中国最早新年工布新年

翻开藏历显示,今天是藏历九月三十(12月4日),也是传统工布新年的除夕夜,这个被称为中国最早新年的地方,正在悄然将喜庆的氛围扩散至整个林芝。从林芝首府八一镇出发,来到距离林芝火车站不远的巴宜区杰麦村,身着传统工布服饰的村民正围着篝火,口诵民谣跳起锅庄,正式拉开了工布新年的序幕。     

陈独秀与陈公博之间的一桩公案

一、特殊的个人关系陈独秀与陈公博之间的个人关系是较为特殊的。他们共同参加了中国共产党的创建工作 ,既是师生关系 ,也是同志关系 ,还是朋友关系。说他们是师生关系 ,是因为 1 91 7— 1 92 0年 ,陈公博在北京大学求学期间 ,陈独秀受聘于蔡元培 ,担任北大的文科学长。其主办的《新青年》也由沪迁京 ,北京大学成为全国新文化运动的中心。在青年学生的心目中 ,陈独秀是导师、是旗手、是领袖 ,作为热血青年的陈公博自然是仰慕其声 ,卷入到新文化运动的浪潮之中。据毛泽东的回忆 ,陈公博当时加入学校社团新闻学会 ①。新文化运动后来引入共产…     

土族供奉神箭的传说

朋友,当你走进土族人家,就会看到在堂屋的大红面柜(或供桌)上,供有一支箭杆。箭身约4尺,系满各色绸绫。此箭土族群众称作“达拉戛”,意思是“护法神箭”,又名“五台护法”。大凡逢年过节,家家点灯煨桑,虔心祭祀,祈求神箭护佑年年五谷丰登,六畜兴旺,人人心想事成,万事如意。倘若兄弟不和,或妯娌之间发生争执,长辈们将双方带到神箭前,语重心长地耐心开导,说服教育,以消除误会,化解怨恨,全家人像往日一样同舟共济,和睦相处。那么,土族缘何供奉神箭?对此人们说法不一。有的人认为,这与历史上吐谷浑首领阿柴临终时折箭遗教有关。据史料载,公元424…     

土族的神箭崇拜

生活中的“崇拜”与“膜拜”是有区别的。“崇拜”是尊敬、钦佩之意。比如崇拜偶像、某伟人等,它属于生活化的、发自内心的敬重和钦佩;而“膜拜”则不同,它是宗教活动中的一种顶礼仪式,     

The Poisoned Arrows of Amor: cases of syphilis from 16th-century Iceland

While syphilis spread rapidly in Europe during the late 15th and early 16th centuries, scholars have doubted that the disease reached Iceland at that time. Still, discoveries of nine cases of venereal and congenital syphilis during a recent excavation on a monastic site, Skriðuklaustur (1496–1554) in East Iceland, indicate that the disease became an epidemic there, as it did worldwide. These findings may also be regarded as an important source of information on the contacts and communications of a country, which is commonly regarded as having been socially isolated from the outer world, with its neighbouring countries during the medieval times.     

Forty Thousand Arms for a Single Emperor: From Chemical Data to the Labor Organization Behind the Bronze Arrows of the Terracotta Army

This paper explores the integration of chemical data with metric studies and spatial analyses of archaeological artifacts to investigate questions of specialization, standardization, and production organization behind large-scale technological enterprises. The main analytical focus is placed on the 40,000 bronze arrowheads recovered with the Terracotta Army in the First Emperor’s Mausoleum, Xi’an, China. Based on the identification by portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of chemical clusters that correspond to individual metal batches, and combined with a study of their context in the tomb complex, we argue that the manufacture of arrows was organized via a cellular production model with various multi-skilled units rather than as a single production line. This system favored more adaptable and efficient logistical organization that facilitated dynamic cross-craft interaction while maintaining remarkable degrees of standardization. We discuss the use of “the batch” as an analytical category and how our method might be applied to other studies of craft organization in complex societies and imperial systems.     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

以上海为例看晚清时期社会生活方式及观念的变迁

晚清时期,上海的商业化、城市化生活环境变化,引起了人们生活方式的变动,出现了如洋货流行、从商之风、尊卑失序、女子走上社会、追求享乐等新社会风尚,导致传统伦理衰坏,同时也孕育产生了近代市场意识、近代工商观念、社会平等观念、功利主义及肯定人欲、自由的近代伦理观念。反映出生活方式的变动是引起近代生活伦理观念变迁的中介和启动力量。     

Challenges in Archaeological Tourism in China

Worldwide archaeological tourism, or tourism to sites with archaeological significance, has been rapidly growing and has attracted increased academic attention in recent years. China is an outstanding case in this field. In fact, its government has been actively promoting tourism and archaeological tourism for the last three decades. The understanding of the challenges that Chinese archaeological tourism is currently facing is the focus of this article. Four aspects will guide the discussion: the dilemma between site preservation and economic profitability, unregulated tourism development, the influence of UNESCO World Heritage designation, and authorities’ sensitivity towards ethnic issues in archaeological tourism.     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.