杭州萧山溪头黄东晋南朝、唐宋墓发掘报告

杭州萧山溪头黄墓地于1984年发掘,清理古墓葬76座,其中战国墓3座,两汉墓葬59座,东晋南朝墓葬6座,唐宋墓7座,明墓1座,共计出土文物1012件(组)。此次公布的材料为东晋南朝墓与唐宋墓,为研究东晋南朝和唐宋时期中国南方地区的丧葬习俗提供了新资料。     

南京大学北园东晋大墓的时代及墓主身份的讨论——兼论东晋时期的合葬墓

据南京大学北园东晋大墓墓葬形制的时代特点,及墓内遗物可区分为东晋早期前段、东晋早期后段和南朝3组,并依据献记载推定其建于东晋初年的元帝建平陵,主室后部东西两侧所葬二人分别是元帝司马睿及被迫尊的虞皇后,侧室内葬人可能是明帝生母豫章郡君荀氏。     

江苏镇江东晋画像砖墓的渊源和意义补论

江苏镇江东晋画像砖发掘简报曾从历史背景出发,简略指出镇江东晋墓兼具山东和先秦楚文化特点。在简报认识的基础上,再补充若干重要实例并进行分析,可以发现六朝时期今镇江地区自成文化圈,镇江东晋画像砖墓是观察汉晋文化嬗变之迹的典型材料。     

江苏镇江东晋纪年墓清理简报

1986年,镇江博物馆在市郊发掘3座东晋时期墓葬,现分述如下: 一、谏壁油库东晋墓（编号M1） 该墓位于长江之滨的一个山坡上,墓室保存完整,甬道被压于房基之下。 墓葬结构:该墓为凸字形券顶砖室     

南京市江宁区胡村南朝墓

2001年9月,在南京市区北部的郭家山西麓发掘了三座东晋时期砖室墓。根据 M12发现的温式之墓志,可以确认此处为东晋名臣温峤的家族墓地。温氏家族墓的发现,对研究东晋早期大型穹隆顶砖室墓的形制、墓葬等级、墓主身份及丧葬制度等提供了重要资料,也为寻找东晋帝陵的位置提供了重要的线索。     

广州市黄埔区百草岗东晋墓M2、M7发掘简报

2013年,广州市文物考古研究院在广州市黄埔区百草岗发掘了两座东晋墓。两墓均为带墓道双墓室砖墓,平面呈“中”字形,封门、甬道、前室、后室、券顶等结构保存比较完整,规模较大,形制复杂。出土随葬器物23件（套）,有青瓷四系罐、碗、盒、砚台以及滑石猪等。两墓既有东晋墓葬的特征,又带有南朝墓的某些特点,反映了东晋至南朝早期过渡时期的墓葬形制,为研究广州地区六朝时期墓葬的分期、形制和丧葬习俗等提供了新的实物资料。     

南京雨花台东晋纪年墓发掘简报

南京雨花台东晋纪年墓位于南京市雨花台区,2006年11月由南京市博物馆与南京市雨花台区文化局联合对其进行了发掘。该墓出土的铭文砖上的纪年为东晋太元四年(379年),另外还出土有青瓷器、陶器等,确切的纪年为南京地区东晋时期的中小型墓葬及随葬器物提供了断代的依据。     

马鞍山东晋“建元二年”墓分析——两晋偏室墓研究之二

马鞍山地区发现的东晋“建元二年”墓墓葬形制较为特殊,发掘简报认为是前后室砖墓。结合该地区吴晋墓葬的发展,认为其形制为主室附加侧室,并将其与南京大学北园东晋大墓进行比较。在此基础上,全面考虑南方地区(长江中游和下游)平面形制近方形晋墓的时空发展,探讨两晋社会变迁对墓葬文化因素的影响。     

安徽马鞍山雨山银塘东晋墓发掘简报

2009年,安徽省马鞍山市博物馆抢救性发掘了马鞍山雨山银塘东晋墓。该墓是一座带甬道的单室砖墓,已严重破坏,但二十多件随葬品时代特征明显。出土的陶俑佐证了六朝时期男女衣著没有严格界限区分的特点,棺床和祭台构筑形式为研究长江下游东晋"凸"字形砖室墓形制演变提供了珍贵的实物资料。     

南京象山东晋王丹虎墓和二、四号墓发掘简报

在南京北郊新民门外一公里余的象山(俗称人台山),我会继清理了一号墓即兴之夫妇墓以后,又在其东西两侧相继清理了两座东晋墓和一座南朝墓,共中三号墓为     

The American Constitutional Order: History,Cases, and Philosophy

Abstract

Williams, Bernard Shame and Necessity Berkeley, CA: University of California Press 254 pp., $25.00, ISBN 0520-080467 Publication Date: 1993

Goldfarb, Jeffrey C. The Cynical Society: The Culture of Politics and the Politics of Culture in American Life Chicago: University of Chicago Press 200 pp., $22.50, ISBN 0-226-30106-0 Publication Date: 1991

Blanchard, Margaret A. Revolutionary Sparks: Freedom of Expression in Modern America New York: Oxford University Press 572 pp., $49.95, ISBN 0-19-505436-9 Publication Date: February 1992

Kaplan, Marshall and Sue O'Brien The Governors and the New Federalism Boulder, CO: Westview 136 pp., $18.95 paper, ISBN 0-8123-8371-4 Publication Date: June 1991

Keith, Bruce E., David B. Magleby, Candice J. Nelson, Elizabeth Orr, Mark C. Westlye, Raymond E. Wolfinger The Myth of the Independent Voter Berkeley, CA: University of California Press 224 pp., ISBN 0-520-03688-3 Publication Date: 1992

Kreml, William P. Losing Balance: The De-Democratization of America Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe 188 pp., $29.95 cloth, ISBN 0-87332-846-9 Publication Date: October 1991

Silbey, Joel H. The American Political Nation, 1838-1893 Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press 348 pp., $35.00, ISBN 0-8047-1878-4 Publication Date: November 1991

Bickers, Kenneth N. and Robert M. Stein Federal Domestic Outlays, 1983-1990: A Data Book Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe 308 pp., $45.00, ISBN: 0-87332-840-X Publication Date: November 1991

Duncan, Phil, ed. Congressional Quarterly's Politics in America 1992: The 102nd Congress Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press 1704 pp., $69.95, ISBN 0-87187-599-3 Publication Date: 1991

Kaufman-Osborn, Timothy V. Politics/Sense/Experience: A Pragmatic Inquiry into the Promise of Democracy Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 327 pp., $21.95, ISBN: 0-8014-2504-2 Publication Date: September 1991

Fishkin, James S. Democracy and Deliberation: New Directions for Democratic Reform New Haven, CT: Yale University Press 133 pp., $17.95, ISBN 0-300-05161-1 Publication Date: February 1992

Crotty, William, ed. Political Participation and American Democracy Westport, CT: Greenwood 248 pp., $47.50, ISBN 0-313-27652-8 Publication Date: October 1991

Hess, Stephen Live from Capitol Hill: Studies of Congress and the Media Washington, DC: Brookings Institution 178 pp., $8.95, ISBN 0-8157-3627-4 Publication Date: 1991

Light, Paul C. The President's Agenda: Domestic Policy Choice from Kennedy to Reagan. Revised Ed. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press 290 pp., $12.95, ISBN 0-8018-4279-4 Publication Date: October 1991

Maveety, Nancy Representation Rights and the Burger Years Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press 257 pp., $34.50, ISBN 0-472-10227-3 Publication Date: 1991

Alexander, Herbert E. and Monica Bauer Financing the 1988 Election Boulder, CO: Westview 160 pp., $49.95, ISBN 0-8133-8268-8 Publication Date: July 1991

Rimmerman, Craig A. Presidency by Plebiscite: The Reagan-Bush Era in Institutional Perspective Boulder, CO: Westview 164 pp., $45.00, ISBN 0-8133-8333-1 Publication Date: March 1993

Best, Gary Dean Pride, Prejudice, and Politics: Roosevelt versus Recovery, 1833-1938 New York: Praeger 288 pp., $45.00, ISBN 0-275-93524-8 Publication Date: November 1990

Pacelle, Richard L., Jr. The Transformation of the Supreme Court's Agenda: From the New Deal to the Reagan Administration Boulder, CO: Westview 264 pp., $39.95, ISBN 0-8133-8376-5 Publication Date: December 1991

Wildavsky, Aaron The Beleaguered Presidency New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction 358 pp., $27.50, ISBN 0-88738-401-3 Publication Date: 1991

Robinson, Armstead L. and Patricia Sullivan, eds. New Directions in Civil Rights Studies Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia 238 pp., ISBN 0-8139-1319-5 Publication Date: 1991

Taylor, Bron Raymond Affirmative Action at Work: Law, Politics, and Ethics Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press 254 pp., $14.95, ISBN 0-8229-5453-2 Publication Date: October 1991

Holstein, William J. The Japanese Power Game: What It Means for America New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 339 pp., $22.95, ISBN 0-684-19176-8 Publication Date: 1990

Wolf, Charles, Jr. Linking Economic Policy and Foreign Policy New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction 219 pp., $29.95, ISBN 0-88738-399-8 Publication Date: August 1991

Brady, Linda P. The Politics of Negotiation: America's Dealings with Allies, Adversaries, and Friends Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press 269 pp., $32.50, ISBN 0-8078-1971-9 Publication Date: October 1991

Steiner, Barry H. Bernard Brodie and the Foundations of American Nuclear Strategy Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas 367 pp., $40.00, ISBN 0-7006-0441-3 Publication Date: July 1991

Pach, Chester J., Jr. Arming the Free World: The Origins of the United States Military Assistance Program, 1945-1950 Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press 322 pp., $34.95, ISBN 0-8078-1943-3 Publication Date: March 1991

Saul, Norman E. Distant Friends: The United States &; Russia, 1763-1867 Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas 400 pp., $40.00, ISBN 0-7006-0438-3 Publication Date: April 1991

Pike, Fredrick B. The United States and Latin America: Myths and Stereotypes of Civilization and Nature Austin, TX: University of Texas Press 442 pp., $40.00 cloth, $19.95 paper, ISBN 0-292-78523-2 cloth, ISBN 0-292-78524-0 paper Publication Date: September 1992

Escalona, Roberto Luque The Tiger and the Children: Fidel Castro and the Judgment of History Washington, DC: Freedom House 212 pp., $14.95 paper. ISBN 1-56000-593-9 Publication Date: May 1992

Levine, Daniel H. Popular Voices in Latin American Catholicism Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 403 pp., $18.95, ISBN 0-691-02459-6 Publication Date: July 1992

Johns, Sheridan and Richard Hunt Davis, Jr., eds. Mandela, Tambo, and the African National Congress New York: Oxford University Press 353 pp., $35.00 cloth, $13.95 paper, ISBN 0-19-505783-X cloth, ISBN 0-19-505784-8 paper Publication Date: March 1991

Kortepeter, C. Max, ed. Oil and the Economic Geography of the Middle East and North Africa: Studies by Alexander Melamid Princeton, NJ: Darwin Press 320 pp., $24.95, ISBN 0-87850-075-8 Publication Date: May 1991

Ismael, Tareq Y. and Jacqueline S. Ismael, eds. Politics and Government in the Middle East and North Africa Miami, FL: Florida International University Press 570 pp., $39.95 cloth, $19.95 paper, ISBN 0-8130-1043-4 cloth, ISBN 0-8130-106204 paper Publication Date: July 1991

Gupte, Pranay Mother India: A Political Biography of Indira Gandhi New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 593 pp., $30.00, ISBN 0-684-19296-9 Publication Date: April 1992

Harbeson, John W. and Donald Rothchild, eds. Africa in World Politics Boulder, CO: Westview 341 pp., $57.50 cloth, $19.95 paper, ISBN 0-8133-0972-7 cloth, ISBN 0-8133-0973-5 paper Publication Date: October 1991

Frost, Gerald, ed. Europe in Turmoil: The Struggle for Pluralism. European Defence and Strategic Studies Annual, 1990-91 Westport, CT: Praeger 384 pp., $59.95, ISBN 0-275-94129-9 Publication Date: September 1991

Stares, Paul B. Command Performance: The Neglected Dimension of European Security Washington, DC: Brookings Institution 240 pp., ISBN 0-8157-8111-3 Publication Date: 1991

Móller, Bj$oSrn Common Security and Nonoffensive Defense: A Neorealist Perspective Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner 285 pp., ISBN 1-85728-008-3 Publication Date: 1992

Inkeles, Alex, ed. On Measuring Democracy: Its Consequences and Concomitants New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction 234 pp., $19.95, ISBN 0-88738-881-7 Publication Date: August 1991

Drache, Daniel, ed. Getting on Track: Social Democratic Strategies for Ontario Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press 237 pp., $44.95, ISBN 0-7735-0895-3 Publication Date: February 1992

Lord, Carnes and David O'Connor, eds. Essays on the Foundations of Aristotelian Political Science Berkeley, CA: University of California 255 pp., $45.00, ISBN 0-520-06711-8 Publication Date: August 1991

Wolfson, Robert J. A Formal Lexicon for the Social Sciences Gainesville, FL: Florida Atlantic University Press 159 pp., $29.95, ISBN 0-8130-0978-2 Publication Date: December 1990

Hunt, Robert P. and Kenneth L. Grasso, eds. John Courtney Murray and the American Civil Conversation Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans 298 pp., $21.99, ISBN 0-8028-05388 Publication Date: 1992

Grey, Thomas C. The Wallace Stevens Case: Law and the Practice of Poetry Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 155 pp., $24.95, ISBN 0-674-94577-8 Publication Date: August 1991

Baker, C. Edwin Human Liberty and Freedom of Speech New York: Oxford University Press 385 pp., $39.95, ISBN 0-19-505777-5 Publication Date: 1989

Sheldon, Garrett Ward The Political Philosophy of Thomas Jefferson Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press 174 pp., $28.00, ISBN 0-8018-4142-9 Publication Date: July 1991

Post, Robert, ed. Law and the Order of Culture Berkeley, CA: University of California Press 202 pp., $9.95, ISBN 0-520-07337-1 Publication Date: 1991

Walsh, David After Ideology: Recovering the Spiritual Foundations of Freedom Scranton, PA: HarperCollins 296 pp., $29.95. ISBN 0-06-069263-4 Publication Date: 1990

The following correspondence was written in response to Marshall L. DeRosa's article, “The Second Amendment and American Federalism: A View from the States,” published in the Spring 1993 (vol. 22, no. 2) issue of Perspectives on Political Science.     

‘They'd Rather Go Play Footy’: an Exploratory Study of the Enjoyment and Benefits of the Arts in Western Australia's Remote Murchison Region

The role of the arts in the revitalisation and strengthening of Australia's rural, remote, and Indigenous communities has been of particular interest to Australian State and Federal Governments, as reflected through various policy and positioning documents. In order to understand the relationship between the arts and communities, it is important to explore why people engage in the arts and what might be some of the barriers to that engagement. For the rural, remote and Indigenous communities of the Murchison Region, the arts has been a useful way of reaching and engaging with residents to build a stronger sense of community, provide light relief and entertainment, and facilitate communication among community members, government, and industry. However, there are several barriers that impact on the viability of arts projects. These barriers are amplified in rural and remote areas, and particularly for the three case study communities of the Murchison Region for a number of reasons. These include the transient nature of the population, a lack of resources, isolation and remoteness, and local politics, culture and history. The arts can provide a context in which other non‐arts related outcomes, such as health, capacity building, income generation, and so on, are facilitated and achieved. It is important for policy makers to recognise and address the barriers which hinder activity and serve to lessen the impact of the arts on communities.     

CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL ANALYSES OF GALLO-ROMAN WALL PAINTING FROM DIETIKON,SWITZERLAND

Around 90 samples of Roman wall painting dating from the first to the third century AD were analysed using different analytical techniques: X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, optical microscopy and physico-chemical tests. The identified pigments are: ash, calcite, carbon black, celadonite, cinnabar, Egyptian Blue, glauconite, goethite, hematite and red lead. Pigment mixtures were used to get other colours such as brown, pink or purple. Three types of plaster were used: a first, and most dominant, with river sand, a second with crushed tile for damp places and a third, to which cinnabar was exclusively applied, was prepared with crushed calcite crystals.     

Archaeology in African museums

Museums curate, document, conserve, and protect the earth's diverse natural and cultural heritage for purposes of educating humankind. Through research, exhibitions, and other activities that stress our common demominators and achievements, museums help us to forge and affirm local, ethnic, national, and international identities, unity, and pride. To accomplish such diverse goals, museums require dynamic, dedicated, ethical, and fairly well-educated staff. Museums must also be well-funded and should have local, national, and international support systems. This paper discusses the challenges faced by museum professionals in Africa, especially archaeologists, as they attempt to unearth, and in some cases reinterpret, Africa's cultural history.     

LEAD ISOTOPE ANALYSES OF ISLAMIC POTTERY GLAZES FROM FUSTAT,EGYPT*

Lead isotope analyses have been undertaken on a group of Islamic lead‐glazed pottery artefacts from Fustat, Egypt, spanning the period from the eighth to the 14th century ad , that had previously been the subject of a comprehensive typological, chronological, petrographic and technological study. Comparison of the lead isotope ratios for the glazes with those for lead ores from Egypt, Iran, Tunisia, Anatolia, Greece, Sardinia and Spain provided information on the possible sources of the lead used in the production of the glazes. The results show that the lead used in glaze production by the Islamic potters at Fustat was most probably obtained from distant ore sources in Iran or Tunisia, Sardinia, Spain and the Taurus Mountains. Different ore sources were favoured in different periods and, to a limited extent, for different types of pottery, but at no time did the Fustat potters use the potentially more accessible Egyptian ore sources.     

Prehistory in the northwest tropical Pacific: The Caroline,Mariana, and Marshall Islands

The earliest identified settlement is in the Marianas, dated to about 3500 B.P., while the other islands in the region appear to be settled from about 2000 B.P. onward. The archaeological remains reveal diverse approaches to island living. While Nan Madol and Leluh in the eastern Carolines are major architectural achievements, a discussion of these sites does not detract, for example, from the terrace systems of Palau or the lattestone groups of the southern Marianas. Of equal interest is the settlement of atolls and their recently recognized potential for preservation of stratified deposits. As information allows, each island or group is considered on an individual basis in order to allow for each specific island context to be assessed. This is described within the broader themes of architecture, chronology, environment, material culture, settlement pattern, social organization, and subsistence. In conclusion, the current standing of prehistory in the region is outlined in relation to early settlement, environment, social organization, chronology, settlement pattern studies, portable material culture, subsistence, and atolls. Finally, suggestions for the future are made.     

Sightseeing in the mansions of the dead

This paper looks at a type of tourism visit which inhabits an ambiguous and relatively unmapped territory of meaning, crossing boundaries between the conceptual domains of pilgrimage, commemoration and pleasure-seeking. These visits and activities have developed in response to traumatic histories, and also reflect the growth of secular forms of spiritual experience, in which the pursuit of revelation is personal rather than hierophantic. Sites of Holocaust memorialization raise questions of memory and forgetting, guilt and redemption, meaning and ownership, with particularly acute force. However, even these most consecrated and highly cathected sites are experienced through the mediation of mimetic forms and processes of representation which significantly re-order testimony and evidence. Furthermore, the grounding of collective memory in sacralized locations and structures tends towards the distancing, externalizing and disarming of traumatic memory. Under these conditions, visitor motivations and experiences are polysemic: fractured, ambivalent, unstable, and resistant to paradigms of either the sacred or the profane.     

地理学视角下的集体记忆研究综述

集体记忆植根于人、空间(地方、景观)、时间,是地理学研究人地关系的重要视角与手段。本文从理论渊源、研究内容、方法等对国内外相关文献进行梳理,提出地理学视角下的集体记忆研究框架。研究立足于集体记忆主体、载体和机制三方面,以空间、地方、景观、仪式、旅游等为主要研究对象,关注现象背后的政治性、竞争-协商性以及利益主体,个案研究为主,案例类型较为丰富,方法上定性为主,鲜有定量研究及相关模型构建。相比国外研究热潮与成果,国内研究仍处于萌芽起步与概念引入阶段,未来可拓展集体记忆载体形式的研究,深化集体记忆机制即人地关系层面,加强实证与量化方法应用。     

Artifacts that speak for themselves: Sounds underfoot in Mesoamerica

Previously overlooked in archaeological research, natural sounds emitted from the underground affect humans and culture. In this paper, it is suggested that noises generated by subterranean ground movement, water, wind, and wildlife are a reason why residents in Mesoamerica perceive caves, waterholes, limestone sinks, and mountains as sacred. Too, a mental grasp of the sounds, conceptualized as anthropomorphized voices and music, may have been employed as an ideological basis for authority in Maya society. Support is shown using examples of ethnohistory, ethnography, and archaeology. Called for is the systematic collection and study of underground sounds, as artifacts, to define the noises as possible use determinants in ritual venues and settlement sites. Their potential importance as early warning devices for destructive agents in the natural environment suggests that an understanding of the noises and their regard by residents in the region could contribute to theory-building in anthropology, particularly in issues of human-environment relations, and sociocultural development.