灿烂辉煌话三川

三川地处民和回族土族自治县南部80公里处的黄河北岸,海拔1650米-1950米,平均气温10℃,包括官亭、中川、杏儿、甘沟、前河、满坪六个乡镇,总面积500多平方公里,总人口12万,其中土族近5万人,居住着土、汉、回、藏、撒拉、东乡、保安等民族,属甘青两省五县交界之处,东与甘肃永靖县毗邻,南与甘肃临夏州积石山保安族东乡族撒拉族自治县隔河相望,西南与青海循化撒拉族自治县接壤,西北与化隆回族自治县相接.     

1907年皖浙起事史料考辨

1907年徐锡麟、秋瑾等人筹划皖浙联合起事,是辛亥革命史上革命党十次武装反清之一,除清末民初的各种记载外①,各相关档案详略不等地先后收入了1949年后编撰的<辛亥革命浙江史料选辑>、<辛亥革命浙江史料续辑>、<秋瑾研究资料>②等多种资料集.其中,中国史学会主编、上海人民出版社出版的中国近代史资料丛刊<辛亥革命>因编者权威、资料集中、检索方便等因素,数十年来是研究辛亥革命史或相关课题者不可或缺的主体资料.     

通过绑架事件探讨中尼关系现状访中国社会科学院非洲问题专家刘乃亚

<华夏地理>:这次中国工人绑架事件是在什么背景下发生的? 刘:近年来,中国与尼日利亚经贸合作的力度不断加大.进入该国的华人凭借勤劳与智慧,在当地的口碑和影响力不断提升,当然也难免会引起一些不法之徒的注意.     

李白出生地在吐鲁番考

本文通过对范传正《唐左拾遗翰林学士李公新墓碑并序》所载"隋末多难,一房被窜于碎叶,流离散落,隐易姓名"等说的质疑和对相关地名的考实,证明李白的出生地不在中亚碎叶城,也不在哈密碎叶,而在今吐鲁番之地(故高昌城).     

摩洛哥彩色的童话

在非洲大陆的西北角,有这么一个奇妙国度,她四面“环海”:东南背靠撒哈拉大沙海,西临浩浩大西洋,北依地中海直布罗陀.她七彩缤纷,眩目多姿:从马拉喀什雕梁画栋的千姿百态到古城菲斯的天方夜谭,从卡萨布兰卡大清真寺的万般惊艳到梅克内斯的惊喜满途,从撒哈拉沙漠的漫漫黄沙到直布罗陀的天涯海角,更有舍夫沙万的梦幻蓝彩和艾西拉艺术小清新.毫不夸张的说,其万千姿彩绝对超出一般人的想象.     

编写志书应注意体现“简”字

<正>2010年,随着黑龙江省志编纂工作的深入开展,许多分志已完成了送审稿。笔者通过审阅部分送审稿,发现有些志稿文字较长,对资料未进行科学的分类归纳,缺乏高度概括和浓缩,使得志稿不够精练。在记述上语言繁杂,语句不顺。笔者认为,     

建设社会主义新农村的尖兵——访安徽省宿州市夏刘寨村支书王化东

在皖北宿州市,距凤阳小岗村100多公里的地方,一个叫夏刘寨的村庄,又在上演“红手印”的故事,但这边的故事与当年为大包干而摁手印的小岗村农民恰恰相反,是把分出去的土地重新集中了起来,并且还办理了公证。此事经媒体报道后,引起了安徽省省长王金山的高度重视,随后他批下了“建设社会主义新农村需要更多的王化东”等足有500余字的重要指示,分管农业的副省长赵树丛也相应做了批示。从而,“夏刘寨模式”传遍全省,影响及于全国。     

“秦权钱”质疑

清代后期多种钱币论著刊行于世,著录有称为秦代"权钱"的拓影。所谓"权钱",并非是流通货币,而是用于检验流通钱币是否符合标准的一种砝码,它取圆钱的形状,由古代官府铸造以防私铸劣钱。关于著录的"权钱",真假莫辨,研究者少有问津。曾维华教授从历史文献中看到,秦代铜钱并不存在所谓称量的说法。《睡虎地秦墓竹简·金布律》:"百姓市用钱,美恶杂之,勿敢异。"这个专门记载秦钱使用的律法,从根本上否认了这种"权钱"的存在。同时作者又从秦汉间"十"和"七"的不同写法,揭穿了"秦权钱"的虚假性,从而大胆否认了"秦权钱"的历史存在。宋代金石学经过元明的发展,清代进入了一个新阶段,范围不断扩大,其中的品类越来越多。好事者搜罗各种实物,加以描绘、捶拓取影,或加说明,编辑刊行,此类书的数量相当庞大。钱谱类书籍更是层出不穷,人们照谱识钱,作为觅钱之资。收藏古物从来是在雅俗之间,以欣赏、博物、怀古者为雅事,以居奇售卖者为俗态。只晚宋代起,贩售古物就夹杂假货,清代的假货多如牛毛,充斥市井。收藏家稍有疏忽,这类假古董就会混入,著录难免真伪杂陈。因而对于古代著录的古物,特别是清代以来的著录,研究者必先辨伪,此为头等大事。辨伪有文献证明、有考古实物验证,当然还有现代的科学技术手段。就这"秦权钱"而言,不仅理论上不能成立,字形上也有疑点,曾教授的文章已经论述透彻。但是有两点尚可以深入。其一,秦半两与汉五铢的钱形上有一个很大区别,秦半两钱无郭,汉钱有郭,如果"秦权钱"仿照秦钱,应是无郭,而著录却有郭。这个也是坊间伪造的过硬证明。其二,此类"秦权钱"并非全是作伪,那么它们不是"秦权钱",它应该是什么呢?其实在西汉陵山汉墓出土的实物,人们给了明确结论,这是"行乐钱"。那么在否定的同时应该适当的论述"行乐钱"的形制,这样,文章做到功德圆满了。     

《思想与时代》创刊号

抗日战争期间国内一批知名学者随清华、北大、浙大、中大、山大等学校迁至西南三省,由张其昀、张荫麟,贺麟、钱穆、朱光潜、谢幼伟等发起,在后方创办《思想与时代》月刊,因这些发起人和所在的学校分散于昆明、成都、乐山、遵义等地,便把编辑部设在贵州遵义的国立浙江大学,由浙大史地系主任张其昀负主编责任,于1941年8月1日在贵州遵义出版第一期(如图).因在该刊撰文者皆是学界精英,在一定程度上反映了当时国内人文社科学术研究的动态和水平,所以刊物出版后颇受欢迎,曾在全国学界风靡一时,影响极为深远.     

浙江千佛山循那一缕茶香抵达秘境

所谓禅茶一味,茶与佛历来有着密切的关系.又是一年春季来到,茶树蓬勃的嫩芽,经采撷、炒制,又幻化为一季的好茶了.而在佛教名山浙江千佛山,就辟有茶园,种植有茶树. 早年间,在这灵气逼人的玄妙佛境,有零星的野茶树散落在丛林间、秀水旁、云端里,在千佛山修禅的僧侣们亲手将这些野茶采撷收集后制作成佛茶饮用.不知是不是这些吸取天气之精华的茶叶具有了佛性,常年饮用这些佛茶的僧侣们个个身体强健,无病无疾,而且肤色细腻红润,光洁透亮,令人惊奇和艳羡.     

道光、咸丰时期贵州知府的官场交往——从《安顺、黎平府公牍》所见

本文以《安顺、黎平府公牍》为主要材料,考察贵州知府常恩在官场中的人际交往活动,以此揭示晚清官场中的诸多细节,旨在增进我们对晚清地方官场的认识,并借此探讨官场交往与行政效率的关系。     

An experimental approach to the study of interpersonal violence in Northeastern Patagonia (Argentina), during the late Holocene

This paper incorporates an experimental approach to the study of violence patterns in Northeastern Patagonia (Argentina) during the late Holocene. The underlying hypothesis considers a close association between socio-ecologic alterations during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA) (ca. 1150-600 years BP; Stine, 1994, 2000) and a probable increase in conflict levels. In order to test this hypothesis, human skulls (n = 986) were analyzed for bone lesions, discriminating late bone lesions, such as those produced by metal tools. The experimental approach used swine (Sus scrofa domestica) skulls, as proxies for human skulls, and incorporated original sabers. From this discriminating analysis, it can be inferred that no significant increase in violence signs were recorded until the first stages of Hispanic-indigenous contact (first half of 17th century). These findings emphasize the need for a revision of the implications of the dynamics of human populations in Northeastern Patagonia during the late Holocene.     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.