宋代《三朝宝训》篇目考

宋代《三朝宝训》篇目考许振兴“宝训”是宋代官方记载君主嘉言善行和治国经验的一种崭新史书体裁,也是嗣位君主在经筵讲读时学习祖宗事绩的一种创新帝王学教材。可惜,两宋先后编纂的十多种“宝训”,今已无一完帙传世,这便在客观条件上为学者们的研究增添了不少困难,...     

《春秋》书法对宋代史书褒贬的影响

<春秋>是中国传统史学的一大源头,其褒贬书法通过一定的义例蕴含大义,开后世史书褒贬先河.宋代史书褒贬深受<春秋>书法影响.一方面,宋代史书在褒贬形式上多效仿<春秋>义例,主要包括纪年"冠王于正"、一字寓褒贬、常事不书、讳书和书义理之实等;另一方面,宋代史书在褒贬思想上也继承和发展了<春秋>大义,主要包括"正名"、"尊王"、"攘夷"和"正统"等.     

《古今源流至论》中的宋代《宝训》佚文

本以南宋后期福建地区书坊刊刻的一部专供士子准备应考科举时采用的类书《古今源流至论》为辑佚对象,辑录得现已散亡的宋代《宝训》佚七十一条。这等佚不仅突显了《古今源流至论》两位编纂林駉和黄履翁对宋代太祖至神宗诸君主若干嘉言善行的颂赞态度,更实为学研究宋代君主的行事施政和《宝训》的内容提供了新的素材。     

日本所藏唐代佚书《天地瑞祥志》略述

一、<天地瑞祥志>的序和构成 <天地瑞祥志>一书在中国已不存,即属佚存书.在<隋书>"经籍志"、<旧唐书>"经籍志"以及<新唐书>"艺文志"中也未见著录,宋代以后在中国似乎已不见踪影.但是,本书其实并没有完全消失,前田育德会尊经阁文库(日本东京都)珍藏有江户时期的写本.     

《宋朝事实类苑》杂考

南宋人江少虞,编纂了一部《皇朝事实类苑》,专取天水一朝之事,亦集宋人说部书达五、六十家,“是尤说家之总汇矣”.由于此书系宋人所编,“其间若《国朝事始》、《三朝圣政录》、《三朝训鉴》、《蓬山志》、《忠言谠论》、《元丰圣训》、《傅简公佳话》、《两朝宝训》、《熙宁奏对》、《刘真之诗话》、《李学士丛谈》等书,今皆久佚,藉此尚考见一二.”(均为《四库提要》语)因此,文献史料价值很高.此外,由于此书分门别类,为后人研究宋代历史提供了极大的方便.前几年已由上海古籍出版社出版了点校本.然而,关于此书编纂者江少虞的生平,点校本《出版说明》语焉不详;关于此书的版本等问题,也有一些尚未考证清楚之处.因此,略加考述,求正于方家.     

徽州雕版印刷术的发展

印刷术是我国古代劳动人民的伟大发明,是对世界文化发展的重要贡献之一.根据古书上的纪载,我国雕版印刷术发展的情况,从时代上说,始于唐代,扩于五代,精于宋人,元明以后趋于鼎盛.从地区上说,先从吴(扬州)蜀(成都)越(绍兴)开始,到宋代,两浙地区刻书最盛,其中又以杭州为最发达;福建地区也盛,以建安为中心,如朱熹所说"建阳麻沙版本书籍行四方者,无远不至".又如叶德辉所说"宋代刻书之盛,首推闽中".四川地区,由成都南移,以眉山     

《三希堂法帖》之赵佶书迹阙遗考述

<三希堂法帖>是清代著名的汇刻丛帖之一,该帖卷六、卷7刻有宋太宗、宋高宗、宋孝宗七件宋代帝王书迹,令人不解的是在这两卷宋代帝王书迹中竟没有宋代书画大家徽宗赵佶的书迹.本文从徽宗赵佶个性独立的书法风格、因艺灭国的君王行为、唯我独尊的书画签押、值得称道的书学贡献等方面加以考述,揭示了此举虽是臣下所为,实乃皇权意志使然.     

宋修时政记考

宋代继唐之后,设官修史,制度益趋完备。尤其是对于本朝史的修撰,名目繁多,种类齐备,为前古未尝有,即后世亦有所不及。南宋章如愚叙述云:(本朝修史)其凡有二:曰纪载之史,日纂修之史。时政有记,起居有注,其纪载之史乎!纂修之史,名目滋多:实录云者,左氏体也,正史云者,司马体也;纪其大事,则有玉牒;书其盛美,则有圣政;总其枢辖,则有会要;其曰日历,合纪注而编次之也;其曰宝训,于实录、正史之外而撰定之     

《太常因革礼》与北宋中期的礼书编纂

《太常因革礼》是北宋中期最重要的礼仪典籍,它的编纂成书是当时礼司编纂礼文故事以备检讨这一特点趋势的直接反映,同时其书的编纂又推动了宋代朝廷礼书编纂的进一步发展。《太常因革礼》开创了"因革礼"的礼书编纂体例,不仅影响到了北宋中期的礼书修纂,更被北宋后期乃至南宋时期所沿袭。     

宋代《宝训》纂修考

宋代《宝训》纂修考孔学宋代修史制度在唐、五代的基础上,更趋完善,有记帝王言行的《起居注》,记宰臣商议军国大事的《时政记》,有据前两者及诸司供报修成的《日历》,和据《日历》及其它材料修成的《实录》,在《实录》基础上修成的《国史》,专记典章制度的《会要》...     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.