饱水木质文物的细菌病害及其诊断技术的进展

为了促进微生物学理论与技术在我国文物保护领域中的应用,使我国的文物保护与国际先进水平接轨,本文通过对国内外有关文物保护微生物学研究进展的综述,阐述了饱水木质文物细菌性病害的成因和机理.侵蚀细菌、钻管细菌和空化细菌是饱水木质文物细菌性病害的病原体,但它们的作用方式有一定的区别.在饱水木质文物细菌性病害诊断上,国外已较为普遍地使用了光镜技术、电镜技术、细菌培养技术以及多种分子生物学技术.根据众多样本分析的结果,国外学者已建立评价饱水木质文物腐蚀状态的定性指标体系.文中还结合目前我国有关饱水木质文物保护的现状,阐述了文物保护微生物学在我国饱水木质文物保护中的应用前景,并建议尽快开展相关的研究工作.     

简论少数民族毛皮文物收藏保管处理技术

本文提出保存少数民族毛皮文物的微生物学处理技术,经过实践证明该技术行之有效.     

食品添加剂与食品安全

随着食品工业的迅速发展,食品添加剂是食品工业的重要组成部分,对食品的生产和质量改善起至关重要的作用,是食品工业的灵魂,这些添加剂对于提高食品质,改善色、香、味和口感等感官品质,防腐、灭菌和延长产品货架期,改进食品加工工艺等都起着重要作用。本文对食品添加剂的概念、并较系统地介绍了食品添加剂的作用、分类、以及食品添加剂的安全性问题,同时,提出加强我国食品添加剂安全控制措施的建议,综述了食品添加剂的发展趋势。     

集体化时期山西农民的食品消费生活

本文对集体化时期山西农民的食品消费生活进行了考察,研究表明集体化时期山西农民的食品消费恩格尔系数居高不下,属绝对贫困型,食品消费支出增长缓慢,消费结构属以粮食为主要能量来源的主食型消费,营养水平低。食品生产、分配、流通中均强调国家、集体利益,农民的个人利益长期得不到重视,使山西农民生活水平无法得到提高。     

布里亚特蒙古族特色饮食

布里亚特蒙古族从古至今,生产生活方式从狩猎转向畜牧业为主。主要食品分为白色食品和肉食品。白色食品是用五畜的奶子制成的全部食品的统称,肉食品是用五畜、猎物的肉制成的食品的统称。饮食文化是布里亚特蒙古文化的重要组成部分。     

“添加剂之神”自曝美味食品可怕内幕

安部司,在日本从事食品添加剂工作20多年,人称“添加剂活辞典”、“食品添加剂之神”。他熟知各种添加剂的用法,并协助厂商开发了几乎所有种类的加工食品。一次偶然事件,却让他陷入深深的自责,于是辞职,开始做关于添加剂的演讲,带领普通消费者深入食品加工的“背后”。     

食品添加剂在蛋糕中的应用及其原理

食品添加剂是指为改善食品品质和色、香、味,以及为防腐、保鲜和加工工艺的需要而加入食品中的人工合成或者天然物质。在蛋糕制作中,只要合理使用食品添加剂,就能得到安全、理想的产品。     

素“垃圾食品”

今天,要做严格的素食者不像以前那么难了。长久以来,严格素食的人都不会被邀请参加任何品尝美食的聚会,而且,他们都或多或少地遭到食品生产商的忽视。但现在,严格素食者也能够吃到软糖豆、冰淇淋、薯片、曲奇饼、蛋糕、软糖、热狗等食品了——所有这些食品都是专门为素食者生产的,完全不含荤腥。美国天然食品零售商Whole Foods为素食者生产素布丁、素巧克力蛋糕和素曲奇,     

西安曲江翠竹园西汉壁画墓霉菌分析研究

本文对西安翠竹园西汉壁画墓中的霉菌进行样品采集,采用微生物学实验技术方法进行霉菌鉴定,结果表明该壁画墓存在的霉菌为园弧青霉、淡紫青霉、桔青霉、内果青霉、新月弯孢菌、茄丝核菌等6种霉菌类种另外,根据霉菌鉴定结果和该壁画墓的具体情况,提出了相应的杀菌、防霉剂筛选方法和防霉措施。     

教育战线闹革命，工人当校长

1964年,北京食品厂办了一所半工半读学校。“文化大革命”之前,这所学校为旧北京市委内一小撮反革命修正主义分子所控制,走的是一条修正主义道路。学校自开学那天起,就大搞金钱挂帅,技术第一,妄图把学生引向白专道路,培养修正主义苗子。在教学上,     

试谈当前高校中的中国古典舞身韵教学

本文从古典舞身韵教学的基本要点、课程特点、如何教学以及作为高校教师所应注意的要点四个方面来详细阐述和分析当前高校中的中国古典舞身韵教学。作为一个学科的建设,中国古典舞已经走向成熟,而身韵教学是这一学科建设在舞蹈本体观、舞蹈方法论方面成熟的标志。     

'Nothing Can Ever Be the Case of 'Us' and 'Them' Again': Exploring the politics of difference through border pedagogy and student journal writing

Linda McDowell (1994) has called for styles of teaching which put into practice arguments about the 'politics of difference', which has become an increasingly central part of human geographical research. This paper draws on a number of years' experience of teaching an undergraduate course on multicultural historical geography, in which this was attempted. Here students were encouraged to get more involved in these debates, to take them more personally, and to develop 'situated knowledges' about the UK as a multicultural society. The approach to teaching, learning and assessment which made this possible was based on the principles of 'border pedagogy' and on students writing journals throughout the course which charted the development of their understandings of the materials they encountered.     

英语写作教学量化管理

我国现有的英语教学普遍存在重教轻管的问题,这是英语教学费时低效的一个重要原因。写作是英语教学中的一大难点,也是外语教学研究领域的一大热点。以英语写作为例,先从量化管理的概念、英语写作教学量化管理的理论依据及其具体内容两个方面进行论述,指出量化管理是强化学习动机提高学习效果的有效方法,英语教学改革应走管理之路。     

Teaching Research Methodology to Geography Undergraduates: rationale and practice in a human geography programme

Recent acknowledgement that geography students should gain knowledge and experience in the research process has not been matched by accounts of how this experience should be taught. In human geography, apart from a small selection of informative textbooks, scholars have remained relatively quiet on the matter of curriculum design and teaching programmes that would provide this experience. Instead, attention has been devoted to specific, individual research skills or selected intersections between teaching and research. In contrast, this paper argues that it is important to consider how we might best teach research methodology in a comprehensive manner to human geography undergraduates. The authors identify pedagogic and pragmatic reasons for teaching this material and then address some of the difficulties and challenges associated with this endeavour. Taking one New Zealand human geography example, the aims and structure of a 200-level course that attempts to provide such an example of research methodology teaching are then sketched out. Responses to the course are noted and followed by reflections on the pragmatic and disciplinary challenges that continue to exist.     

试论高校地理专业人文地理学的教学改革

依据7所高校地理专业课程设置的分析,可以发现我国高校地理专业人文地理学课程体系基本形成,《人文地理学》、《经济地理学》、《中国地理》、《世界地理》等课程成为人文地理学的核心课程。各高校根据自身特点,通过多种方式和途径,开设了涉及目前人文地理学发展较为成熟领域的课程。《人文地理学》的课程性质决定了它在人文地理学课程群中的总括地位,该课程的教学重点应该在于阐述人文地理学的基本理论、基本方法。课程性质和教学重点对教材提出了要求,我国不同时期出版的教材各具特色,但随着高校地理专业人文地理学课程体系日趋合理,《人文地理学》教材应与《人文地理学》课程性质和功能相一致。人文地理学外业实践教学不可或缺,但目前仍较薄弱,有待加强。人文地理学外业实践教学应以人地关系地域系统理论为指导思想,选择较为典型、富有代表性的地域进行。     

Stone Soup: photo-elicitation as a learning tool in the food geography classroom

This paper showcases self-reflective and inclusive pedagogy using photo-elicitation in a food geography course assignment. The Stone Soup project positions students as both researchers and participant-subjects in a participant-driven photo-elicitation (PDPE) study of students' foodways. Student papers for this assignment demonstrate rich understandings of the factors enabling and constraining food practices. We suggest that PDPE has value beyond being a research tool; it can empower students as learners and can offer a quality of insight and depth of engagement that are complementary to critical themes in food studies courses.     

旅游管理专业(本科)的课程体系和教学方法探讨

旅游管理专业(本科)是新修订的专业目录中唯一的旅游高等教育专业.本文主要探讨了在四年制本科教育的框架下,旅游管理专业的课程体系及其教学方法.     

Instagram photography and the geography field course: snapshots from Berlin

Although geography has long associated itself with photography, the rapid advancement of technology has created a clear divide between the visual practices regularly used in wider society and the way photography is utilized by critical geographers in their teaching. We suggest the door is ajar for new modes of (geo)photographic thinking, and one visual tool at our disposal is social media applications that allow images to be instantly shared, analysed, and discussed. This article critically reflects on the use of Instagram to enhance student participation, engagement, and learning on a geography field course in Berlin. Based on interviews with students, their field journals, and our own critical reflections, this paper looks at some advantages of using Instagram in teaching geography, but also promotes caution and presents drawbacks to relying on instant visual digital methods.     

教育部直属师范大学历史教学论类课程建设的几个问题

2007年国务院决定在教育部直属师范大学实行师范生免费教育,学科教学论的地位得到重视,学校对这类课程的要求也进一步提高。以往部属师范大学历史教学论类课程单一,内容庞杂,理论与实践分离,教学效果不理想。《历史教学论》作为一门学科,应该根据授课对象、培养目标、教学内容分解为多门课程,每一门课程集中力量完成师范生培养的某一个方面的任务,以提高教学质量。     

“读”与“写”有机地结合

语文教学包括讲读教学和作文教学两大内容。一般的语文教学方法是将讲读课与作文课完全分开来进行教学,认为两者联系并不十分密切,而且也很难将两者有机地结合起来进行教学,于是在讲读课上只进行范文教学,不搞作文教学,关于作文教学的内容或存在的问题则放到作文课上去教授、解决。其结果,无形中留给学生一个错觉,似乎讲读课文与写作文之间没有必然的联系;有的学生甚至更错误地认为不上语文课照样能写好作文。