陈独秀晚年对民主普适性的探讨

关于陈独秀晚年的民主思想,论者甚众,以笔者之见,陈氏晚年最为强调的就是民主的普适性及资产阶级民主对社会主义的继承价值。当此普世价值争论激烈之际,回顾陈独秀对民主的思考,自不无意义。     

论建党时期陈独秀的民主思想

陈独秀是中国共产党的主要创始人之一。本从陈独秀是资产阶级民主的传播、是无产阶级民主的捍卫以及陈独秀民主思想的历史局限性三个方面,论述了建党时期陈独秀的民主思想。     

陈独秀抗战主张述评

陈独秀抗战主张述评史远香作为中国共产党的早期领袖之一,陈独秀的政治主张对中共的路线、方针及中国革命局势的变化,曾产生过重要影响,以往人们对他的研究也主要集中在这个方面,而对他在３０年代以后的抗日主张,研究尚不充分。而这项研究,对于评价陈独秀晚年政治思...     

陈独秀晚年民主宪政思想时间的界定

2000年后,陈独秀晚年民主宪政思想研究趋热,但晚年时期的界定则没有定论,本文在总结以往研究的基础上,针对晚年民主宪政问题提出独到见解。     

论陈独秀晚年思想的回归

陈独秀是新文化运动的倡导者,马克思主义在中国的重要传播者,他在晚年进行反思,在民主理论上有了重大转变。本文对陈独秀晚年思想的内容和转变原因进行分析和探讨。     

马克思的五种社会形态理论与陈独秀的“二次革命论”

理论界在考察陈独秀的"二次革命论"的思想来源和理论基础时,往往与苏联和共产国际的指示、与其自身残存的资产阶级民主思想、与国共合作的实际环境相联系,实际上这只是一种表面现象.只要仔细阅读陈独秀的著述,不难发现,陈独秀在论述中国革命的一系列问题时,是基于其社会历史进化观,这种社会历史进化观深受马克思的五种社会形态理论的影响,可以说,马克思的五种社会形态理论才是陈独秀"二次革命论"的理论基础.     

陈独秀晚年穷困潦倒之谜

陈独秀晚年在江津3年多的时间里,有着每月数百元固定收入及众多新老朋友不菲的资助,并有撰文、写对联、题匾额等其他收入,总进项足以维持一个不错的生活。然而他却入不敷出、穷困潦倒,甚至将别人所送皮袍典当,其原因何在?《陈独秀晚年穷困潦倒之谜》一文,依据陈独秀做人的原则与气节和他当时生活来源及相关史实,对此作了探寻。     

制约缺位：苏联政体的陷阱——陈独秀晚年对社会主义民主的思考

陈独秀晚年对前苏联的政治体制进行过冷峻的思考.他的结论是:斯大林的个人独裁,斯大林对民主的粗暴践踏,根本原因不在于他"个人心术特别坏",而在于政体存在严重弊端--最高统治者手中的权力缺乏起码的制约;是独裁制造就了独裁者,而绝非相反.陈独秀晚年对社会主义民主的思考,是独到的,具有前瞻性的.他明确地告诫人们:社会主义革命后建立的"民主政权",离真正的民主自由制度还差十万八千里;不吸收、借鉴资本主义时代的政治文明机制,不搭建权力分立、监督、制衡框架,不真正确立和完善民主选举、民主决策、言论自由等等具体的制度和程序,社会主义民主必然有其名而无其实,个人集权专断的悲剧便难免重演!陈独秀晚年的这些思考和见解,不仅在20世纪已经得到了验证,在刚刚迈入门槛的21世纪,依然具有现实的启示意义.     

民族主义内在的困境——陈独秀国家观从民族主义到自由主义的转变

在近代中国思想史上,陈独秀堪称思想历程最为曲折的人物之一.早年他服膺民族主义,后来转奉自由主义(民主主义),又转而信仰社会主义(共产主义),晚年他的思想走向社会主义、自由主义和民族主义的大综合.本文所考察的,是陈独秀从民族主义到自由主义的转变,以及这次转变所呈现的民族主义的内在困境.     

张闻天民主思想初探

无产阶级革命家张闻天,早年受西方资产阶级民主主义思想的影响,是反对封建专制主义的斗士.他成为党的重要领导人之后,为促进党和国家的民主建设做出了杰出的贡献.他晚年身处逆境,特殊的历史环境使他的民主思想得到升华.中国革命与建设的伟大实践反复证明,他的民主思想具有宝贵的价值;党的建设理论的深入研究也说明,他的党内民主建设的思想具有强大的生命力.     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the