论家国一体问题

在中国和西方古代君主制社会中,都有"君主是民之父母的思想"发生、流传。但西欧的这种思想没有中国的强烈,因为西欧国家还有教会,教皇、神甫、牧师等独占了民之父母的称谓和地位,使得国王被称为民之父母的机会减少。中国君主力量强大,特别是宋代之后,明清王朝时期,逐渐形成了专制君主制,皇帝、官僚被称为民之父母的情况大为增加。但是从制度上说,中国古代是天命王权,是受天的委托而进行统治的,如果统治不好,就要被天抛弃。官僚制度的建立和发展,更对皇帝的权力起到制衡作用,政治上公、私是有区别的。所以,中国古代家国并非一体。君为民之父母一说,可以休矣。     

浅析数学学习兴趣的培养

初中数学是一门具有严密的逻辑推理的系统性,知识性,实用性、趣柬性的学科,也是一门承前启后的连接学科,它直接影响着初中物理、化学的学习,因而在教学中激发学生学习数学学科的兴趣。调动其学习积极性和主动性,对为今后的深造打下良好的基础有着十分重要的作用。在课堂教学中,常有学生对学习数学不感兴趣,而导致教学效果欠佳．究其原因,主要是教师在课堂教学中,偏重于语言信息与行为信息的传递,忽视了情感信息这个要素在课堂教学信息系统中的重要作用。     

高中思想政治教学中的有效提问原则

高中思想政治课概念众多、知识抽象、理论性强,学生的社会经验又不足,因此,在高中政治课堂中,教师注重有效提问,可以吸引学生的注意力,调动学生的积极性,深化对所学知识的理解,培养学生分析解决问题的能力,激发学生对政治课的学习兴趣。有效的提问可以开启学生的创新思维,直接影响着政治课堂教学的效果。     

Learning from Schools: School Choice,Political Learning,and Policy Feedback

This article investigates the policy feedback and political learning effects of school vouchers. Of particular interest is how market‐based policies affect the likelihood that program participants will connect their experiences with the policy to the government. I examine parent survey data from an evaluation of the Milwaukee school voucher program. I find that voucher parents are more likely than public school parents to perceive that the government has influenced their child's schooling and to believe that their experiences with their child's school have taught them about how government works. Further, voucher parents report that their experiences with the policy have made them more politically active. While majorities of voucher and public school parents support increased public school expenditures, there is some evidence that school vouchers may decrease support for public schools.     

Flipping and still learning: experiences of a flipped classroom approach for a third-year undergraduate human geography course

The flipped classroom approach, a form of blended learning, is currently popular in education praxis. Initial reports on the flipped classroom include that it offers opportunities to increase student engagement and build meaningful learning and teaching experiences. In this article, we analyse teacher and student experiences of a trial flipped classroom application in a third year undergraduate human geography course that challenges conventional thinking and practice in resource management, including an explicit focus on the marginalization of Indigenous knowledges in that context. The flipped classroom trial included empirical research with teachers and students to gauge the strengths and weaknesses of this mode of learning. Interviews, focus groups, surveys, reflections and participant-observation activities were conducted before, during and after the course. The research shows that this particular implementation of the flipped classroom approach generated multiple experiences for teachers and students, some constructive, others less so. Overall, space, time and flexibility matters not only to the kinds of pedagogical tools we employed to tailor learning to students’ differing needs, but also to the kinds of learning spaces – online and offline, individually and in groups – in which learning happens.     

浅谈如何激发学生的数学问题意识

小学思想活跃,求职欲望旺盛,对事物有着强烈的好奇心,这就是问题意识的萌芽种子。这粒种子的能不能萌芽,取决于它是否有一个适宜的环境和氛围。激发学生的问题意识,是教师在课堂教学中通过各种有效的教学手段和方法,指导学生通过观察,主动发现问题和提出问题,并努力分析和解决问题,让学生敢问、会问和爱问,提高学生认识事物和创新实践的技能,从而无形中提高了教师自身的教学技能与水平。     

初中政治课有效性教学方法探究

新的课程改革背景的政治课堂,教学方法只是可被定义为教师培养学生的一种手段,学生懂得高效的学习方法和掌握对人生的认知规律才是政治教学的最终目的。因此,在政治课程的教学过程中,要本着“因材施教”的教学目标,对学生开展层次教学,通过对学生差异化培养让学生一起进步,从而促进学生学习全面进步与发展。     

关于对中学数学教学的几点思考

新课程标准的一个重要理念是“以人为本”,就是要求教师在教学行为上和学生的学习方式上发生根本性的转变。这种理念的实施往往靠课堂教学来体现,而课堂教学是一种师生双边参与的动态变化的过程,教师是学生学习的引导者、帮助者、合作者,应向学生提供真正理解知识社会的钥匙,引导其学习,促使其终身学习。教师的“教”应该为学生的“学”服务,课堂教学应淡化教师教的痕迹,突出学生学的过程。在教学过程中仍是有很多问题和观点有待思考。     

Student protests,media and the university in India

Over the past several years there have been widespread student protests across universities in India. These protests have received considerable mainstream media coverage. This article focuses on media reportage of student protests in Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, looking specifically at charges of sedition brought against a few students. The article considers the ways in which the media created narratives of the ‘anti-national’ student (and teacher) that helped to consolidate a particular sense of Indian identity. These narratives are linked to the corporatisation of Indian higher education, whereby the spaces for public debate are reduced and the idea of the university as a public good is threatened.     

Marxism and bureaucracy: A paradox resolved

This article describes one apparently paradoxical course of development of the concept of bureaucracy within Marxism. The paradox has to do with the striking difference between the role attributed to bureaucrats by Marx and by a number of prominent members of the heretics from the Marxist tradition. In Marx's own analysis of contemporary societies, bureaucracies were rarely given a central and never a primary role. In his portrayal of the future society, bureaucrats were swept from the stage altogether. In the writings of Trotsky and theorists of a new bureaucratic class, bureaucrats have come to play a central and ultimately the central role. The argument of the article is that both elements of the paradox stem from precisely the same set of theoretical commitments, in particular the same combination of claims as to what the fundamental activities and actors in societies are, what are the dynamic forces in societies and what is the destination of modern societies. Notwithstanding serious and much‐debated differences between them, what these theories have in common lies deeper than anything on which they disagree. The article concludes by arguing that neither of these approaches is likely to lead to successful analyses of the place of bureaucrats in modern societies.     

Paul Keating is the prime minister,but who delivers the mail? A study of political knowledge amongst young people

Very little research in Australia has attempted to evaluate the level of political knowledge of young people. Explanations as to why young people have a low interest in, and little knowledge of, politics have been even rarer. Assessing the political knowledge of Australian young people provides a step toward understanding their responses to the political system.

The present study examines the political knowledge of final year school students and makes comparisons to research into political knowledge conducted previously in Britain. The results are examined within two terms of reference: firstly, factors that include interest in politics, media usage and interest in participating in politics; and secondly, demographic factors such as gender, non‐English speaking background/ English speaking background (NESB/ESB), and parents’ occupation. All, except parents’ occupation, were found to influence young people's level of political knowledge. An interaction was found between interest in politics and gender as determinants of political knowledge.     

School Vouchers and Student Attainment: Evidence from a State‐Mandated Study of Milwaukee's Parental Choice Program

In this article we examine educational attainment levels for students in Milwaukee's citywide voucher program and a comparable group of public school students. Using unique data collected as part of a state‐mandated evaluation of the program, we consider high school graduation and enrollment in postsecondary institutions for students initially exposed to voucher schools and those in public schools at the same time. We show that exposure to voucher schools was related to graduation and, in particular, to enrollment and persistence in a 4‐year college. These differences are apparent despite controls for student neighborhoods, demographics, early‐career test scores and—for a subsample of survey respondents—controls for parental education, income, religious behavior, and marital status. We conclude by stressing the implications for future scholarship and policy, including the importance of attainment outcomes in educational research.     

高中思想政治课生活化教学初探

生活化教学是高中思想政治新课程所倡导的一种教学模式,通过实施生活化教学,使师生的课堂生活更加丰满,充盈学生生活经历,丰富学生情感体验,为学生的可持续发展奠定良好的基础。     

谈语文新课程教学

初中语文教学长期采用“课堂十课外练习”的传统教学模式,学生围绕着教师的指挥棒转,忽视了学生学习语文的创新能力和实践能力的培养,因而学生的创新思维受到束缚,表现出厌学的情绪。要改变这一现状,教师在课堂教学的各个环节中增“趣”添“味”是一种很有实效的做法。它能刺激学生积极去学,有效地提高学生的语文素质,培养学生的创新能力和参与实践的能力。     

音乐课互动教学之我见

在音乐教学中要改变传统课堂教学的人际关系,坚持以学生为主,教师则普通身份加入,通过适当点拨,发挥向导作用,促进师生问相互交往和愉快合作的和谐关系,从而发展他们的聪明才智和健康的个性,使学生的更多的参与,合作过程中得到素质上提高。     

新课标下的地理多媒体教学

新课标要求教师必须根据具体的教学情境进行创造性、主动性的劳动,创设生机勃勃的课堂教学氛围,充分调动学生的积极性和主动性,使教师和学生在课堂上焕发活力。倡导学生自主学习、合作学习、探究学习,充分发掘学生的潜能,有力地促进学生个性发展。     

Exploring The Basis For Parental Choice in Public Education

From the perspective of public choice theory, this article explores the relationship between student performance and certain aspects of school organization and operation. Employing multiple regression and analysis of variance techniques, we found that variation in comprehensive student assessment test scores can be explained best by variables such as income, district size, and the extent of classroom crowding. Student performance was lowest in the largest districts. Student performance tended to be better in those school districts with relatively higher incomes, fewer schools, and a lower proportion of oversized classes. These findings confirm the utility of readily available information about public schools as a basis for parental choice and lend support to public choice criticism of large, centralized, educational organizations.     

‘There is no better way to study science than to collect and analyse data in your own yard’: outdoor classrooms and primary school children in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

The design and use of outdoor spaces for primary school teaching and learning has been given little consideration in the present context. The existing evidence base is mostly from western perspectives. In this study, an outdoor classroom was designed and built in a primary school in Bangladesh and used to teach children (n?=?30) their science curriculum. Multiple methods were used to investigate the impact of the outdoor classroom on students’ learning and engagement, including achievement tests, a questionnaire and focus groups with children and teachers. Children’s science scores were significantly higher after they had been taught outdoors, compared to indoors. Physical qualities of their outdoor classroom (lighting, acoustics, seating), in addition to greater enjoyment and active participation in learning likely explained improved attainment. Qualitative insights from children and teachers supported the quantitative findings. These results provide empirical support for building outdoor classrooms as an effective environment for teaching and learning.     

回归以来澳门中小学的国情教育:发展与经验

回归以来,澳门特区政府高度重视对中小学生的国情教育,为特区开展国情教育奠定了法制基础;构筑课堂上的“三位一体”,即设置课程“底线”、教材建设和教师培训,从而保证了国情教育的教学质量;在课堂外持续开展多元化的教育活动。在澳门中小学开展国情教育的经验主要有:大幅度增加教育投入;注重整体规划和制度配套;尊重教育规律,将国情教育潜移默化地融入中小学生日常学习和生活中;建立多元合作、协调统一的工作机制。     

Which national group will I identify myself with? The role of preferred and perceived identity representations

Research shows that the more people identify with a national in‐group, the more their citizenship representation becomes in line with the citizenship discourse attached to this national‐identity. However, although national identification may lead to a preference for a specific citizenship representation, national identification might itself depend on preexisting citizenship representation preferences. In line with this, a longitudinal study among Flemish‐Belgian high‐school students (N = 275) showed reciprocal relations between national identification and citizenship representation. A second study among Flemish‐Belgian high‐school students (N = 407) then showed that strength of national identification does not simply depend on preexisting citizenship representation preferences but on the (mis)match between such preferences and the citizenship representation perceived to be attached to a national‐identity. In addition, results showed that the relation between national identification and out‐group attitudes depends on the national‐identity under consideration.