A Textual Study of The Post and Rank of ＂Khutukhtu＂ in Tibetan Buddhism

Among Mongolian and Tibetan high-ranking Bud-dhist monks,the Khutukhtu is second only to that ofthe Dalai and the Panchen.There have,however,beenvarious interpretations of the word khutukhtu,its lin-guistic origin,and connotations.In this essay,therefore,I expound on the preliminary textual re-search I have made into questions regarding the ori-gin of the word “khutukhtu,” its course of evolution,     

＂The Excellences of the Republic＂ Produced on the Roof of the World

Since its peaceful liberation, Tibet, at the roof of the world, has been keeping abreast with the motherland to constantly renew its progress.     

The Authentic Record of the Livelihood of Tibetans Living on the Snowy Plateau-The documentary ＂A Year in Tibet＂ Attracts Worldwide Attention

＂This year, I have seemingly become a famous movie star as my name is well-known amongst many overseas tourists traveling to Gyantse. It is incredible to me that this documentary series had such a great influence after being broadcasted all over theworld. I remember the time when Sun Shuyun （the director of the documentary） came to invite me to be the main character of the documentary and be followed everyday with a camera behind me. To some extent, I did feel frustrated during that particular period.＂     

A Gāthic Rite? A Critique of the Cosmological Interpretation of the Gāthās I

In the last few decades ritual interpretation of the Gāthās has replaced the biblical one as the dominant paradigm. The emphasis on the central role of ritual in the Avesta is well justified. This realization has given rise to the question of the role and meaning of ritual in the Gāthās. Marijan Molé had tried to argue that the Gāthās in fact describe and accompany a rite whose purpose was the preservation/renovation of the cosmic order. Students of the Gāthās working within the new paradigm have taken up Molé’s general frame. They have tried to show that the Gāthās, collectively or individually, is the text of a particular rite that served, among others, to preserve the cosmic order, especially the daily rise of the sun. The article questions the validity of this thesis. Its focus is on the version of the thesis we find in a number of recent publications by Jean Kellens. He tries to show that the first Gāthā (Ahunauuaitī) describes a unitary pre-dawn ritual that comprised a haoma rite and an animal sacrifice, and had cosmological and eschatological pretensions. His textual analyses and arguments are examined in some detail. The article concludes that Kellens's attempt must be deemed unsuccessful.     

The Year of the Establishment and the Naming of the Domed （mdo smad） Pacification Commission of the Yuan Dynasty

Much resarch has been carried out on the threeCombined Pacification Commissions and Chief Mili-tary Commands (宣慰使司都元帅府),and on the Com-mission for Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs (宣政院)sincepublication of the essay,How the Tuan Central Govern-ment Managed Tibetan LocalAffairs written by Han Rulinsome forty years ago.However,owing to the areas in-habited by Tibetans having being large,due to the greatdifferences in social customs,history,and religiousactivities,that existed,and because many Yuan Dy-     

On the ＂Middle Way＂ of the Dalai Lama

The Dalai Lama has, in recent years, been telling the world he has stopped seeking ＂Tibetan independence＂ and turned towards a ＂middle way＂. By this, he says, he means ＂high-level autonomy＂ or ＂real autonomy＂ in Tibet and other Tibetan-inhabited areas within the framework of the Chinese Constitution. Only by doing so, he has argued, can Tibet best protect its unique traditional culture, religion and eco-environment, and can the unification and unity of China be maintained. （On March 10, 1959, the reactionary upper class in Tibet staged a counter-revolutionary armed rebellion. When it was suppressed,     

A Trip to The Lhasa River Area （Ⅱ）——-Moving Out of the Monastery in the Deep Mountains

Dainzin Leshie is 20 years old now. Three years ago, he became a monk. But then, three months ago, when he headed out of the Nyainqentanglha Mountains and became a businessman of the Daglung Monastery Store, he took off his red kasaya （monk＇s robe）.     

A Textual Ethnography of Collaboration in Early Sámi Studies

This is an ethnographic study of collaboration for publishing textual representations of the Sámi based on ethnographic experience that reflect acquisition of agency and contingent intertextuality. The textual ethnography unravels early twentieth-century collaborative frameworks in which the investigated works were generated and their historical context. Consequently, my paper proposes to re-evaluate the role and impact of the ethnographic writing by Emilie Demant Hatt in addition to her collaboration with Johan Turi. This entails an exploration into personal histories and relationships, gendered ramifications, intellectual and political context, the creative process, the contingent editorial activities and their reception histories.     

The First Election in Khesum Manou of Lhoka - A Selection of ＂Ling Tian＇s Diary＂

Ling Tian, a senior reporter, went to Tibet from 1950 to 1956 reporting on events. In the spring of 1959, he entered Tibet once more and visited Lhoka. His diary, with one hundred thousand characters about this journey, has accurately recorded the genuine process of democratic reform occurring in Khesum Manor of Lhoka. In this journal, we are publishing some parts of his diary as follows.     

＂四八烈士＂黄齐生（连载11）

“四八烈士”指的是1946年4月8日叶挺、王若飞等从重庆飞延安对的遇难烈±。同机遇难的还有一位67岁的老人,他就是近代大名鼎鼎的爱国教育家黄齐生。他的一生漂泊坎坷．充满传奇。为此．特连载已故知名作家王鸿儒先生的《黄齐生传》。本刊略作精简。     

Study of Co2-Supercritical Fluid Extraction（SFE） of Constituents in ＂Seng-ldeng＂ （SD）, a Traditional Tibetan Medicine

This new, recently developed extracting techniqne, Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE), features many advantages in natural product extraction, such as a satisfactory rate of extraction, a high isolation effect, and, when operated entirely free of residual solvents, low cost.     

＂四八烈士＂黄齐生（连载3）

“四八烈士”指的是1946年4月8日叶挺、王若飞等从重庆飞延安时遇难的烈士。同机遇难的还有一位67岁的老人,他就是近代大名鼎鼎的爱国教育家黄齐生。