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现在容易读到的《资治通鉴考异》,本子有两种,一是中华书局1956年标点排印的胡三省《资治通鉴音注》二百九十四卷,《资治通鉴考异》三十卷散布其中。这是当今《资治通鉴》最好的本子,读《通鉴》,读它当然最好。可是若读《考异》,读这个本子则甚为不便,因为文字... 相似文献
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读钱大昕的《廿二史考异》 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
(一)钱大昕(1728—1804年),在乾嘉历史考据方面是有代表性的人物,所著《廿二史考异》(以下简称《考异》)是其历史考据的代表作。有说:“乾嘉诸儒以东原(戴震)、竹汀为巨擘,一精于经,一精于史。”(朱一新:《无邪堂答问》卷一)又有说:“钱氏)所著《廿二史考异》皆实事求是,于天 相似文献
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《资治通鉴》是一部纵贯一千三百六十二年的编年史巨著。为了编撰这部书,司马光及其助手们“遍阅旧史,旁采小说”,参考了大量的书籍资料,仅《资治通鉴考异》中提及的书目,就达三百五十余种之多。《通鉴》是怎样归纳整理如此“简牍盈积,浩如烟海”的历史资料,抉摘鉴别众多互相矛盾违戾的史料的呢,我们可以通过《通鉴考异》来探究。《资治通鉴考异》是司马光在编撰《通鉴》的同时,“参考群书、评其同异,俾归一涂”而成的。《考异》全书三十卷,共计二千九百七十七个条目,依照《通鉴》编年的次 相似文献
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消费者合同是相对于商业合同而言的。因为在消费者合同中的当事人,即经营者和消费者之间的经济地位、交涉能力差距很大,所以法律有必要给予消费者特殊的保护。而商业合同的主体双方都是商人,主体之间的地位和能力相对平衡,法律无须给予当事人特别保护。因此,格式条款在消费者合同中的法律适用规则也有其特殊性。本文中所讨论的格式条款,皆为消费者合同中的格式条款,而非商业合同中的格式条款。 相似文献
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为了增强我国立法的系统性、整体性以及协同性,就正在制定中的我国《国家公园法》而言,保证该法从诞生时起其效力体系更加统一协调,首先需要明确该法在整个环境保护法律体系中的地位与效力。在此基础上,不仅需要建立健全调整一般法与特别法、新法与已有法律间效力关系的规则,以此调整规范法律间的效力关系,更要建立健全同步调整相关法律规定的立法程序规则,在立法阶段就同步调整好法律间的效力关系,保证每部新订法律具有更加统一协调的效力体系,以此增强法律的系统性、整体性以及协同性。 相似文献
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中国古代史学在发展中,存在着直书与曲笔的斗争,这在官修史书中表现得尤为突出,而史馆又是这种斗争最为集中的地方。然而,历代正直的史家坚持直书的精神、追求信史的目标从未改变。《唐会要》中的《史馆·史馆杂录》所记的史事,反映了唐代史家追求信史目标的足迹,以及他们的操守和信念,给后人留下了深刻的启示。 相似文献
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实事求是是唯物史观的基本原则——以“五种社会形态理论”为中心的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
是否遵循实事求是的方法论原则,是判定唯物史观还是唯心史观的根本标志,也是二者判然有别的分水岭。唯物史观不以任何先验的东西为前提,唯心史观则相反。凡是不遵循实事求是方法论原则乃至有意违反这一原则的历史观,毫无疑问一定是唯心史观,而绝非唯物史观。根据实事求是原则去考察历史,符合过去人们所理解的五种社会形态理论本来所规定的意义和内涵,因生产力不断发展而导致五种社会形态依次演进更替的例子,在人类历史上并不存在。 相似文献
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The use of primary sources in the writing of American historical geography is a relatively recent practice, and one which warrants more attention than it has been accorded. Of immediate appeal to historical geographers when they finally turned to primary sources were contemporary travel accounts, topographies and geographies. Because they were, and still are, much used, and because they reveal in simple and direct fashion the difficulty of encountering past “reality”, these kinds of material are the focus here. To turn from these essentially qualitative sources to more quantitative sources neither resolves nor avoids the issue we wish to raise, the problem of subjectivity. There are two sides to the problem of subjectivity; the first concerns the contemporary as observer and recorder of facts; the second concerns the latter-day scholar as observer and recorder of facts. The old conception of the geographer as an impersonal observer is no longer acceptable. In the quest for an understanding of the geography of the past, it may well be that “objectivity is the fruit of genuine subjectivity”, and that what is required is a collective effort of subjective scholars engaged in a continuing dialogue. 相似文献
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Stephen A. Kowalewski 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》1997,4(3-4):287-306
Systematically recording archaeological, historical, ethnographic, and other information in a geographical-temporal frame
has great advantages. The method allows the logical ordering of disparate facts, error checking, making connections that might
otherwise go undetected, better comparison, manipulating temporal and spatial scales, and specifying the fields within which
causal processes do and do not operate. The application of this spatial method in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico, generated
new hypotheses about the late prehispanic-earlies colonial transition; it brings us closer to a single history, as opposed
to segregated prehistory and history. 相似文献
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南京国民政府在不同的历史时期,先后颁布了考绩法、公务员考绩法、非常时期公务员考绩暂行条例、非常时期公务员考绩条例、公务员考绩条例、公务人员考绩条例。关于这些法规、法令颁布的时间、施行的时间,考绩的种类、程序和方法等基本史实,目前出版的有关教材、著作中,有不少错误,甚至有十多种图书包括辞典、教材错得一模一样。本文的考证,旨在纠正错误,寻得正确答案。 相似文献
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Micha Roi 《SJOT: Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament》2013,27(2):285-295
ABSTRACTMany biblical stories exhibit an intentional association between “subjective facts” deriving from the narrative and “objective facts” belonging to external historical reality. This article examines stories belonging to the “departure on a journey” pattern which contain references to objective facts which follow a virtually fixed formula and occur at a standard location in the narrative. Both the frequency with which these facts are adduced and their formulaic nature make it difficult to adopt external criteria such as those proposed by either of the two conventional models (aetiological and communication), suggesting rather an inner—literary—link between the two sets of facts. 相似文献
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To the extent that knowledge is the product of a complex construction of Nature-Culture facts more or less perpetuated, the challenge, for archaeology as science discovering and explaining the pasts for developees, is to learn how to manage: (1) its scientific “facts” more or less stabilized or hardened in function of precise, reproducible, universal “buildings of facts,” these facts being combined in networks and allied to specific societal facts, according to a dichotomy between Nature and Culture positioned as incommunicable poles of the world, and (2) traditional, ordinary, daily “facts,” local, contextual“facts” encountered during our activities, publications, lectures, and exchanges with everybody. These facts link approximately or unconsciously Nature and Culture, two poles we moderns have created and separated ontologically. How to produce a legitimate cooperation between these two conflicting discourses during the applications and the improvement of the processes which form, even in the case of archaeology, what is currently termed “development.”Pour l’archéologie en tant que science découvrant et expliquant les passés des peuples en voie de développement, le savoir étant le produit, selon les cultures, de fabrications complexes de faits de Nature-Culture plus ou moins pérennisés, le défi consiste à apprendre à gérer ensemble: (1) ses “faits” scientifiques, plus ou moins stabilisés ou durcis selon des “mises en fait” précises, répétables, universelles, ces faits étant établis en réseau et alliés à tel ou tel secteur de la société en question selon une dichotomie établissant la Nature et la Culture comme pôles incommunicants du monde; et (2) les “faits” de savoirs traditionnels, ordinaires, quotidiens, faits locaux, contextuels rencontrés durant nos activités, publications, cours et échanges avec tout le monde. Ces faits lient approximativement ou inconsciemment la Nature et la Culture, ces deux pôles que nous, modernes, avons créés et ontologiquement séparés. Comment légitimement, même en Archéologie, faire collaborer ces deux discours, en conflit lors des applications et améliorations des processus relevant de qu’on appelle couramment le Développement? 相似文献
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在同时具有最真实的理性色彩与最大的文学重创弯曲度的历史题材小说领域,鲁迅与森鸥外由于写作目的不同而体现出了社会批评意义上的差距,对现实的关怀、干涉程度与方法的不同也导致了文学风格上的差异。鲁迅始终坚持古为今用的立场,《故事新编》的风格较为统一,对史实的取舍与作家的虚构都服务于批判的主题;森鸥外则基于摆脱现实的目的而选择历史题材进行文学创作,其模糊的历史观导致了作品外部风格甚至内在主题上的矛盾。 相似文献