命与反革命的生死搏斗,宣告了新中国的诞生;有了30年革命与建设的艰难探索,从曲折走向开创;有了30年改革开放的凯歌行进,中华民族正实现伟大复兴。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.