相聚石柱 共议GIAHS的保护与发展

正金秋时节,第四届全国农业文化遗产学术研讨会于2017年11月6-9日在重庆市久负盛名的"黄连之乡"石柱县召开。会议邀请了历史、民俗、生态等各个领域专家、学者,以及农业遗产有关负责人和地方代表100余人参会,就农业文化遗产动态保护与可持续发展、多方参与机制以及典型案例等进行研讨交流,共同探讨农业文化遗产保护,积极为推进我国农业文化遗产的挖掘和传承建言献策。研讨会开幕式由中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所研究员闵庆     

开展农业文化遗产保护与管理工作的思考与建议

我国拥有丰富的农业文化遗产,但对农业文化遗产保护与管理的重视却是近10年才开始的,相关经验尚不够丰富。文章在介绍相关工作的基础上,首先从经济效益的角度总结了我国农业文化遗产的特点;然后梳理了我国开展GIAHS工作的意义与做法,并分析了当前面临的困难与挑战,进而有针对性地提出下一步工作的思考与建议。研究认为农业文化遗产的保护与管理应注重多方参与,政府应增大扶持力度和政策机制创设;企业应在传承农业文化遗产价值的基础上参与保护与发展,科学研究提供理论支撑,农民参与并受益是关键。     

国内

<正>农业部全球重要农业文化遗产专家委员会成立2014年1月16日,第一届农业部"全球重要农业文化遗产"专家委员会在北京成立。农业部副部长牛盾到会致辞,并向获聘的专家委员颁发聘书。全球重要农业文化遗产,是联合国粮农组织于2002年发起的保护项目,旨在建立全球重要农业文化遗产及其有关的景观、生物多样性、知识和文化保护体系。据了解,专家委员会的主要职能是:对我国的全球重要农业文化遗产开展相关研究,提供专家     

在发掘中保护 在利用中传承 我国GIAHS保护与管理的成绩与意义

<正>2002年,联合国粮农组织发起了"全球重要农业文化遗产"(GIAHS)保护项目,旨在建立一个全球性的重要农业文化遗产体系,促进对农业文化遗产及其有关景观、生物多样性、知识和文化等内容的国际认同、动态保护和适应性管理。2012年以来,农业部确立了"在发掘中保护,在利用中传承"的基本思路,构建了农业文化遗产动态保护与管理机制,有效促进了区域发展和遗产地农民生活水平的提高,产生了良好的生态、经济与社会效益。     

保护与发现

我国新增两项＂全球重要农业文化遗产＂保护试点 云南＂普洱古茶园与茶文化＂和内蒙古＂敖汉早作农业系统＂荣获联合国粮农组织＂全球重要农业文化遗产＂（GIAHS）保护试点,9月5日授牌仪式在北京人民大会堂举行。     

三院士支招古桑树开发利用

我国农业文化遗产的保护与开发工作启动虽然较晚,但进展非常迅速。夏津古桑树群有幸入围,地方政府应该树立起“动态”发展和保护这一重要农业文化遗产的新理念,即在持续创新栽培新品种的过程中,将传统的孕育方法融入古桑树的现代保护中。对古桑树群研究,要由定性研究向定量研究转变,用数据说话。用现代生态科学体系、观点、概念进行表达,用数据争取生态补偿资金。     

试论中国水下文化遗产的法制建设与国际合作

我国水下文化遗产保护受到关注的时间较晚,虽然近年发展速度较快,但距离形成一种更为理想的水下文化遗产保护体制和机制的要求还相差很大。本文初步对我国水下文化遗产的法律建设进行了介绍和分析,并介绍了联合国《保护水下文化遗产公约》试图由水下文化遗产的国际合作的视角,探讨如何利用国际规则促进我国水下文化遗产事业的发展。     

展示传统农耕智慧 “全球重要农业文化遗产在中国”主题展亮相第12届农交会

＂全球重要农业文化遗产在中国＂主题展览于10月25日至28日在青岛举行。本次展览是第十二届中国国际农产品交易会颇具特色的专业展区,以别具创意的布展、精美的图文展示和丰富的民俗表演将我国11项全球重要农业文化遗产（GIAHS）各自的地域特色、农业系统特点、生态产品展示出来,吸引了大量展场观众。全球重要农业文化遗产是由联合国粮农组织于2002年发起的项目,旨在促进全球农业文化遗产的认知与保护。     

文化遗产保护视野下的我国档案保护研究

非物资文化遗产档案记载着人类丰富多彩的文化,档案在文化的传承中发挥着十分重要的地位。在对文化遗产的保护过程中,我国特别重视档案和档案的保护工作。本文对档案保护的研究工作以及文化遗产保护的发展态势进行了分析,提出以文化遗产的保护为参照系,将非常有助于开阔我国档案保护的研究视野,增加档案保护学者的见识。     

中国全球重要农业文化遗产地的保护实践

正以2005年6月"浙江青田稻鱼共生系统"被列入联合国粮农组织(FAO)全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)项目为标志,我国开始了系统性、活态性、动态性为主要特征的农业文化遗产的保护与发展探索,并经过多年实践逐步形成了以"政府推动、科技驱动、企业带动、社区主动、社会联动"的"五位一体"多方参与机制。农业文化遗产的挖掘、保护、传承、利用经验产生了良好的社会效益、生态     

Aspects of Archaeological Heritage in the Cultural Landscapes of Western Anatolia

Throughout the course of time, environments built within landscapes have been transformed into conserved archaeological heritage sites through natural, but mostly anthropogenic, forces. Today, cultural heritage is the product of visual and spatial features of architectural material and landscapes created through conservation, but also through social and economical needs and interests. In Western Anatolia, archaeological heritage sites with ecologically rich areas, countryside, coastlines and seascapes are the most essential visual, spatial and structural features of cultural (historical) landscapes. Moreover, western Anatolian landscapes have retained their authentic character regarding intangible cultural diversity, ecology, rural traditional systems and agricultural practices. However, rapid changes and developments due to urbanisation and mass tourism have made their impacts on cultural historical landscapes in recent years. In this paper, an attempt is made to explore the cultural heritage within the evolution of cultural archaeological landscapes in Western Anatolia and to propose a sustainable approach for development and conservation options for cultural heritage and their landscapes.     

Civil War heritage as American diplomacy, 1957–1965

This paper explores the role of Civil War heritage in U.S. public diplomacy during the Cold War era. Especially during the celebration of the Civil War’s centennial, between 1961 and 1965, the Americans endeavoured to harness the conflict’s heritage to promote U.S. interests in Europe. How they intended to do this is demonstrated primarily through an examination of Colonel Sidney Morgan’s mission to Europe to find how the commemoration of the Civil War could be used for public diplomacy. Additionally, by exploring how Civil War heritage was spread and used in the British public sphere, the paper examines and underlines the key role saved to unofficial cultural agents, such as Civil War re-enactment clubs and private people, in heritage diplomacy. The focus on unofficial agents and networks enable this study to show how heritage diplomacy works at the un-institutionalised level and to explore the interaction between the official and unofficial level in heritage diplomacy. The historical perspective and methodology cast new light on the use of history, historical memory and heritage for diplomatic ends and introduces both historians and heritage scholars with new avenues to explore, such as the role of memory and historical consciousness in shaping international relations.     

遗产认同:概念、内涵与研究路径

本文从遗产产生、发展及其遗产本质属性特征的视角提出了遗产认同的概念,并从“遗产身份”和“遗产认同”两个角度解释了遗产认同的内涵,即前者强调遗产的客观属性,后者强调主体对遗产的认知。在此基础上,根据遗产与认同的四种交叉关系,作者提出了遗产认同相应的研究路径,即从时间视角的遗产化过程分析每个阶段的遗产认同;以尺度的视角从表征层面的空间身份和文化身份特征理解遗产认同;从非表征层面的遗产实践分析相关者如何通过具体行动表征和重构自己的身份认同。遗产认同概念的提出与研究不仅可能丰富新文化地理学的景观研究理论,也为遗产旅游地治理提供理论借鉴,未来还需对遗产认同与遗产保护利用关系做进一步探讨。     

Defining “Official” Built Heritage Discourses within the Irish Planning Framework: Insights from Conservation Planning as Social Practice

Conservation of built heritage is a key planning process and goal which shapes urban development outcomes across European cities. In Ireland, conservation of the built heritage is a key part of the planning framework, albeit one that is, in comparative terms, only recently established. While it is widely recognized that the underlying rationale for conservation of built heritage varies considerably (from cultural priorities to place marketing), the literature suggests that heritage and conservation professionals perform a key role in controlling decision-making through an official or “authorized” heritage discourse (AHD), emphasizing expert values and knowledge and based around selective heritage storylines often reflecting elite tastes. Drawing on policy and practice in Ireland, in this paper, we contribute to these debates by further unpacking the AHD, exploring tensions within the heritage policy elite through examination of competing views and representations relating to the purpose of built heritage protection. Based on a discourse analysis following interviews with key national actors, we identify two key narratives—a “museum-curatorial” discourse and an “inclusive heritage” discourse—which in turn frame conservation practices. We argue that subtle variations of heritage meanings have the potential to either reproduce (museum-curatorial discourse) or challenge (inclusive heritage discourse) conventional modes of practice, particularly relating to the relationship between built heritage and identity and the role of public engagement.     

From foodways to intangible heritage: a case study of Chinese culinary resource,retail and recipe in Hong Kong

Chinese foodways is a complex mix of regional elements including a wide range of ingredients and culinary skills, and is considered a system of knowledge not only inherited from the past but also determined by socio-political changes in different eras. Even though great differences can be found between northern and southern ingredients and culinary skills, there are common characteristics shared among cuisines in various regions through internal migration as well as importation of ingredients and cooking skills. Apart from studying Chinese foodways as regional traditions in the historical context, we should look at it as intangible heritage from the socio-political perspectives regarding the current debate on cultural preservation. In this article, I aim to investigate Chinese foodways related to heritage preservation focusing on culinary resource in agricultural and cultivation system, wholesale/retail trade network and family recipe, in order to have a better understanding of food heritage in the fast-changing Hong Kong society. With the three cases provided, I would draw attention to the paradox of defining heritage for preservation and the dilemma of whether we should preserve traditional foodways that have been modified for market interest as they are discredited for loss of authenticity.     

Contributors

The historic region of Ohmi‐Hachiman, located in central Japan, is an example of a Continuing Landscape in an Asian setting. With a differing perspective on what may constitute authenticity, a planning exercise is now underway looking for a sustainable future for the city and surrounding countryside that is both a popular tourist attraction and a working agricultural area. Ohmi‐Hachiman combines two areas ICOMOS has declared as under‐represente d—an Asia heritage site and an agricultural landscape. This region is a Japanese case study that shares many planning and policy traditions with the West. It is the product of a long industrialised and developed nation, yet the site is quintessentially Asian with rice paddies and small villages sharing an ethos with the rest of this part of the world. It is an ethos that includes a philosophical and practical approach to this Japanese Continuing Landscape which dramatically diverges from conventional Western practices and challenges the accepted ideas of authenticity. It is an approach worthy of close scrutiny by those overseeing heritage landscapes in the rest of the world who may also be facing the uncomfortable clash of commerce and conservation.     

Making heritage at the Cannes Film Festival

This paper is a discussion of how and why film should be considered heritage, by analysing the role of the Cannes Film Festival (CFF) in turning films into a form of heritage, through a number of different initiatives focused on the preservation and promotion of films as heritage. In doing so, the present article charts the evolution of the CFF against the background of cultural diplomacy and heritage. Studying the CFF from a heritage perspective will contribute to theoretical debates that situate film festivals as places where memories and identities are contested and negotiated. The paper will show that these heritage-making initiatives are a result of the ability of the CFF to respond to changes taking place in an age of international contact, to accommodate new trends, new films and emerging national film industries. Within this context, this paper also addresses a gap in film festival scholarship by engaging in heritage theory to further expand cultural and heritage insights.     

Coastal heritage in touristic regional identity narratives: a comparison between the Norwegian region Sørlandet and the Dutch Wadden Sea area

ABSTRACT

Heritage plays a central role in narratives of coastal regions that promote them as places of leisure. This paper compares this role of heritage in Sørlandet (Norway) and the Dutch Wadden Sea area. Both regions have rich and related cultural histories, but at the same time exhibit striking differences in the role of cultural heritage and other aspects of heritage in regional identity narratives that are aimed at attracting tourists. We conclude that while the narratives of Sørlandet affirm a romantic, picturesque image of pre-industrial, societies, those in the Dutch Wadden Sea area frame this region as a pristine and timeless wilderness, in which human history has no place.     

Taboo and sensitive heritage: labour camps,burials and the role of activism in the Channel Islands

In this article we propose the concept of taboo heritage as a way to describe a legacy of war so sensitive that it never undergoes heritage creation. Attempts at creation, such as heritage listing, renovation or excavation, are blocked by local authorities. We also examine the transition from taboo heritage to sensitive heritage, the next step along the ‘heritage continuum’, which we propose can only occur through the combined efforts of the passage of time, the role of activists and official authorisation. We take as our case study two of the British Channel Islands of Jersey and Alderney, occupied by German forces from 1940 to 1945. Labour camps were built in both islands, where the dead were also buried locally. We explore how the existing legacy of these events is still taboo heritage in Alderney, but has achieved partial progress in the transition to sensitive heritage in Jersey.     

Buddhist buildings in England: the construction of ‘under-represented’ faith heritage in a multicultural and post-Christian setting

Until recently the ‘heritage industry’ in England overlooked buildings of minority faith traditions. Little has been written about this ‘under-represented’ heritage. Drawing on data from the first national survey of Buddhist buildings in England, we examine the ways in which Buddhist heritage is beginning to be incorporated into the state-funded ‘heritage industry’ as well as how Buddhist communities in England construct heritage through these buildings. First, we draw upon spatial theory in the study of religion to examine three dimensions of minority faith buildings in England and what this tells us about the communities involved: ‘location’ (i.e. the geographical location of the buildings); ‘space’ (i.e. what the buildings are used for and their relationship to local, national and transnational scales); and ‘place’ (i.e. what types of buildings are selected by different communities and why). We then turn to theories of memory that have become popular within the study of religion as well as heritage studies. Religion understood as ‘a chain of memory’ plays an important role in heritage construction via faith buildings, and an analysis of faith buildings, their spatial dimensions and role in ‘memorywork’, helps us think through the dynamics of modern religious belief in a multicultural and post-Christian setting.