作为新主体的“网络公众”——荷兰城市遗产保护中的在线参与机制

作为遗产包容性保护的重要环节,传统线下公众参与模式参与途径少、地域限制大、人员组织难的弊端逐渐显露。在数字信息技术高速发展的当下,荷兰积极搭建在线参与平台,“网络公众”作为新主体参与到了城市遗产保护实践中,使跨越时空的普遍联系成为可能。文章选取荷兰9个在线参与平台为案例,通过线上参与式观察与访谈,探索城市遗产保护中的在线参与机制。研究发现：（1）“数字叙事”通过“叙事编码-叙事解码-设计专题”的逻辑,将碎片化的个人叙事材料转化为系统性的遗产保护参照,实现了遗产认知的集体表达;“数字制图”基于“参与-转译-传播-反馈”的循环运作机制,为遗产空间记忆呈现提供了路径。（2）“数字祛魅”与“政策转向”让网络公众参与的技术阻碍趋于消解、参与权利逐步明确,保障了在线参与机制的民主性与公平性。（3）中国可以从“网络公众”参与引导、参与路径、参与正义三个层面学习荷兰的经验,建构符合我国国情的在线参与机制。     

大运河遗产小道系统的实践——以杭州段为例

大运河杭州段遗产小道系统属于国际上历史文化小道范畴,它是一种文化遗产传播媒介,又是一种有效的公众参与系统。小道连接着公众和大运河文化,其发挥其功用的过程,本身就带着公众参与的性质,同时公众的广泛参与又能不断拓展遗产小道的功能。大运河杭州段遗产小道的建设是基于大运河文化遗产保护而进行的一项积极的创新性尝试。     

呵护长城，民间志愿者在行动

为了修复和保护长城,一个民间志愿者组织用他们的热情与执着,通过对长城沿线农村学校的助学活动,创造了公众参与遗产保护的新样本。     

基于“系列遗产”视角的青岛海防遗产整体性保护与活化路径

青岛作为山东海防的关键组成部分,保存有众多的海防遗产。鉴于青岛海防系列遗产是由呈离散状分布的50多处海防遗存以及相关非物质文化遗产构成的一个整体,宜采取如下整体性保护策略:廓清遗产内容,确定其系列遗产整体价值;突破边界限制,统一制定保护措施和管理制度:加强舆论宣传,鼓励公众参与遗产保护等。在保护的前提下,充分挖掘青岛海防系列遗产的独特价值.寻找青岛海防系列遗产活化路径,通过拓展原有功能,融入居民日常生活,重视海防非遗,增强遗产体验感知,加强文旅融合,塑造海防遗产旅游品牌,让青岛海防遗产真正"活"起来,融入当代百姓生活。     

传统保护机制在构建哈尼梯田世界遗产协同治理模式中的作用

世界遗产地管理亟待由协调各利益相关者的思路转变为各利益相关者协同治理的思路,以可持续发展为目标统一不同利益主体的诉求,从"全民遗产"的角度解读"世界遗产保护需求",从形式化的或边缘性的公众参与保护转变到实实在在的、深层次的公众参与治理。对于活态遗产而言,传统保护机制正是构建各利益相关者协同治理模式中不可或缺的环节。     

基于文化线路视野的大运河线性文化遗产保护研究——以安徽段隋唐大运河为例

作为典型的线性文化遗产,大运河遗产完全具备文化线路的基本要素,对于它的保护应建立在对其性质、价值和特点进行充分研究和评估的基础上。根据大运河在各个时期开挖的规模、航运和繁荣的程度不同,大运河的建设过程可以被划分为三个阶段:隋前被视为中国大运河体系的初步形成阶段;隋唐至北宋可以被认为是大运河得以进一步完善和发展阶段,也可被视为是大运河繁荣的一个阶段;元、明、清被认为是中国大运河实现南北直航和再次繁荣的阶段。安徽段大运河是隋唐大运河(通济渠)的重要组成部分,其保护工作必须先开展资源调查,弄清家底,然后进行科学研究,并从整体上编制保护规划,努力延续运河遗产的真实性和原真性。同时,运河遗产保护还需形成统一协调的管理机制,做好展示和阐释,鼓励沿线社区公众参与遗产保护等。     

基于社区参与的遗产旅游低碳化路径研究——以峨眉山风景区为例

“双碳”目标下,旅游业低碳化发展已得到广泛认可。文章基于社区参与理论,梳理遗产旅游低碳化理论逻辑关系,以峨眉山风景区为观察对象,揭示遗产旅游地低碳发展社区参与的重要性。结果表明,遗产旅游与低碳旅游具有天然耦合性,加强社区参与是遗产旅游低碳化发展的重要手段。然后从增强居民低碳参与意识、设置利益激励机制、打造低碳旅游生活示范区三个方面提出建议,以期为我国旅游低碳化发展提供借鉴。     

场所精神:中国城市工业遗产保护的核心价值选择

中国工业遗产保护从产生到发展从实质来看是西方工业遗产保护理论和实践的延伸,存在着重物质文化遗产的物质本体,轻精神文化内涵;重物质类工业遗产,轻非物质类工业遗产的倾向。当前中国工业遗产保护应通过保护和营造其"场所精神"来突出中国特色。中国工业遗产"场所精神"是指它的环境特性和意义,即它承载的城市文脉和公众参与、认同。中国工业遗产"场所精神"保护的对象是其独具特色的本体和对城市与公众的意义。中国工业遗产"场所精神"营造的对象是其在新历史时期与城市发展共融的再诠释。     

台湾大遗址保护与开发的经验及启示——以卑南遗址为例

我国台湾地区通过完善制度、健全机构、加强考古调查发掘与研究、推动公众积极参与等多种方法和手段,在大遗址保护与开发领域取得了较显著的成效,特别是卑南遗址的保护与开发,在制订保护规划、强化公众遗产保护意识、建立遗址文化公园并重视经营管理与宣传、加强学术研究、积极培养人才等方面,积累了丰富的实践经验,为进一步推动我国大陆大遗址保护与开发提供了有益的借鉴。     

《传统和现代》——意大利城市建筑文化遗产保护

在我国城市建设与文物保护之间经常发生冲突,特别是游走在法规保护边缘的许多建筑遗产,要么秋毫无犯的"保",要么夷为平地的"拆",这中间能否有个过渡地带?意大利城市建筑遗产在这     

Endangerment-driven heritage volunteering: democratisation or ‘Changeless Change’

This article is the product of prolonged wrestling with the question of how heritage professionals and researchers can facilitate and sustain public agency in caring for heritage in the UK during austerity without exploiting volunteers or devaluing professionals. It offers critical perspectives on efforts made to democratise heritage in the UK by increasing public participation through a critique of neoliberalism and the rise of neoliberal approaches in the heritage sector. It argues that the adoption of neoliberal approaches, such as crowdsourcing, that profess to democratise yet reinforce existing power structures, is the inevitable result of insisting on protecting material culture from harm, despite the continuing accumulation of more ‘heritage’. Drawing on critical perspectives on participation from a number of disciplines, it is suggested that efforts to increase public participation in heritage cannot hope to avoid exploiting volunteers, devaluing professionals and marginalising traditionally underrepresented demographics unless they also let go of the perceived need to protect the materiality of the past. Drawing on Sarah May’s archaeology of contemporary tigers, this article argues that the application of endangerment narratives to heritage reinforces uncritical understandings of both heritage and volunteering that preclude heritage from fulfilling its potential function as a contemporary social process.     

Public folklore dialogism and critical heritage studies

Abstract

Public folklore’s dialogic engagement with communities incorporates methodologies for sharing representational and interpretive authority, collaborative programme development, mutually constructed modes of presentation and stakeholder participation in policy-making. While recognising that heritage interventions inevitably involve power asymmetries, public folklore seeks to mitigate and diminish these imbalances as it develops approaches to enable communities to present their culture on their own terms. This paper explores dialogic public folklore practice through community self-documentation projects, folklife festivals, government folk arts funding programmes and a project promoting places of local cultural significance. It provides examples of the integration of multiple roles of public folklorists as scholars, administrators, producers of folklore presentations and government heritage officers. Public folklore praxis achieved through the integration of these roles is seen as a potential model for critical heritage studies praxis for scholars who are advisors and researchers in intangible cultural heritage (ICH) initiatives. Critical heritage scholars involved with ICH can learn from how public folklorists engage with communities and foster cultural self-determination. For public folklorists, collaboration and increased dialogue with critical heritage scholars could foster greater awareness of hegemonic discourses, reconceptualisation of the social base of ICH and recognition of the pitfalls of fostering economic development through heritage.     

Going for the win‐win: including the public in underwater cultural heritage management through citizen science in Australia and New Zealand

UCH managers are increasingly aware of the limitations of excluding public participation in heritage management both in terms of their own limited resources and need for wide public political support. This article assesses a pilot project in South Australia to train citizen scientists to record and monitor underwater cultural heritage sites. The results reinforced the need to ensure the data collected is robust and meaningful, and that citizen scientists know their contribution is valid; the need to help citizen scientists interpret data and foster peer‐to‐peer learning, and highlighted the importance of open source data for site conditions.     

Archaeological Sites as Self-Sustained Resources for Economic Regeneration: Towards the Creation of Living Archaeological Parks on the Islands of Kythera and Antikythera

Abstract

This paper argues that less known archaeological sites on marginalized or non-touristic areas can contribute to the formation of local economies that can benefit from alternative heritage tourism and public participation in the archaeological excavation process. The discussion of a proposal for turning two archaeological sites on the Greek islands of Kythera and Anitkythera respectively (Paleokastro and Kastro) into living archaeological parks serves as an example that highlights the possibilities for the creation of self-sustainable heritage projects that need not rely on direct state funding.     

城市文化遗产保护的困境及其解决途径

城市化的高速发展对城市文化遗产保护提出了严峻挑战。目前,存在着认知偏离、资金短缺、技术缺乏、法制不全、机制落后五大困境,必须确立文化遗产保护与城市整体发展的战略思想,健全法制,建立起有效的保护途径、技术支撑途径、资金来源途径、全民参与途径、执法监督途径,下好文化遗产保护这盘大棋。     

Making Cultural Heritage Significant for the Public. The Role of Researchers in Encouraging Public Awareness and Local Pride

The municipality of Olavarría, Buenos Aires province, Argentina, has a rich, diverse, and ancient natural and cultural heritage, although this is not well known by the local community. For this reason, an itinerant exhibition was developed to promote public access to scientific information and community awareness concerning the importance of local heritage. This project was the starting point of an integral programme of public outreach and science education, whose main goal is to facilitate intellectual and physical access to academic knowledge by local communities. After seven years of development, several lessons have been learned, including the need to increase stakeholders’ participation and the exploration of new strategies of communication in order to engage different segments of the public.     

Introduction to the themed section ‘digital heritage and the public’

Abstract

This introductory essay for the themed issue “Digital Heritage and the Public” begins by alluding to the profound effect of the digital revolution in how society manages the production, administration, publication and access to information. The effect on heritage is noticeable in all fields. The process of digitalisation, traceable from the early days in the 1960s, is increasingly impinging on the relationship between the professionals and the public. Critics have debated on the advantages and challenges of the digital revolution in the heritage field. Related to that discussion, in this themed issue the first article by Taylor and Gibson questions whether the assumption often made inextricably linking the digital media with democracy is correct. This contribution is followed by two others in focusing on case studies of use of digital media in heritage. Mazel explains about three projects in which their use has facilitated access and encouraged public participation to rock art sites in Northern England. In the last article of this issue, Purkis argues that in the ‘Local People’ exhibition she organised in Derry/Londonderry, digital media allowed the creation of heritage out of people’s ordinary lives. This way of disrupting ideas of heritage also turned the museum into a contact zone, a place for cultural and social mediation.     

Heritage and participatory governance: An analysis of political strategies and social fractures in Spain

In the heritage field, institutions tend to see social participation as a synonym for good governance practice. This extends to other areas such as the environment, humanitarian aid, and sustainable development. In this article, the authors analyze the use of participatory models in the management of heritage through the study of three heritage sites in Spain: the prehistoric paintings in Altamira, the Mosque‐Cathedral in Córdoba, and the Cabo de Gata‐Nijar Natural Park. Their study suggests that, despite the promises of more democratic heritage governance, participatory methods are commonly bounded by social fractures that are concomitant to certain ‘heritage regimes’. They conclude that the critical study of participation in heritage should go beyond the dichotomy between ‘good and bad’ participation. Rather, it should focus on understanding what participation does to the entire heritagization process.     

Participation in the reuse of industrial heritage sites: the case of Oberschöneweide,Berlin

In recent years, the significance of the debate concerning the participation of local communities in the reuse and management of industrial heritage sites has grown considerably. However, the question of how participation takes place in practice has received little attention. This article shows how participation in the reuse of industrial heritage sites has functioned in the planning process in Berlin-Oberschöneweide. The article is theoretically grounded on debates on labour and community heritage. The field of planning, which is closely interwoven with that of heritage management, provides another important theoretical horizon. The qualitative investigation consisted of interviews with different actors. The findings show that Oberschöneweide’s industrial heritage site is important to the local community. Thus far, the community has been able to participate in the reuse and development process in a number of ways. In addition to the provisions made for community participation by the relevant authorities, and local initiatives have exerted an influence on the development of the area. Nevertheless, this participation has been limited and is in some respects problematic. Furthermore, the participation process referred not only to the industrial zone itself, but to the development of the district as a whole.