Aboriginal Histories,Aboriginal Myths: An Introduction

The article reopens the issue of the supposed absence of historical consciousness among traditionally oriented Aborigines, and reviews Hill's and Turner's attempts to define the difference between myth and history. It then discusses some narratives of colonisation from Western New South Wales, and re-analyses some Aboriginal stories about Captain Cook.     

The Journey of Infertility from Private Sphere to Public Domain: From Cosmetic Surgery to Disability

This study explores the process by which the treatment of infertility, which has been in the hands of the private sector, has been taken over by the state as a matter of public health. It argues that this shift stems from the pro-natalist policies of the state to help increase the population. Infertility treatment, using assisted reproductive technologies and its legitimization by the Islamic jurists, is used as a lens through which to examine the state's body politic. The frequent reversals of policies, since the late nineteenth century to the present, are shown to be directly linked with the nation-building goals of the state, expecting the citizens to readjust their reproductive behavior to meet the state’s policies.     

Urban Aboriginal health: Examining inequalities between Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal populations in Canada

Cet article a pour but de contribuer à la littérature en émergence portant sur la santé des Autochtones en milieu urbain, en comparant l’état de santé et les déterminants de la santé de la population autochtone et non‐autochtone en milieu urbain au Canada. L’étude s’appuie sur des données tirées de l’Enquête auprès des peuples autochtones (EPA) de 2001 et de l’Enquête sur la santé dans les communautés canadiennes (ESCC), cycle 1.1. Préconisant une approche axée sur la santé de la population, nous explorons les différences de l’état de santé et des déterminants de la santé entre les populations autochtones et non‐autochtones en milieu urbain. Trois variables sont utilisées pour décrire l’état de santé : l’auto‐évaluation de l’état de santé, les maladies chroniques et la limitation d’activités. Si l’existence de disparités en matière de santé entre la population autochtone et non‐autochtone en milieu urbain est démontrée, celles‐ci ne sont pas aussi importantes que les disparités qui caractérisent la population non‐autochtone et autochtone vivant dans une réserve. Les déterminants sociaux de la santé sont comparables pour les deux populations, mais les résultats illustrent à quel point des facteurs culturels peuvent également intervenir en faveur ou au détriment de la santé parmi la population autochtone en milieu urbain. Cette étude exploratoire fait ressortir la nécessité de tenir compte des facteurs culturels propres aux déterminants de la santé dans les recherches ultérieures afin d’identifier des pistes d’explication des disparités en matière de santé entre les individus autochtones et non‐autochtones en milieu urbain.     

Early Paleoindian Mobility and Watercraft: An Assessment from the Mississippi River Valley

Several researchers have suggested use of watercraft during the Early Paleoindian period 11,500 and 10,800 rcybp (13,400–12,700 cal B.P.), but none have brought empirical data to bear on this possibility. This paper addresses the potential for fluted point-making groups to have made and used boats circa 11,000 rcybp (13,000–12,800 cal B.P.). Fluted point data from a large region of the upper and central Mississippi River valley strongly suggest that the Mississippi River was a barrier to movement and that Early Paleoindians in the midcontinent did not routinely use watercraft.     

Crafting Aboriginal Nations in Taiwan: The Presbyterian Church and the Imagination of the Aboriginal National Subject

Abstract

This study argues that since the end of World War II, the Taiwanese Presbyterian Church’s practical institutionalised arrangements for evangelisation have had the unintended consequence of creating an imagined multi-layered aboriginal national Subject. The argument is founded upon analysis of three main points. First, aboriginal members’ daily practices within the three-level federalist church polity formed in their minds an acquired “schema”, a ready-made cognitive structure that could be easily appropriated by them to imagine their own nations in a certain way. Second, when the Church promoted the translation of the Bible and hymns into aboriginal vernaculars for practical evangelising reasons, it unintentionally created tribe-based cultural-linguistic mediums as national languages upon which the contents of aboriginal nations could be elaborated and reproduced. This step further consolidated tribe-based ethnic categorisation and facilitated the reification of aboriginal nations. Third, since aboriginal ministers and elders were institutionally endowed with many strengths in comparison to other aboriginal elites, they came to serve as human activators in formulating and spreading the imagination of the multi-layered aboriginal national Subject.     

Photovoice Evaluated: An Appropriate Visual Methodology for Aboriginal Water Resource Research

Methodologies in human geography are rapidly evolving to include participatory approaches that incorporate other voices and knowledges. Central to these participatory methodologies is the co‐evolution of research objectives, the co‐production of knowledge, joint learning, and capacity building of all those involved. Visual methodologies that use the media of photography are gaining recognition as powerful participatory methods. In this paper, we evaluate whether photovoice is a culturally appropriate and engaging visual methodology, and consider how it can be improved to better facilitate research between non‐Aboriginal researchers and Aboriginal Australians involved in water resource management. We draw from two photovoice projects conducted in partnership with two separate Aboriginal groups in northern Australia. Photovoice methodology in this context was found to be both culturally appropriate and engaging. It facilitated genuine participatory research, empowered participants, and was easily adapted to the field situation. The methodology proved to be a powerful tool that revealed in‐depth information including Aboriginal values, knowledge, concerns, and aspirations for water resource management that may not have been captured through other participatory approaches. Photovoice methodology could be enhanced with a more defined role for the researcher as knowledge broker and as translator and communicator of research outcomes (as deemed appropriate by research participants) to policy makers.     

From Bridge to Boardwalk: An Audio Journey across Maryland's Eastern Shore

Ripe with cultural knowledge, From Bridge to Boardwalk is atravel narrative well-suited to the needs of the steadily increasingnumbers of heritage tourists venturing out into communitiesin search of authentic experiences. Folklorist Elaine Eff describesthis seventy-six-page spiral-bound guide, accompanied by twoCDs of interview clips, as a revelation of "some of the Shore'sbest-kept secrets" and a "rare ‘insider’ opportunity     

晋中商人的角色特征与阶层流动分析

商人阶层是晋中地区最具特色的社会群体。他们一方面结交高官 ,另一方面以多种方式参与社会生活 ,追求塑造本阶层的社会中坚形象。但是晋中商人不具有独立于主流道德伦理之外的意识系统 ,他们的社会角色是一个尴尬的双面角色。同时 ,晋中商人具有浓厚的士首商末意识 ,经商致富后他们的人生走向大多再次回流仕途。随着晋中社会向近代迈进 ,商人阶层呈现出旧阶层淡出、职业化凸显的特色。     

The Right to Mobility: The Production of Mobility in the Courtroom

This paper considers the way mobility has been given meaning by decisions in the United States Supreme Court. It argues that in four key decisions the Court constructed a de facto “right to mobility” by linking mobility to notions of citizenship. The paper suggests that these cases illustrate the importance of considering how mobilities are given meaning in particular contexts and how these meanings are framed within notions of mobility as an essential human freedom. The paper is framed by discussions of mobility, rights and citizenship and concludes with a discussion of the role of othering in the production of mobility‐as‐citizenship.     

社区驱动的非遗开发与乡村振兴:一个北京近郊城市化乡村的发展之路

在近现代以来的政治和文化话语中,"乡村"常被视为现代性的"他者",是被动的、有待自上而下的努力去拯救的地方,其自身的主体性以及包括非物质文化遗产(以下一般简称为"非遗")在内的文化传统往往被无视或低估。上述观念应该予以修正。北京近郊高碑店村的个案展现了一个失去土地的城市化乡村积极利用非遗来谋求自身发展的主动实践历程。对驱动其开发非遗以实现振兴的动机、方法和行动主体进行研究,可以发现"社区驱动的非遗开发与乡村振兴"是更根本性的模式。这种模式强调以社区为主体来驱动非遗开发进而实现乡村振兴,并注重如下原则的重要性:(1)由社区驱动的内在发展动机;(2)以社区自身文化传统为基础;(3)开发过程中的社区参与;(4)社区受益。这一模式对于当今实施乡村振兴战略具有积极启示意义:只有充分尊重并发挥乡村具有的主体性,才有可能真正实现乡村的振兴及其可持续发展。