燕地贾恩绂手稿中所见桐城派学者资料

桐城派学者吴汝纶(1840-1903)光绪十五年(1889)接任保定莲池书院山长,时直隶士子纷纷来学,很快确立了以莲池书院为基地的桐城派在畿辅地区的"学府地位"①,不久出现了一批深受桐城派学风影响的直隶学者.直隶盐山人贾恩绂即为其中之一.     

吴汝纶对淮军形象的书写及其意义

晚清桐城派代表人物吴汝纶,将自己与李鸿章的关系定位为"不深不浅",实为李鸿章不在幕的幕僚。他既依庇于李鸿章,参与政事,谋求自存与发展,又与其保持距离,在一定程度上保留了传统士大夫文人特立独行的姿态。甲午战争前后,吴汝纶为淮军昭忠祠作记,为程学启、张树声等淮军将领撰写墓志铭,肯定淮军平内御外的功绩及其在军队近代化方面所做的贡献。李鸿章去世前后,世人对其多有毁谤,吴汝纶积极为李鸿章编辑文集,撰写神道碑、事略等,对其一生功绩予以表彰。吴汝纶通过古文创作,树立李鸿章及淮军的正面形象,对人们全面评价李鸿章及淮军具有积极意义。     

吴汝纶三书成姻缘

正吴汝纶,字挚甫,为晚清桐城派的末代宗师,生前有"海内大师"和"古文宗匠"之誉。吴汝纶自幼接受传统教育,科考连捷,同治四年(1865年)会试,取进士第八名,"遂以内阁中书用"。吴汝纶以文章名世,"是时中外大疑大计,一决于国藩、鸿章二人,其奏疏多出汝纶手"。从其留下的文集、诗集与说经著作《易说》《尚书故》《夏小正私笺》等看,吴汝纶于中国传统之学术颇有研究,又兼举桐城派之大旗,上游于曾国藩、李鸿章等晚清名臣,下携范当世、李刚己、     

黄彭年与王闿运（下）

王闿运心里的疙瘩是在天津郁结的。他是从天津回乡途中经过苏州,而这次天津之行,完全不是自己预想的结果．可以说碰了个不大不小的软壁。事情经过是这样的：黄彭年在光绪八年荐举外放后．莲池书院山长一时暂缺,据王树柑说,他与吴汝纶“共荐张廉卿先生裕钊来主此席”,张裕钊和吴汝纶都是桐城派的主将。     

吴汝纶与严复

吴汝纶(1840—1903),安徽桐城人。字挚甫。同治进士。为著名的桐城派后期大师,深得曾国藩、李鸿章的青睐,故长期为其做幕僚。后任冀州、深州知州,为官清廉,政绩颇著。不久,弃官从教,立志改     

张百熙“跪请”吴汝纶考析

张百熙(1847—1907年)，字堃秋，又作冶秋，湖南长沙人。清末“新政”之际任吏部尚书、管学大臣，负责京师大学堂的恢复重建工作。吴汝纶(1840-1903年)，字挚甫、挚父。清桐城南乡高甸人，“桐城派”后期大师，早年辞官隐退，后主讲于河北保定莲池书院。目前史学界对流传甚广的张百熙“跪请”吴汝纶一说提出了质疑，笔认为有再度考辩之必要，还历史以本来面目。     

吴汝纶·严修·周恩来的师承关系

吴汝纶(1840-1903年)是清末桐城派古大师和名的教育家,严修(1860-1929年)亦是清末民初名的教育家,周恩来(1898-1976年)则是伟大的马克思主义,杰出的国务活动家,中华人民共和国的缔造之一。他们三人分属于三个不同的时代,然而却有着前后踵接的师承关系。     

论《续文苑底稿》对桐城派史的续写

桐城派是清代最大的古文派别,桐城派史深受学界关注。清史《文苑传》对桐城派有系统而持续的记载,但未为学界注意。本文基于台北故宫档案清史《文苑传》第四次稿的工作本《续文苑底稿》,讨论该书对桐城派续写的内涵和价值。《续文苑底稿》将"桐城派"名义正式写入国史,进一步确认了桐城派古文正统地位。该书增立六位桐城派人物正传,重点记载了姚鼐之后的桐城派学脉分布皖苏、远播岭西的状况。该书揭载,桐城后学的古文创作展现了新貌,纠正了桐城文"苶若枯涩"的弊病,桐城派诸传人尊奉程朱理学,对汉学则兼收并蓄,更以经世实学思想和经世业绩彪炳史册。《续文苑底稿》彰显了桐城派的古文正统地位,是桐城派史的重要文献。     

《吴汝纶全集》失收书信一通考略

吴汝纶是近代著名文学家、教育家和学者,其作品自然成为学者研究吴汝纶思想的重要参考。黄山书社于2002年出版的《吴汝纶全集》,给学术界全面研究吴汝纶提供了一个综合性的文本。然因载籍甚众,该书难免有遗珠之憾。笔者在阅读上海博物馆图书馆编《冒广生友朋书札》时,发现其中有吴汝纶应冒广生之请而撰写的一封回信。由于尺牍是吴汝纶作品的重要组成部分,也是其生平、交游、心态等研究的重要文献参考资料,故本文首先通过对这封佚信中所涉及的人物进行考释,以明确此信的写作背景及人物之间的关系;其次结合萧穆、周星诒及吴汝纶等人书信,对信中的"蚊船亏累案"进行了补充疏证,以了解吴汝纶为解决此事而做的各种努力。最后依据信中的内容并结合相关史料,对这封信的文献价值进行评价,从而让人们既能领略吴汝纶的人格魅力,又能了解到他对冒广生的巨大影响。     

严译《天演论》与叶尔恺、吴汝纶

严复在中国思想文化史上的地位,主要是通过《天演论》翻译,向中国人介绍了进化论思想奠定的。由于知识结构、时代因素,严复的翻译并不是一气呵成,更不是一蹴而就,而是一个缓慢过程。在那知识饥渴的年代,《天演论》自然形成了几个不同的版本。叶尔恺、吴汝纶等对《天演论》传布、定稿,都有不同贡献。     

弥足珍贵的教育史料——关于桐城学堂的《办学公文稿》

本文就桐城学堂的《办学公文稿》的发现、流传、主要内容作了介绍,从中研究考察了吴汝纶创办新式教育的深层思考与实践,并对《办学公文稿》这份完整地全方位地反映中国早期办学情况的珍贵教育史料价值作了思考与评介.     

桐城派与汉学关系辨析

从表面看,桐城派与汉学家的矛盾似乎起于个人恩怨,但从本质分析,学术分歧才是两者交恶的根本原因。晚清以降,面对内忧外患的社会危机,汉宋学兼综会通成为当时学术的一个重要特征。桐城派出于现实的而非学术的原因,顺应了汉宋兼采的学术大势。     

桐城派研究百年回顾

本文将百年来的桐城派研究分为20世纪前20年、20至60年代、改革开放新时期三个发展阶段,并进行了较为全面的回顾与考察,同时对香港、台湾地区以及国外的桐城派研究状况也作了简要介绍.     

《阅微草堂笔记》中的杀生故事

《阅微草堂笔记》中有十余则笔记和杀生有关,从这些笔记中可看出纪昀对屠宰耕牛持坚决反对态度。对其他动物,则既不反对杀生,又反对过度杀生。纪昀形成这种观点既是受到佛教思想的影响,更是受到儒家思想的影响。他创作这些笔记的目的是用因果报应的方式劝戒人心,以弥补法律实施上所存在的不足,维护封建伦理道德,但其中也包含着劝善惩恶的朴素思想。     

姚濬昌与曾国藩幕府

姚濬昌是同光年间桐城诗派的重要诗人。青年时期,他在曾国藩幕府曾客居过近五年时间。这期间,他在曾国藩的引荐下,曾师从西南巨儒莫友芝,在学术理念、文学思想等方面获益良多。此外,他还与曾国藩幕府中的诸多宾僚有所交游。总而言之,这段曾国藩幕府生涯对姚濬昌的人生发展、学术思想、文学主张及创作等都有着极为重要的影响。     

朦胧的新旧易位:民国初年太炎弟子入职北大与“旧派”之动向——以朱希祖为中心

在民初北大的人事变动中,朱希祖作为正牌章太严弟子先于他人入职,颇充当了排头兵的角色。其入职并未引起旧派人士的强烈反应,旧派众人其后渐次离开北大,与朱希祖并无直接关系,原因亦各自不同,但均对校长何燏时主政下北大未来的趋向怀有背离之感。虽然后来更多太炎门生进入北大,代替桐城派等旧派人士居于核心地位,但以历史的眼光加以评判,此番新旧更替实有"以旧易旧"的意味。这说明在民初数年里,新旧世界虽已有移形换位之势,但"新"、"旧"之间的关系还有些朦胧,其清晰的标准尚在确立与制定之中。     

Karl Polanyi and the Modernity-versus-Postmodernity Debate

The originality of Karl Polanyi's work in the interwar period has gained increasing recognition in recent years, during which time the major debate on modernity has erupted. In order to link Polanyi's work with this debate, I will first discuss his legacy on the controversial concept of progress, and then relate his position to this debate. It is my contention that Polanyi's position combines the better aspects of the two rival approaches to modernity. I will then re-link Polanyi's thought to the intellectual figures, movements and climate of his time and thereby disclose a curious affinity between his thought and the Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School. This affinity can best be understood within the parameters of the historical context that they once shared.     

The international political thought of Martin Wight

The different responses in Great Britain and the United States to Martin Wight as a thinker of international relations reveal something about the contrasting academic cultures of the two countries. Wight was pre‐eminently an ‘arts’ man, regarding history and philosophy as essential prerequisites for understanding the world. Above all he was concerned with the moral dimension in politics, whether domestic or international. His pacifism in the Second World War, curiously linked to his profound sense of realism, reflected deep religious convictions; indeed theology, and particularly eschatology, underlay much of his thinking. His career centres upon first Chatham House and Nuffield College, Oxford, then the London School of Economics and Political Science, and finally the University of Sussex. His lectures at the LSE on international theory achieved legendary fame, but he did not publish much in his lifetime. The appearance since 1977 of four notable posthumous works has enhanced his already high reputation, as has the increasing scholarly interest in the ‘English School’, of which he is now seen as a founding father. Ian Hall's book is a brilliant piece of analysis in which Wight's theological world view—which was not obtrusive in his teaching and writing—is investigated with a sureness that is probably rare among scholars in the international relations field.     

管同及其学术思想

理学信徒管同是清代中期一个很重要的学者和思想家,而长期以来,学术界由于种种原因对其研究不够,甚至可以说是没有什么研究,而使人们对其事迹不甚了然;有些文章虽涉及其事迹和学术思想主张,但也单纯地把他作为保守派思想家的代表人物而加以否定。本文试就其生平、学术主张、政治思想略述如次,以期引起学术界对影响中国近代思想界至深的桐城学派的充分关注。     

The A-Bomb Controversy at the National Air and Space Museum

Born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1947, Linenthal earned his bachelor's degree in religious studies at Western Michigan University, his master's degree in divinity at the Pacific School of Religion, and his Ph.D. in religious studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is Professor of Religion and American Culture at the University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh. His books include: Symbolic Defense: The Cultural Significance of the Strategic Defense Initiative (1989); Sacred Ground: Americans and their Battlefields (2nd edition, 1993); Preserving Memory: The Struggle to Create America's Holocaust Museum (1995); American Sacred Space (co-editor, 1995). He is writing a history of the A-Bomb controversy that will appear in a book to be published in 1996. Linenthal has often lectured about controversial historic sites for National Park Service staff. At the USS Arizona Memorial, Linenthal delivered a commemorative address on 7 December 1994, on the 53rd anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor. Linenthal and his wife, with their two sons, reside in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Linenthal was the only historian to testify before the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration about the National Air and Space Museum's ill-fated exhibit, “The Last Act: The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II.” What follows is Linenthal's Senate statement and comments he has written for The Historian.