Towards a Culturally Sustainable Environmental Impact Assessment: The Protection of Ainu Cultural Heritage in the Saru River Cultural Impact Assessment,Japan

Culturally sustainable environmental impact assessment (EIA) requires consideration of the impact of development on local people's cultural activities, including holding ceremonies, collecting resources, and learning skills, which are fundamental essences of Indigenous rights. While culturally sustainable EIA has become a common practice when a development project involves an Indigenous community, it is still argued that Indigenous cultural heritage is not adequately protected. This is due to the fact that Indigenous people do not always keep power in the post‐approval stage of EIA, or the lack of practical measures to minimise the impact of development projects on Indigenous cultural heritage and to enhance the possibility of reaching a consensus among stakeholders. The Cultural Impact Assessment of the Saru River Region in Japan was the first investigation of a site to preserve an ethnic minority culture, with regard to a dam construction. In the second phase of the assessment project, research staff members, some of whom are of Ainu ethnicity, suggested alternative ceremony sites and conducted experimental transplants to protect the local cultural activities. The long‐term investigation by research staff, in fact, influenced the direction of the dam construction. The developer agreed not to proceed with the construction until measures were taken to minimise the impact on cultural activities that would satisfy residents in the construction area. While still early to conclude that Indigenous participation in this assessment project has been successful, Indigenous participation has clearly enhanced the possibility of reaching a consensus. The project should be considered with other published EIA reports, in demonstrating a return from investing in EIA with Indigenous participation, with a practical means for realising Indigenous rights.     

文化遗产旅游商业化的路径依赖理论模型

文化遗产地的旅游发展部逃脱不了这样的一个发展模式：遗产被“发现”、被包装后推向市场,开始走入现代化的发展道路,起到了地区经济的带动效益,但最终又不免陷入“过度商业化”的困境。本文总结了遗产地旅游商业化的动态过程,通过旅游开发中。文化资本和经济资本的转化,对遗产资源开发的商业化作了理论阐述,提出文化遗产旅游商业化“路径”依赖的假说,并建立遗产地旅游商业化发展的理论模型。     

Musical memory,heritage and local identity: remembering the popular music past in a European Capital of Culture

This paper explores the relationship between rock music, collective memory and local identity, by focusing on events connected to Liverpool's status as European Capital of Culture 2008. The first part of the paper describes these events and how memories of local rock music were attached to heritage and local identity and mobilised to validate Liverpool as a capital of culture, whilst in turn the city's Capital of Culture status served to validate particular ways of remembering the local musical past. The second part of the paper considers the broader significance of these events by relating them to three pan-European trends in cultural policy: the development of the cultural and heritage industries; the protection and promotion of local culture and identity; and the fostering of cultural diversity and integration. It highlights the general significance of the popular music past for cultural policy in Europe, but also the politics of popular music memory and how it involves a complex and dynamic process of negotiation that relates to cultural policy in particular ways. The paper concludes by arguing that popular music offers a specific and productive focus for research on cultural policy, heritage and local identity in Europe.     

Linking Heritage Preservation and Community Development: An Assessment of Grassroots Heritage Based Projects as Vehicles for Socio-Economic Development and Sustainable Heritage Preservation in Zimbabwe

This paper engages the practical aspects of linking heritage, in particular, archaeological heritage, with both individual and community economic development. In recent years, there has been growing realisation that culture, inclusive of cultural heritage, can be both a driver and an enabler of economic development, especially in developing countries. However, few documented examples demonstrate the validity of such arguments. The paper explores some practical examples of how, at the grassroots level, individuals and communities are attempting to exploit archaeological heritage sites as well as other cultural and natural heritage resources for income generation in Zimbabwe. The major thrust of the paper is to assess the manner of use and the viability of such ventures. Since the ability of archaeological heritage to generate revenue and support people around the sites has a direct effect on long-term survival of such heritage, ultimately, the paper contributes to the discourse on linking heritage and economic development as well as the theme of sustainable heritage preservation.     

辽宁省世界文化遗产保护与管理研究

文化遗产研究是近年来学术研究的一个热点问题。随着中国世界文化遗产数量的不断增加,文化遗产管理模式的研究也提上了议事日程。本文在系统梳理以往研究成果的基础上,通过选取辽宁省世界文化遗产的典型案例进行分析,提出了一套适合辽宁省的文化遗产管理模式,同时。对于中国不同地区的世界文化遗产管理也有一定的借鉴意义。     

The Challenges of Managing an Archaeological Heritage Site in a Declining Economy: The Case of Khami World Heritage Site in Zimbabwe

Abstract

This paper explores the case of the Khami archaeological site, whose degradation by the local communities in recent years was as a result of socio-economic problems caused by the collapse of the Zimbabwean economy combined with the inability of the Zimbabwean government to support the site. We argue that the negative attitude by the local communities towards the management of cultural heritage sites is embedded in the colonial history of the country, and has been driven by the socio-economic difficulties emanating from the collapse of the Zimbabwean economy in recent years. We begin by explaining the history of Khami, its architecture, and the local communities residing around it. We then show and assert that the subsequent degradation of Khami and the landscape around it by the local communities is linked to the socio-economic problems of the country and poverty, which emanated from the collapse of the Zimbabwean economy. In the end, we contend that the economic constraints are part of the reasons why the local communities have from time to time failed to respect the importance of protecting cultural heritage sites in the country.     

Preserving Knowledge, not Objects: A Somali Perspective for Heritage Management and Archaeological Research

This article argues that the Somali people have a distinctive view on heritage and a different approach to its preservation relevant to their society. It suggests that a locally appropriate theoretical framework for heritage management and archaeological research can only be achieved if this local approach is taken into consideration and integrated into archaeological and heritage methodologies. The lack of qualified Somalis and indigenous perspectives in the archaeological research and heritage management policies characterizes Somali cultural heritage and archaeological research history. This research shows that previous approaches that have been pursued lacked dialogue and incorporation of local views of heritage practice. This lack of dialogue has been of paramount importance for the failure of the preservation of Somali cultural heritage, evident both in the previous neglect of its preservation and in the current looting and destruction of archaeological sites in Somaliland, Puntland and south-central Somalia. It is demonstrated how Somali indigenous perspectives are concurring and contributing to world heritage management and archaeological research methods. I suggest that any heritage work must integrate local approaches and trained local groups should lead archaeological research and heritage management in order to achieve sustainable development and self-representation.     

方志文化发展改革浅探

近年来,方志文化研究论述焦点主要是从大文化视野看方志的文化属性,从软实力角度看方志的文化功能,从创新思路谈方志文化的开发利用。方志文化发展要以修志编鉴为主业,又好又快多出以志书年鉴为主打、多元化的方志文化产品;以改革创新为动力,全方位推进方志文化建设;以开放促发展,加强方志界的对外文化交流。     

西方国家历史文化旅游发展的现状和趋势

本文总结了历史文化旅游的特点。进而预测西方历史文化旅游将有如下发展趋势:1.文化吸引物的管理、筹资与营销变得更专业化;2.在全球化和区域化的背景下,政府和企业的强力推动使文化吸引物供应过剩,同时文化产业内部合作的缺乏,最终导致竞争的加剧;3.广泛运用网络、信息、虚拟等高新技术;4.必须采取新的手段来适应游客体验不断变化的特点。我们可以增加新项目、利用新主题组合旅游吸引物、举办大型城市或地方文化活动来吸引越来越多的旅游者和休闲者。     

Heritage and archaeology in Chitral,Pakistan: exploring some local views and issues

The present article presents the results of a recent (2009) survey of understandings and attitudes to heritage and culture in Chitral, Pakistan. Chitral has two main ethnic-religious groups: the Muslim Kho and the Kalasha, who are the largest non-Muslim minority group in the Hindu Kush. Very little is known formally of Chitral history and prehistory beyond the last 200–300 years, and this has led to a relatively set list of heritage and cultural events or traits being iterated by local people and outsiders alike. With a growing emphasis on tourism and development in Chitral we think that it is important for local people to have understanding and control of what is and is not presented as heritage here, and also how heritage might be appropriately preserved. We also touch on the tensions between a powerful majority and a less powerful minority group, and the impact such an unequal relationship has on heritage.     

Cultural Resources and Regional Development: The Case of the Cultural Legacy of Watchmaking

Cultural resources are today the object of considerable attention in regional economics. Ground for new forms of innovation these resources have given rise to numerous works aiming at understanding the emergence and organisation of culture based economic activities and at identifying the role of these activities in regional development and urban planning. The objective of this article is to explore the way in which resources, and in particular cultural resources, are incorporated into production processes on the one hand, and the consequences on the resources of doing so on the other hand. Becoming an economic resource, a cultural “object” (symbol, image, cultural heritage, traditional know-how, etc.) becomes embedded within commercial relationships. The question we address here is what are the causes and consequences of this commodification of culture for the production systems, the customers and for the local communities which put a certain number of their constitutive elements into play.     

文化经济与城市经济发展的关系分析

城市是人类社会经济文化活空间的投影,是经济活动和文化活动最为频繁,文化经济最为发达的地理空间,对城市的文化经济与城市经济发展之间的关系进行分析具有较高的典型性和针对性。本文从文化与经济本质上具有的共生性入手,简单叙述了文化与与经济一体化发展趋势的必然性,进而归纳了文化经济对于城市经济发展的重要意义:促进经济增长,提高经济效益,软化经济基础,优化经济结构,促进经济的协调稳定发展等几个方面,文章第三部分对文化与经济相互融合的状态进行划分并概括为从三个层次,文章最城市是人类社会经济文化活空间的投影,是经济活动和文化活动最为频繁,文化经济最为发达的地理空间,对城市的文化经济与城市经济发展之间的关系进行分析具有较高的典型性和针对性。本文从文化与经济本质上具有的共生性入手,简单叙述了文化与与经济一体化发展趋势的必然性,进而归纳了文化经济对于城市经济发展的重要意义:促进经济增长,提高经济效益,软化经济基础,优化经济结构,促进经济的协调稳定发展等几个方面,文章第三部分对文化与经济相互融合的状态进行划分并概括为从三个层次,文章最后通过解析文化经济与经济发展的相对平衡关系,提出了在发展经济过程中,应不失时机地对文化经济的发展进行必要的引导和规划的观点。     

佛山石湾陶瓷艺术的数字化保护及利用研究

文化遗产和艺术作品的数字化保护与数字内容应用是近年来国内外文化界和科技界的一个共同研究热点,也是我国积极推动文化创新和文化产业发展的重要内容。为了更好地开展我国首批非物质文化遗产的佛山石湾陶瓷艺术的数字化保护工作,研究了非接触式光学三维扫描设备进行表面反光的陶瓷作品三维数据扫描和形态整合的问题。同时研究了利用HDR技术进行陶瓷表面色彩纹理信息采集和复原的技术方法,得到完整的陶瓷作品数字化模型,达到了对文化遗产数字化保护和数字内容建设的目的。最后,讨论和研究了文物数字化内容的宣传和推广方法,并给出了实际应用的案例。     

A Framework for Sustainable Heritage Management: A Study of UK Industrial Heritage Sites

In 2002, the World Heritage Committee declared heritage to be ‘an instrument for the sustainable development of all societies’. The term ‘sustainable development’, however, is inscribed with a complex economic, environmental and social agenda that challenges contemporary World Heritage management practice. This paper draws on a content analysis of six industrial UK World Heritage Site management plans. The analysis focuses on the extent that each plan integrates four key sustainability dimensions. Findings indicate that the planning frameworks and collaboration processes in operation at each site ensure conservation of the historical physical fabric but limit the development of a sustainable local cultural economy. A sustainable heritage management framework is presented based on the adoption of a long‐term strategic orientation and extensive local community participation in decision making. The framework is relevant to other complex heritage sites such as historic towns and cultural landscapes.     

旅游发展背景下的中国世界遗产(地)研究述评

近年来,在遗产旅游快速发展的背景下,中国世界遗产地保护和开发的矛盾愈加显现,遗产研究明显滞后于遗产实践发展需要。该文综述了20年来我国世界遗产(地)研究,研究内容涉及遗产旅游、遗产价值和景观特征、遗产管理和制度、遗产保护利用和可持续发展、遗产营销和形象传播、遗产法律和教育、遗产研究方法和遗产保护技术等。研究进展划分为起步阶段、发展阶段、拓展提升阶段,阐述了各阶段的研究特征。分析认为,旅游发展背景下的中国世界遗产地保护和经营管理体系研究是今后遗产研究的焦点,并提出相应的研究框架和理论方法。     

民俗类博物馆与非物质文化遗产展示

本文结合河南省安阳市民间艺术博物馆近年来的工作实践,就当下非遗保护展示在综合类博物馆中展示位置日益靠前的普遍现象,论述民俗类博物馆在非遗保护、研究、收藏、尤其是展示中应该发挥的重要作用.     

Aspects of Archaeological Heritage in the Cultural Landscapes of Western Anatolia

Throughout the course of time, environments built within landscapes have been transformed into conserved archaeological heritage sites through natural, but mostly anthropogenic, forces. Today, cultural heritage is the product of visual and spatial features of architectural material and landscapes created through conservation, but also through social and economical needs and interests. In Western Anatolia, archaeological heritage sites with ecologically rich areas, countryside, coastlines and seascapes are the most essential visual, spatial and structural features of cultural (historical) landscapes. Moreover, western Anatolian landscapes have retained their authentic character regarding intangible cultural diversity, ecology, rural traditional systems and agricultural practices. However, rapid changes and developments due to urbanisation and mass tourism have made their impacts on cultural historical landscapes in recent years. In this paper, an attempt is made to explore the cultural heritage within the evolution of cultural archaeological landscapes in Western Anatolia and to propose a sustainable approach for development and conservation options for cultural heritage and their landscapes.     

文化遗产领域宣传教育现状及对策分析

宣传教育对于扩大文化遗产的社会影响力、增强全社会的文化遗产保护意识具有重要作用。近年来我国文化遗产领域宣传教育工作获得长足发展,取得瞩目成绩,但由于相关研究薄弱、队伍力量不足等原因,目前宣传教育整体水平还不够高,需要在深入调查研究的基础上,通过整合力量和合作互动等方式逐步提高。     

地域文化基因再现及人本观转基因空间控制理念

文化景观是环境层面上文化行为的空间产物,地域文化景观反映该地域文化体系的地理单元特征。地域文化遗产性景观揭示传统文化(尤其是心理期盼认知传统行为)在空间上传承与形制叠加的人文地理性。对后者的研究国外已借用生物传承多样性的"基因、物种和生态系统"理念去解构。诸多研究多涉及聚落景观及其基因方面,还没有全方位延伸到地域文化景观的各类型,尤其很少介入地域传统文化(风水观)遗产性基因,及其遗产景观基因的排列或组合或结构的研究。本文引用人文地理学"社会-文化"转向创立的"现象学结构主义"方法,首次系统揭示(中国)地域文化遗产(形制)基因与结构;并据后现代人本性空间观理念,即在满足遗产性景观所在地(或社区)生活空间质量需求规律下,论及提升文化产业展现内涵下的遗产景观基因再现控制理念。     

‘So long,and thanks for all the fish?’* Examining the built and cultural heritage of the Jaffa port redevelopment

‘Heritage’ is a term that is ambiguous in the best of circumstances; however, it becomes even more so in urban environments where conflicts of identity and culture are pivotal, as in Israel’s mixed Israeli-Palestinian cities. In this paper, I examine the recent redevelopment of the Jaffa port, Israel. Jaffa’s ancient port has had a significant role in facilitating industry, commerce and social ties in the area, and it has recently been remodelled by the city as a cultural and entertainment hub. Through interviews with key stakeholders and observations, I examine the role of heritage in the redevelopment using two broad categories: heritage of the built environment and cultural heritage, including the practice of fishing. I argue that while efforts have been made to conserve the waterfront’s heritage, the redevelopment has resulted in an artificial space that does not speak to the local culture of Jaffa as it is interpreted by the port community, including the fishermen. The Jaffa case study suggests that more attention should be paid to the delicate role of urban planners in facilitating change in a politically and culturally contested environment.