The Relations Bwetween Geography and History Reconsidered

The ideas of Sauer, Darby, Clark, and Meinig have had a formative influence on the making of modern Anglo–American historical geography. These scholars emphasized the spatial– and place–;focused orientation of geography, contrasting it with history’s concern with time, the past, and change. Historical geography was conceived as combining the spatial interests of geography with the temporal interest of history, creating a field concerned with changing spatial patterns and landscapes. This idea of historical geography avoided issues in the philosophy of history by making the historical geographer a kind of spectator to external changes in the ways things were ordered and arranged on the face of the earth. This “natural history” view of historical geography failed to deal with history conceived as an autonomous mode of understanding in which the scholar’s task is to understand human activity as an embodiment of thought. Historical geography is more adequately conceived as a Collingwoodian–type historical discipline, in which the task of the historical geographer is aimed at rethinking and displaying the thought of historical agents as their actions relate to the physical environment. The traditional subject matter of historical geography is not thereby redefined, but a change in the way geography is seen in its relation to history is necessitated.     

D. W. Meinig and The Shaping of America

Published over eighteen years, between 1986 and 2004, in four volumes and well over 2000 pages, Donald Meinig's The Shaping of America quartet is one of modern geography's most substantial achievements. It warrants and repays careful attention. This essay seeks first to situate or contextualize The Shaping project by attending to the development of Meinig's ideas and scholarship before 1986. It argues that the approaches and emphases of Meinig's magnum opus were substantially but not entirely adumbrated by his earlier work and that the four volumes reflect something of the intellectual contexts in which Meinig developed his ideas about historical geography and the discipline more generally, as well as of Meinig's own particular interests and circumstances. The second section of this essay turns attention to the four volumes and offers some assessment of their contribution to, and significance for, geography, historical geography, and the study of American and Atlantic history.     

THE DISTRIBUTION OF SCOTS AND IRISH IN UPPER CANADA, 1851-71

Recent geographical studies of evolving cultural patterns in North America have encompassed spatial scales from continental (Meinig 1986; Rooney, Zelinsky et al. 1982; Zelinsky 1973) to local (Clarke and Skof 1985; Millward 1981; Norris 1984). This interest may reflect, in part, previous neglect of cultural dimensions in North American geography, as well as emerging conceptual insights including that of the 'charter group' of founding colonists (Porter 1965), the somewhat similar 'doctrine of first effective settlement' (Zelinsky 1973), and the classification of spatial-cultural types within emerging regions of the continent (Meinig 1986).     

中国历史地理学的理论体系、学科属性与研究方法

本文总结了有关中国历史地理学理论方面的若干问题 ,认为历史地理学具有区域性、演变性、结构综合性与有用于世的目的性 ,前三点也与构成其研究内容的空间、时间、部门 (专题 )三大要素相对应 ,其理论体系中除了包括历史自然和历史人文地理诸分支外 ,还应包括区域综合历史地理学、历史地理学理论、历史地图学、应用历史地理学。尽管历史地理学界已普遍认为历史地理学应该属于地理科学 ,但实际上其却多作为历史学的专门史而存在着。本文分析了这种理论与实践脱离状态的形成原因 ,并希望经过长期努力 ,把历史地理学建设成为一门独立的综合性学科     

日本历史地理学研究述评

本文主要从下列十九个方面对日本的历史地理学进行了述评 :(1)日本历史地理学研究的起源 ,(2 )京都大学历史地理学研究中心的形成 ,(3)研究资料及方法 ,(4 )与日本历史地理学发展有关的学会 ,(5 )史前地理 ,(6)条里制 ,(7)景观变迁 ,(8)城市 ,(9)聚落 ,(10 )交通 ,(11)人口 ,(12 )农业与灌溉 ,(13)森林与渔业 ,(14)工商业 ,(15 )政治 ,(16)历史地理学中之符号和语意学的新发展 ,(17)区域研究 ,(18)其他方面历史地理学的研究 ,(19)历史地理学理论的探讨     

论克利福德·达比的区域历史地理学理论与实践

克利福德·达比 (Clifford Darby,190 9- 1992 ) ,著名英国历史地理学家 ,对英国历史地理学的发展做出了杰出贡献 ,他的学术思想也影响到中国现代历史地理学的形成与发展。达比一生的学术研究工作基本可以分为四个方面 :1.英国东南部沼泽地 (The Fenland)研究 ;2 .《清册地理》研究 ;3.英格兰历史地理研究 ;4 .历史地理学方法论的探讨。本文从这四个方面对达比的区域历史地理学理论与实践做了系统评述     

THE END OF AMERICA: THE BEGINNING OF CANADA - A RESPONSE

In his recent article entitled 'The end of America: The beginning of Canada,' Patrick McCreevy (1988) asserts that the Falls at Niagara act as a visible border or 'wall,' which separates two vastly different places. Since the American Revolution, however, Canadians and Americans residing along the Niagara frontier have made every effort to reach across the river which separates them. By means of either improved transportation and communication facilities, by marriage, or the free trade agreements of 1854 and 1989, local Niagarans have overcome the physical barrier of the river. In fact, in the summer of 1989, Canadians and Americans paid tribute to two centuries of 'openness' and peace along the Niagara Frontier with a four-day 'friendship festival' held in July.     

Emplacing Current Trends in Feminist Historical Geography

In this article, the authors assess some of the major trends within anglophonic feminist historical geography appearing in the decade since Rose & Ogborn called for the development of an explicitly feminist approach to the subfield. In examining the 'geography' of feminist historical geographies, three main categories of scholarship are evident: a 'new' historical geography of North America, portions of which are informed by feminist theories and methods; a British school of feminist historical geography with a focus on the discipline of geography, geographical knowledges and colonialism/imperialism; and feminist historical geography interventions in cultural politics of space and place. A diversity of feminist methods and epistemologies appears across the literature. In an attempt to avoid a reading of these trends as better or worse approximations of historical 'progress', the authors conceptualize them as emplaced within a number of specific social and spatial contexts. Most recent work is concerned with the production of gender differences as they are worked through economic, political, cultural and sexual differences in the creation of past geographies. The continued need simply to write women into historical narratives and geographies, however, is also evident. The work of feminist historical geography questions and challenges geography's masculinist historical record.     

1981～2010年间的国际历史地理学研究——基于国际期刊《历史地理学杂志》的统计分析

《历史地理学杂志》是一份具有高学术质量的历史地理学国际学术期刊。通过对《历史地理学杂志》1981～2010年间所发表的论文、书评等的统计分析,结果表明,过去30年间,在研究内容方面,历史地理研究涉及5大领域18个方面,历史人文地理研究始终是热点领域,历史自然地理研究始终是薄弱环节,历史文化地理研究越来越热;在作者来源方面,历史地理作者来自全球36个国家,欧美化现象十分突出,英国、美国、加拿大籍作者占90%以上,与此同时,多元化特征趋弱,作者国籍从1981～1990年间的35个国家减少到2001～2010年间的19个国家;在研究区域方面,热点区域是欧美发达国家,对英国、美国、法国、加拿大4国的研究最多,欧洲、非洲、太平洋地区、加勒比海地区、大西洋等地区也受到较多关注。     

ON THE CONTENT AND THE TASKS OF HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY (AS THE HISTORY OF NATURE MANAGEMENT)

A Pleistocene geologist calls for a totally new approach to the study of geography as the basic discipline concerned with the man-nature relationship, or what he terms nature management (Russian, prirodopol'zovaniye). He views the basic study object of an essentially unified geography as natural-technical territorial complexes (biotechnocenoses or geotechnocenoses), requiring investigation in three time dimensions—the past (historical geography), the present (dynamic geography) and the future (predictive geography). In keeping with the proposition that historical geography should be a separate, unified discipline, a distinctive historical-geographic periodization is proposed, differing from the periodizations in use in paleogeography, anthropology, archeology and history.     

雷纳德·格尔柯历史地理学思想简论

雷纳德·格尔柯是当代加拿大享有盛誉的历史地理学家 ,在历史地理学理论与方法上颇有建树 ,其学术观点代表了西方现代历史地理学界一种流派。本文旨在通过对其历史地理学主要学术思想和观点的评述 ,以期对国内学者认识和了解当今西方现代历史地理学观点有所帮助     

Interpreting Enterprise,State, and Society: A Critical Review of the Literature in Modern Chinese Business History, 1978–2008

This article offers a critical review of literature in the area of modern Chinese business history from 1978 to 2008. It focuses on four interconnected topics: (1) the evolution of industrial capitalism, (2) the adoption of corporate hierarchies and/or social networks, (3) the change of financial institutions and monetary system, and (4) the development of state-owned industries and the formation of the (central) state enterprise system. The review reveals not only significant growth of the field of modern Chinese business history over the last three decades but also the existence of major gaps. The article concludes by considering the implications of its findings for understanding the political economy of business enterprises and enterprise systems in different national and historical contexts.     

Interpreting enterprise, state, and society: A critical review of the literature in modern Chinese business history, 1978�C2008

This article offers a critical review of literature in the area of modern Chinese business history from 1978 to 2008. It focuses on four interconnected topics: (1) the evolution of industrial capitalism, (2) the adoption of corporate hierarchies and/or social networks, (3) the change of financial institutions and monetary system, and (4) the development of state-owned industries and the formation of the (central) state enterprise system. The review reveals not only significant growth of the field of modern Chinese business history over the last three decades but also the existence of major gaps. The article concludes by considering the implications of its findings for understanding the political economy of business enterprises and enterprise systems in different national and historical contexts.     

中国历史地理学的回顾与前瞻

中国历史地理学是一门既古老而又年轻的科学,是研究历史时期我国地理现象和人地关系的科学。这是近几十年来治此学的学人经过历时长久的论证,与历来的沿革地理学不同,沿革地理学只是中国历史地理学中历史人文地理的一个部分,不能以一个部分代替全面。中国历史地理学是一门有用于世的学科,当前国家的建设事业,多与此学有关,深望治此学人共同努力,多所建树,无负于时代的使命。     

抗战时期对西南历史地理的研究

抗战时期,随国民政府还都重庆,大批史地学者和教学科研机构云集西南。他们应西南开发的需要,积极开展西南历史地理的教学、科研工作,并在对西南历史政治地理、西南历史民族地理、西南历史经济地理、西南历史自然地理等方面的研究上取得不同程度的进展。西南历史地理研究的特点主要表现在内容、方法、目的三个方面。     

企业地理研究述评

西方发达国家自本世纪60年代以来,企业地理研究的理论、方法和实践已有了很大进展。为开展我国企业地理研究,本文围绕着企业地理研究的方法、产生背景及其发展阶段、主要研究领域以及研究动向等四个方面进行探讨,并认为在我国开展企业地理研究具有广阔的发展前景和深远的理论与实践意义。     

How are non-geography majors motivated in a large introductory world geography course?

University students who do not declare geography as their major are at risk of poor motivation to learn in an introductory geography class. However, research exploring the role of non-majors' motivation is lacking. This study examines motivational factors impacting non-geography students' engagement and performance. The findings suggest that non-geography majors demonstrate deep engagement when they focus on mastering the content and value geography. Also, when students feel confident of learning geography, they are more likely to demonstrate a high level of achievement. The paper concludes with practical suggestions for enhancing non-geography students' motivation and engagement in an introductory geography class.     

Travels with feminist historical geography

We explore in this essay the relatively uneven "travels" of feminist historical geography within the academy in order to highlight the realized and potential intellectual productivity that can result from bringing together a feminist and historical approach to understanding place and space. We outline in what ways much of feminist geography is already historical and in what ways much of historical geography is already feminist, and then turn to a discussion of the unevenness of these intellectual journeys. We conclude by suggesting challenges for future research in feminist historical geography.     

明清时期汉江宜城段河道变迁与楚鄢都城址研究

武汉大学历史地理研究所石泉教授探索古代荆楚地理,其中一个关键问题是楚国鄢都的地址,认为楚鄢都应在今湖北省宜城市东北20多里处的今汉江河道上。本文依据明清地方志,及更早期的相关文献,参以实地田野地理调查,复原这一带汉江古河道变迁情况,从而揭示古城与相关河流地貌史的关系。     

论王先谦的《五洲地理志略》

《五洲地理志略》是王先谦晚年在学术研究方向转变之后所撰的一本比较成熟的史地学著作。作者以传播、普及中外历史地理知识为宗旨,向人们介绍西方史地学知识,并且将忧国意识与传统的史学方法融入撰写内容之中。作者对中外相关书籍认真比较后,广搜博采,严密考订,尤其关注于新近出现的人文地理大事件。作者重视探讨救亡途径,故而该书的撰述还体现出经世思想与忧患意识的时代特征。