Characteristics and frequency of occurrence of Trimpi events recorded during 1982 at Sanae,Antarctica

‘Trimpi’ amplitude perturbations on VLF signals received at Sanae, Antarctica, have been identified using a new computerised technique. Our survey of 1982 data, taken during magnetically disturbed times, shows that events of short duration (<25 s) constitute 60% of all events detected and that all events found are amplitude attenuations with deviations from quiescent levels ranging up to 90%. It is unusual, at Sanae, to observe the causative whistler with a Trimpi event. This, together with further evidence from Trimpi occurrence statistics, may suggest that the gyroresonant interactions responsible for some of the events occur with non-ducted whistler mode waves. A method for estimating the extent of the precipitation region is presented.     

论巴西军人政权时期的技术专家

在巴西军政权中,存在着军人和技术专家的联盟。军人在政治决策中起着关键的作用,技术专家在制定经济发展政策时扮演着关键的角色。技术专家的兴起主要是由于巴西政府基本政策优先顺序的转变、平行官僚机构的迅速增长、以及实现行政改革的长期努力使得精英集团内部发生的变化。在经济观点上,技术专家主张注重积累,抑制分配的“生产主义”。     

历史时期江苏古海塘的修筑及演变

历史时期 ,江苏沿海先民十分重视海塘的修筑。唐宋以前 ,古海塘主要分布在海州湾一带。唐代 ,李承在东冈砂堤上修造了常丰堰。宋代 ,范仲淹又在常丰堰的基础上修筑了范公堤。其后 ,海堤又经多次修筑 ,形成了一道北起庙湾 ,南至吕四的巨大抗潮屏障。江苏古海堤的修筑 ,不但促进了沿海开发 ,而且对现今海堤的修建也具有重要的参考价值。     

甘肃地区先秦时期的文化交流与融合

甘肃与新疆、内蒙、宁夏和陕西北部等地区接壤,沿着这一地区自西向东向西前进,历来是沟通中原与北方民族文化以及西方文化的传播通道。在距今4000年左右直至汉代,甘肃地区一直呈现出与不同文化圈之间相互交流、相互融合的现象,使甘肃本土文化表现出多元文化的特征,为汉代以后东西方之间大规模的政治、经济、文化交流奠定了坚实的基础。     

析“春秋笔法”在《国语》中的具体运用

关于《国语》的研究,学界一直集中在讨论其作者和成书的问题。近年来,对《国语》文学成就的评价有些进展,但几乎没有文章涉及其著书笔法问题。本文拟从史家的本体意识及著史笔法传统着手,分析古已有之的“春秋笔法”在《国语》中的具体运用。     

中共创建时期党内的几次争论

中国革命有着自己的特点,这在创建时期党内的几场争论中大都有所反映.然而从这些争论的结果来看,对中国革命的一些基本问题,党显然还没有形成统一的明确认识.这使得中共对于理论准备不足情况下,怎样建设马克思主义的政党,以及在非无产阶级群体中,如何建成工人阶级的先锋队,这两大与生俱来问题的解决大大地延误了.     

Shape Reproducibility and architectural symmetry during the Chalcolithic period in the southern Levant

Architecture reflects social aspects of past communities. Structure attributes such as shape, size, building material and decoration, provide valuable information beyond their immediate structural function. However, while attributes such as size can be measured and therefore objectively compared between structures, the comparison of shape between structures is based on subjective observations. In the current study we use two quantification methods for analyzing prehistoric shape-based architectural data: (1) we developed a new method, Shape Reproducibility (SR), based on objective computerized procedure for analyzing the similarity and difference between shapes of ancient buildings; and (2) we use Continuous Symmetry Measure (CSM), a method which was originally developed for analyzing flint artifacts and ceramic vessels to objectively compare between shape symmetry. Applying these methods to settlement data of the Chalcolithic period enables quantification of the level of architectural similarity within and between different sites and their comparison to architectural data of later periods, such as the Early Bronze Age II urban center at Arad. Our CSM results suggest that the symmetry of architecture does not increase through time. Our SR findings demonstrate that in the main cultural Chalcolithic entity, the Ghassulian, the architecture of different sites could not be distinguished from one site to the other. In addition, we demonstrate that the architecture of the Chalcolithic sites in the Golan Heights is homogeneous and significantly differs from other Chalcolithic sites, while Ghassulian intra-site variability is higher. In comparison with Arad, however, this variability is relatively low and limited. These results suggest that status differentiation or hierarchical social organization cannot be indicated from Ghassulian architecture.     

Reluctant collaborators: Argentina and Chile in Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year, 1957–58

This paper suggests that Argentine and Chilean participation with the Antarctic section of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957–58 can be characterized as ‘reluctant collaboration.’ It then reflects on the implications of the nature of South American involvement for the history of the Antarctic section of the IGY, especially as it led to the negotiation of the 1959 Antarctic Treaty. During the initial planning stages of the IGY, both Argentina and Chile worried that proposals for widespread scientific research in the Antarctic continent would interfere with their contested claims to political sovereignty in the region. Yet despite their initial skepticism, Argentina and Chile found themselves swept along by the current of international scientific co-operation of the IGY, which persisted into the Antarctic Treaty negotiations of 1959. Within the limited options available, Chile and Argentina were able to negotiate an outcome that was not altogether unfavorable to their political interests. At the same time, their collaboration helped to legitimize both the IGY and the subsequent Antarctic Treaty.     

19世纪末至20世纪30年代中美边疆历史研究比较

19世纪末到 2 0世纪 30年代 ,以佛雷德里克·杰克逊·特纳 (FrederickJacksonTurner )为代表的美国边疆学派与中国的西北边疆史地研究群体 ,在各自的领域内进行学术上的探索和社会现实中的实践 ,都取得了丰硕的成果。两种研究有共同之处 ,又因多种因素的限制而呈现许多不同 ,甚至导致了本质的区别。一、1 9世纪末到 2 0世纪 30年代的中国西北边疆研究1 9世纪末至 2 0世纪 30年代 ,中国的边疆研究出现了新的发展高潮 ,从传统的边疆史地研究向现代边缘学科演进。这一历史现象的出现有着深刻的社会历史背景。( 1 )鸦片战争后 :“经世致用”的…     

五代版印实录与文献记录

五代是继唐代之后于十世纪上半叶出现在我国历史上的一个大动荡、大分裂的时代.五十三年的时间里,北方后梁、后唐、后晋、后汉、后周五代更迭;南方吴、吴越、前蜀、楚、闽、荆南(南平)、后蜀、南唐和北方的北汉十国并存.如果把后梁时期晋、齐、燕,后汉时期的清源,后周时期的武平,以及西北的定难等割据政权也计算在内,那就是十六国先后并立.     

Stable isotope evidence for palaeodiets in southern Turkmenistan during Historical period and Iron Age

The subsistence patterns of Iron Age and Historical period humans from south-western Turkmenistan have been reconstructed using the carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of archaeological faunal and human bones. A qualitative comparison of the isotopic signatures points to a small proportion of ruminant meat and dairy in human diet for both periods. The ranges of proportions of dietary items yielded by a quantitative approach based on concentration dependent mixing models confirm the high proportions of plant food in the average diet, and show little change in the reconstructed diet for both periods. A comparison of results from zooarchaeological and isotopic approaches illustrates their complementarity in subsistence patterns reconstruction.     

十六国时期慕容西燕、后燕几个问题的再探讨

370年,若不是内部的倾轧与腐败,当可与前秦相颉颃的慕容前燕犤2犦为前秦所灭。淝水战后,受到苻坚优待的前燕宗室在隐忍与等待中揭开了前秦土崩瓦解的序幕。他们的复国运动声势浩大,在北部中国掀起了阵阵波澜。学界对他们在复国运动中的表现、特点等却鲜有论及。事实上,他们的复国运动一开始就形成了两股势力的争衡,且与他们强烈的时代焦虑感是联系在一起的。与此同时,他们还表现出强烈的归根情结,而这些都有待进一步的厘清。     

北宋版印实录与文献记录

公元960年元旦,五代后周殿前都点检兼宋州归德军节度使赵匡胤,在陈桥发动兵变,一夜之间黄袍加身,建立了赵宋王朝,是为北宋.     

Wave characteristics in the troposphere and stratosphere over the Indian Tropics during the DYANA period

One of the important scientific objectives of the international DYANA campaign was to obtain the characteristics of planetary scale waves in the low-latitude middle atmosphere. India participated in this campaign by way of launching several rockets and high-altitude balloons from a number of locations to determine the vertical structure of different wave modes present during January–March 1990. Rocket launchings were conducted from two stations, namely Thumba (8.5°N, 77.0°E) with M-100 rockets and Balasore (21.5°N, 87.0°E) with RH-200 rockets, while balloons were launched from three stations, i.e. Trivandrum near Thumba, Minicoy (8.2°N, 73.0° E) and Port Blair (11.7°N, 92.7°E). In addition, there were balloon flights from Hyderabad (17.3°N, 78.3°E) and Bhubaneshwar (20.2°N, 85.5°E). The results of the synoptic scale wave activity as obtained from various data sources are given here.Three prominent peaks with wave periods near 6–8 days (short periods), 10–12 days (medium periods) and 30–45 days (long periods) are found to occur at all the stations. The medium- and long-period waves appear to be forced Rossby modes penetrating from midlatitudes while short period waves all have characteristics matching those of mixed Rossby-gravity waves. A very interesting result is the presence of long-period oscillations in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere, with very large amplitude, contrary to earlier observations.     

Temporal trends in violence during the Mississippian period in the Middle Cumberland Region of Tennessee

This study utilizes a biocultural approach to investigate skeletal evidence for violence among Mississippian communities in the Middle Cumberland Region (MCR) of Tennessee. Bioarchaeological evidence for violence is placed within the local environmental and cultural context in order to better understand temporal trends in regional conflict. Bioarchaeological analyses were conducted on the crania of 599 adult individuals from 13 sites in the MCR. Approximately 7.2 percent of the sample (43/599) showed evidence of violent cranial injuries in the form of scalping, sharp force trauma, and blunt force trauma. While overall trauma frequencies appear to increase during the later Mississippian period, this may reflect a shift in the nature of violence, rather than simply an intensification of intergroup conflict. More fine-grained temporal comparisons are made for samples from the late Mississippian Averbuch site. The variability in the frequencies and types of violence observed within the MCR demonstrates the issues inherent in the reliance on broad generalizations about human behavior in the past and highlights the importance of utilizing both a regional and diachronic approach.     

国民革命时期安徽若干历史问题辨正

国民革命时期,安徽政象复杂,许多史实扑朔迷离,不易厘清。现存史著在重构此段历史时,存在不少史实上的错误,亟待纠正。     

A short note on banana (Musa) phytoliths in Lapita,immediately post-Lapita and modern period archaeological deposits from Vanuatu

We present results of phytolith analysis of deposits from three prehistoric settlement sites in Vanuatu: the small islands of Vao and Uripiv off the north east coast of the main island of Malekula and at Mafilau on the west coast of Epi Island. Samples from Vao Island coarsely encompass the period from Lapita times (c. 3000 BP) to the present. The data from this site suggest deforestation by people, with a decrease in palms and increase in grasses. The data from the three sites show evidence of an introduced cultigen during different prehistoric periods. Banana (Musa) phytoliths were found in one recent Vao layer (500 BP-present) and in Mafilau layers, the latter representing the immediate post-Lapita period (c. 2800–2500 BP). This phytolith type was also found at Uripiv in Lapita layers (c. 3000–2700 BP). Banana phytoliths are diagnostic so their presence in archaeological deposits in Remote Oceania, outside their natural distribution, provides secure evidence of cultivation. This demonstrates the potential of this line of evidence for identifying both the cultigens transported by early colonists and subsequent plant introductions. The data provide the first direct evidence of banana cultivation at a Lapita site in Remote Oceania and support the contention that horticulture was an integral part of the Lapita Cultural Complex.