评《陕西省志·军事志》

有这样一种说法：一个国家、一个时代,其最杰出的智慧,往往表现在军事思想中;其最高的科技成就,往往反映在军事技术中,尤其是在战争时期。     

“财政-军事国家”论在西方学界的发展与演变北大核心CSSCI

近代早期欧洲国家形成与军事活动之间的关系是西方学界关注的热点问题。美国学者约翰·布鲁尔提出“财政-军事国家”概念,强调行政机构扩大、财政税收增加与军事力量膨胀三者之间的关系。这一概念一经提出,很快成为分析近代欧洲国家形成与军事活动的重要框架,但它本身也存在一定的缺陷,例如,夸大了近代早期国家的能力、忽视了对财政资源的使用状况。近年来,一些西方学者试图对“财政-军事国家”概念进行补充与修正。“承包人国家”概念挑战了“公共”与“私人”的二元对立,着眼于国家将部分战争工作承包给私人,强调了私人部门在近代早期欧洲军事活动中的关键作用。“财政-军事体系”则采取了跨国的视角,关注国家、次级主权政治体和私人之间在军事活动中的互动,通过一系列“财政-军事中心”交易战争所需的人力、资金、物资、专家、服务和情报,从而勾勒出一个遍及欧洲的战争资源网络。这些研究极大地拓展了近代欧洲军事史和国家形成的视野与思路。     

"十大兵工"在龙江

军事工业在黑龙江老工业基地中占有重要地位,全省有15大军工企业,其中兵器工业有10大企业。黑龙江省兵器工业是随着解放战争的进程而逐步建立起来的,大规模的发展是在建国初期。1950年6月25日,美帝国主义发动了侵朝战争,黑龙江地区的军事工业由和平生产环境转入战时生产环境。积极生产抗美援朝所需的武器装备,先后从沈阳等地南厂北迁8个军工企业,使我省军工企业由5个增加到13个,壮大了黑龙江省军事工业的力量,逐步建成了坦克、火炮、枪、炮弹、航弹、火箭弹、特种弹和枪弹等兵器工业生产企业,奠定了我省兵器工业的基础,     

论德国军事顾问团对中国整军与抗日战略设计的贡献

南京国民政府统治时期,德国军事顾问团的在华活动是中德关系的主要内容之一。随着对20世纪30年代中德关系研究的深入,目前学术界对德国军事顾问团在华活动的梗概已经基本明了。1本文关注的重点主要为抗战开始前德国军事顾问团在整编军队与战略设计上为中国政府准备抗战做出的具体贡献。在德国军事顾问团的帮助下,国民政府的军队建设与抗日战略准备取得了一定的成果。     

再论中法战争结局——从军事的角度看“乘胜即收”

中法战争“中国不败而败,法国不胜而胜”,人们普遍认为这是清政府腐败和卖国造成的,但是中国军事的落后也是一个重要的原因。     

再论中法战争结局——从军事的角度看“乘胜即收”

中法战争"中国不败而败,法国不胜而胜",人们普遍认为这是清政府腐败和卖国造成的,但是中国军事的落后也是一个重要的原因.     

抗战前德国军事顾问团对中国军事教育的改进与贡献

在南京国民政府统治时期内,德国军事顾问团的在华活动是当时中德关系的主要内容之一。由于顾虑凡尔赛和约的限制,当时中德双方对于德国军事顾问团的在华活动大多避而不谈。②随着对三十年代中德关系研究的深入,学术界目前对于德国军事顾问团在华活动的梗概已经基本明了。③本文主要阐述了德国军事顾问团与当时中国的军事教育之间的关系及德国军事顾问团为中国的军事教育发展做了哪些工作,究竟在军事教育方面发挥了多大的作用。     

“准战争”思想给新的历史起点上军事斗争的深刻启示

习近平总书记曾经反复告诫我们：在新的历史起点上,必须准备进行许多具有新特点的伟大斗争。朱文泉上将在《岛屿战争论》中提出的＂准战争＂方式,就是充分反映并适应＂新特点伟大斗争＂的重要军事思想。这一军事思想,对指导新的历史起点上我国军事斗争具有极其重要的现实意义,是当代十分难得、值得深入探讨和拓展的军事大智慧。＂准战争＂是贯穿《岛屿战争论》的重要军事思想在《岛屿战争论》＂瞻论＂中,作者对＂准战争＂方式作了重点深入论述。     

80年代以来的中国古代军事历史研究

８０年代以来的中国古代军事历史研究童超中国是一个军事历史遗产十分丰富的国家。在历史上发生过不同性质、形式与规模的战争数以千计,有着丰富的战争经验;指导这些战争的统帅和名将谋臣以其富有远见卓识的谋略决策,为后人留下宝贵的精神财富;中国还是世界上最早发明...     

新军事变革对国防投入的影响

以信,怎技术为先导的新军事革命的蓬勃发展,不仅改变了战争的形态、规模、方式等,而且改变了战争的物质手段和未来国防建设的重大理论。作为国防建设和国防活动财力基础的国防投入,必然也会受到新军事变革的影响。本论述了军队结构的战略性调整和战争形态的变化对国防投入带来的影响,并指出新军事变革条件下的国防投入应在结构、方向和规模上有所转变。     

Ending Cold War fears: expectation and interpretation in Mass Observers’ responses to the Gulf War, 1990–1991

This article considers responses to the Mass Observation Project’s Gulf Crisis sub-directive. It argues firstly that observers’ responses show how a potential war within Iraq in 1990/1991 was framed by fear of global conflagration and suggests that these fears were rooted in memories of the later cold war. Secondly it argues that the Gulf War was interpreted as a rapid and successful conflict, which dispelled pre-war fears of global conflagration/nuclear war, and demonstrated that the UK could be involved in large-scale modern military conflicts without risking escalation and global catastrophe.     

德国与南京政府时期之军事变革研究

南京政府建立之际,日患渐重。对此,从1928年到1938年,在德国军事顾问的协助下,紧跟世界潮流,在武器装备更新、军队编制调整、军事教育等领域进行了大幅度的军事变革,使中国的军事发展适应了机械化战争的需要,也为即将到来的抗日战争奠定了坚实的物质基础。     

Speakers at War in the Late 14th and 15th Centuries

The significance of war in the development of the medieval English parliament is well known. The origins of the speakership are located in the context of the Hundred Years War, which began in 1337 and in which the English were still embroiled at the time of the Good Parliament of 1376. It was at this parliament that the Commons first chose a spokesperson, Sir Peter de la Mare, knight of the shire for Herefordshire. This article considers the military careers of de la Mare and his successors to the end of the Hundred Years War in 1453. Did the war have an impact on the choice of Speaker? Was a military man chosen for parliaments where military matters were to be discussed? We know the identity of the Speaker in 53 of the 64 parliaments between 1376 and 1453. Several served more than once, so that we are left with a group of 33 individuals to analyse. An overall trend is discernable. Up to 1407 all known Speakers were belted knights, and most had extensive military experience before they took up office. Only five of the 19 parliaments between 1422 and 1453 had Speakers of knightly rank: otherwise, Speakers with legal and administrative, rather than military, experience were chosen. In the years from 1407 to 1422 the speakership was occupied by a mixture of soldiers and administrators many of whom were closely connected to the royal duchy of Lancaster and to revival of English aggression towards France from 1415 onwards.     

比较中的审视——中日近代军事变革比较研究

在内忧外患的冲击下,中国和日本几乎同时启动了军事变革。但晚清政府在甲午战争中的惨败,却宣告了中国近代军事变革的顿挫。当百年之后的今天,我们对它进行比较时,发现日本在指导理论、政府威权以及军事变革诸要素的变革上,比晚清政府处理地更加科学和高效。     

Mephisto

This article explores the resonances of objects that travelled between continents and the entangled imaginaries tied to them – here a 30-tonne German military tank captured by Australian soldiers during the First World War in France and shipped to Brisbane to be exhibited at the Queensland Museum. The author ‘reads’ the tank, intriguingly named ‘Mephisto’, as the apotheosis of nature/culture divide entrenched in nineteenth-century colonialism, which exported the taxonomies of the Enlightenment to the antipodes and in return repatriated objects of flora and fauna all over Europe. Mephisto thus also marks the manifestation of a German–Australian modernity: developed from the agricultural tractor, the tank remains a brutal and clumsy device designed purely to subdue and conquer territory.     

抗美援朝的战略决策在政治与军事互动中的得与失

抗美援朝战争的特殊性决定了其政治与军事的互动作用与以往战争相比更有特殊性的表现 ,如政治对军事的主导作用增强 ;军事行动所追求的目标已不再是以全歼敌人并摧毁国家机器为目的的全面胜利 ,而是在力争维护国内国际和平前提下取得打退敌人有限胜利等。由于这些特殊性 ,使我党在以政治和军事互动作用为基础的抗美援朝的战略决策上有得有失     

华北革命根据地的军婚保护制度与实践困局

抗日战争及解放战争时期,中共华北各抗日根据地及解放区政府相继颁布了具有现代性的新型婚姻条例,以推进传统婚姻制度改革,其中军婚作为一种非普通婚姻自有其特殊规定。军婚纠纷处理既要考量前线战士的军事积极性,又要关切军人配偶的生产、生活、生理需求;既要兼顾婚姻立法中所体现的"婚姻自由"原则,又要遵循"一切服务于战争"的总方针。如此则无可避免地陷入立法规范与司法实践的困局,而且这种情形直至新中国成立之前均无法彻底破解。不过,此时之军婚改革与实践对现代军婚制度的确立和发展具有丰富的经验意义。     

试析三菱财阀迅速发展的原因

三菱财阀迅速发展的原因主要有以下两个方面:第一,岩崎家族人才辈出、同心同德;第二,三菱的企业经营适应了日本近代资本主义发展的模式,即三菱在明治前期充当"政商"的企业经营战略.以及19世纪90年代以后大力发展军事重工业的企业经营战略,都是与日本政府选择的"官方倡导"、"武力扩张、以战争促发展"的近代资本主义发展模式相一致的.     

Winning a War with Words: oaths as means in military conflict in early modern Scandinavia

From a distance, the many wars that took place during the early modern period were fought by kings and armies, conquering territories and losing them, signing peace treaties and breaking them. Wars fought with armies were, however, costly and, if possible, the rulers did what they could to avoid them while still trying to acquire and protect territories. One strategy employed was to persuade the people of a disputed territory to surrender to the conquering state by swearing an oath of allegiance to its king. Seen in this perspective, territories could be acquired and lost by using the oaths as means in military conflict. The following article discusses the role of oaths in keeping and conquering territories in the early modern Scandinavian countries, with a special focus on Sweden and to some degree Sweden’s constant enemy during this period, Denmark-Norway. It also studies the same oaths from the people’s point of view, and what happened after an oath was sworn and the war ended. By taking examples from areas under dispute, the article investigates how oaths could be used by both authorities and subjects in warfare and after in the early modern context.