基于散客旅游市场的旅行社门市接待工作研究

散客旅游又称自助游或半自助游,我国的散客旅游市场发展迅速,潜力巨大。能否为散客群体提供更好的旅游产品和服务,对旅行社及旅游相关企业来说,至关重要。本文主要基于散客旅游市场的前提研究旅行社门市接待工作,要提升旅行社门市接待工作水平和质量,应加强对接待人的的综合培训,可以从培养接待人员掌握基本的礼仪规范、基本的旅游知识及业务能力以及提供个性化服务的能力等方面入手。     

散客旅游心理及管理营销分析

随着改革开放的不断深入发展,旅游业便开始逐渐兴起。旅游业作为第三产业,对保障我国国民经济的健康稳定运行具有重要作用。当前我国旅游一般会呈现出两种形式,一种是团队型旅游,一种是散客旅游。散客旅游因为具有较高的自主性,旅游者可以及时根据自身的需求喜好变化来变更旅游路线,因此受到了越来越多旅游者的青睐。本文首先对散客旅游心理进行了探讨与分析,再对散客旅游的管理营销措施进行了探索与研究,以期促进我国旅游业的蓬勃发展。     

浅析散客旅游市场下我国旅行社产品的开发策略

随着我国旅游业的不断发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,以及消费者生活理念的不断变化,旅游消费者出游形式发生了明显的变化,消费者从传统的跟团旅游越来越多的选择自助游自由行,而且散客出游的比例在逐年递增,基于散客旅游时代的到来,我国旅行社业必须对自身产品进行重新的定位,以满足不同类型散客出游的需要。本文从分析我国散客旅游市场出发,结合我国旅行社经营现状,给出了当前我国旅行社产品开发的具体策略。     

浅析散客旅游市场下我国旅行社产品的开发策略

随着我国旅游业的不断发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,以及消费者生活理念的不断变化,旅游消费者出游形式发生了明显的变化,消费者从传统的跟团旅游越来越多的选择自助游自由行,而且散客出游的比例在逐年递增,基于散客旅游时代的到来,我国旅行社业必须对自身产品进行重新的定位,以满足不同类型散客出游的需要。本文从分析我国散客旅游市场出发,结合我国旅行社经营现状,给出了当前我国旅行社产品开发的具体策略。     

散客旅游团队在导游接待中存中的问题和应对策略研究

散客旅游团队作为散客游与团队游的结合体,具有不同于这两种旅游方式的特殊性,正因为存在这种特殊性,本文将探讨导游在散客旅游团队的接待中存在着诸多问题,并针对这些问题提出相应的应对策略。     

散客旅游团队在导游接待中存中的问题和应对策略研究

散客旅游团队作为散客游与团队游的结合体,具有不同于这两种旅游方式的特殊性,正因为存在这种特殊性,本文将探讨导游在散客旅游团队的接待中存在着诸多问题,并针对这些问题提出相应的应对策略。     

分析新旅游法后旅行社散客旅游市场的开发策略

<正>新《旅游法》正式实施给旅游市场带来了新的冲击,自由行、自助游、自驾游成为我国消费者出行的主要选择,面临散客旅游市场的不断壮大,旅行社行业必须转变观念,重新定位,以满足不同消费者的需求。本文从《旅游法》后旅行社行业市场发展现状出发,分析旅行社开发散客旅游市场的必要和开发策略。     

美国城市旅游

美国城市旅游对我国发展都市旅游有借鉴意义。本介绍了美国在散客旅游方式、旅游交通、城市旅游资源开发、旅游宣传资料以及旅馆业经营方式方面的一些做法。     

中国城市旅游集散中心模式的对比分析——兼论旅游集散中心的功能与形成机制

中国的大型城市为了解决巨量散客出游的问题,由上海率先建立了“旅游集散中心”的散客旅游服务模式,目前已经被证明适用于中国现行体制下的特大型城市,符合城市旅游发展之需。国内其它许多城市也跟着建设了名为“旅游集散中心”的机构,但是仔细比较可以发现,这些机构虽然表面名称一致,在体制和运行机制上却存在较大差异,实际运行效果也很是不同。文章比较分析了上海、杭州、成都、北京以及其它若干城市的旅游集散中心在体制、机制与运行效果上的异同点,并探讨了旅游集散中心的本质特征与形成机制,强调了它的准公共产品属性。     

散客旅游公共信息服务的大数据应用探析

散客这一群体的出现使旅游业提供服务信息时更加严谨,也对其所提供的服务质量提出更高的要求。然而,传统旅游公共信息服务智能化水平不高,旅游产业中各旅游企业管理水平参差不齐,各个组织之间没有直接的合作联系,这些问题都需要进行改进。本文着重研究旅游产业发展中对公共信息的优化和改善方式,并提出一些针对性建议,希望可以为旅游产业进一步强化信息监管能力提供更多解决方案。     

Career paths and mobility in the Swedish hospitality sector

ABSTRACT

How career paths are interpreted and conceptualised by hospitality workers and industry representatives remains underexplored in current literature. In this paper, we highlight and discuss sector-specific and contextual factors that influence the possibility of establishing a career within the Swedish hospitality sector. The paper uses interviews with hotel managers, who describe and discuss motivations and choices made throughout their own careers and interviews with young (former) seasonal hospitality workers who describe and reflect on their future plans and work-life experience. Additional data are derived through observations at national seminars and meetings for representatives from the Swedish tourism and hospitality industry, where issues of competence and careers were discussed. The findings indicate that the shaping of career paths within the hospitality sector is influenced by two normative and discursively produced ‘truths’ about career paths in the hospitality sector: the importance of internal knowledge transfer and the importance of high mobility. These narratives impose expectations on individuals to be mobile, to change jobs frequently and to work their way from the bottom-up within the industry, and are based on a presumption of a diversified and dense local hospitality labour market. However, since the conditions are different due to contextual, geographical features of labour market size and structure, attractiveness of places, etc., these expectations are difficult to fulfil in places other than in larger urban areas. These normative assumptions of what a successful hospitality career is also have consequences for the development of the hospitality sector as external influences of competence from other sectors and higher education are not seen as valuable, which makes the sector self-contained and not open to external, potentially innovative knowledge.     

Gifts from the Other Side: Thresholds of Hospitality and Morality in an Eastern Indonesian Town

The town of Labuan Bajo in Western Flores, Eastern Indonesia has experienced rapid changes in the past decade, primarily associated with the development of tourism. This paper engages with the ideas of Jacques Derrida on hospitality and sovereignty, to explore the shifting landscapes of hospitality in this Manggaraian town. His musings on ‘the question of the foreigner’, the ‘conditions’ of hospitality, and the idea of the threshold are used to capture the way that hospitality is experienced as a struggle, as a contradiction, as an ‘aporia’.     

A man for the people

Abstract

This study focuses on hospitality in Tanzania, as a topic of historical importance. Although there are many references to hospitality within both primary and secondary sources and anecdotal accounts, hospitality is effectively unexplored in the historical scholarship for any part of sub-Saharan Africa. Looking at southwestern Tanzania between 1600 and 1900 as a case study, this work aims to make hospitality, for the first time, primary focus of historical study rather than a peripheral and passing allusion. Towards that end, I examine why and when some societies chose to extend hospitality to outsiders and strangers. In southwestern Tanzania between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, extending hospitality to guests, strangers, and ‘foreign residents’ was a paramount value and social expectation, which could result in inclusion of outsiders. Hospitality towards newcomers became a cultural norm. I contend that direct, immediate, and personal gain was far less important than a circulation of hospitality. In the long term social and political institutions were buoyed by this moral expectation. In order to demonstrate these claims, I employ proverbs, oral traditions, and explorers’ accounts as historical evidence for hospitality's enduring salience in shifting contexts in southwestern Tanzania from precolonial times into the twentieth century.     

Hospitality at wakes and funerals in Ireland from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century: Some evidence from the written record

Several aspects of mortuary customs in Ireland have already been studied in detail. This paper focuses on the role of hospitality on the occasion of death from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. Based on a variety of written records, it discusses the attitudes of both lay and clerical commentators—officials, travellers and writers on the one hand, and the clergy on the other—to the provision of hospitality, particularly before the interment of the corpse. The meaning of hospitality for the bereaved family, the community, and the deceased is also explored.     

The Guests' Guests: Palestinian Refugees,Lebanese Civilians,and the War of 2006

Abstract: In the war between Israel and Hizbullah in 2006, 10,000 displaced Lebanese citizens were granted shelter and hospitality by Palestinian refugees in the camps of southern Lebanon. For the duration of the war, the Palestinian guests became hosts to their own hosts, and this temporary reversal of the usual relations of refuge set the scene for the rebuilding and renegotiation of relations between Palestinian refugees and their host country and its citizens. This paper addresses these events through a focus on the nature, politics and ethics of Palestinian hospitality and argues that hospitality was not simply a selfless act of giving, but also an instrumental act that had the potential to transform Palestinian–Lebanese relations in lasting ways.     

Towards a political geography of hotels: Southern Rhodesia, 1958–1962

This article sets out the case for taking account of hotels in political geography. It argues that hotels, as key spaces of welcome, association, and entertainment between public and private, are important political sites. They provide space for the performance of political ideologies and identities, where political campaigns can be made visible, where political relations can be illuminated and translated for international audiences, and where the ‘little things’ (Thrift, 2000, Thrift, 2004) that construct political geographies can be examined. Drawing on theoretical discussions of hospitality, as well as work in political geography, it explores the politics of multi-racial hospitality in the hotels of Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, between 1958 and 1962 in order to understand late colonial politics in Southern Africa. Considering three individual hotels, the paper elaborates their role as keys spaces in the landscape of exclusive ‘European’ sociability; as crucial sites in the enactment of and resistance to the colour bar; and as vantage points on Southern Rhodesian racial politics for international guests. The papers shows that far from being peripheral to the ‘real’ politics of diplomacy and government, hotels and the hospitable practises within them can be seen as crucial elements in the construction of local, national and international politics.     

Liminality at work in Norwegian hotels

ABSTRACT

Hotels are spaces of temporary accommodation, but they are also important temporary spaces for an increasingly mobile and segmented workforce with different backgrounds and motives. In this paper we wish to address the temporary and transitional nature of hotel work by employing the term ‘liminality’. More specifically, we analyse the hotel as a liminal space for transient workers that view this work as a temporary endeavour. By drawing upon data from a study of hotel workers in Norway, we discuss how the liminality of hotel work may be understood. Here, we turn to an important debate within tourism studies on the blurring relationships between consumer and producer identities in resorts, often referred to in terms such as ‘working tourist’ or ‘migrant tourist-worker’. For a relatively privileged group of workers, the hotel becomes a space of liminal lifestyle pursuits as well as a space of work. We also contrast this privileged group with a different and less privileged liminal group of ‘expatriate workers’. Transient lifestyles and consumption of recreation among workers can have problematic effects in terms of reducing solidarity, and we wish to develop this further by investigating how worker representation and solidarity develops in liminal spaces of work. While strategies of liminality may have a transformative impact on the individual, their aggregate effects might simultaneously alter the way in which hospitality work is negotiated – from the collective to the individual level. As such, hotels as employers of working tourists pose a great challenge to collective representation, and may undermine effective worker action for less privileged groups of workers. The final section of this paper addresses this challenge, asking what bearings the individualism that dominates liminal work spaces has for trade unionism in the hospitality industry.     

Hospitality in pre-viking Anglo-Saxon England

This article studies the question of Anglo-Saxon hospitality, that is, in the first place, the gift (from a host to a guest) of food, fodder, roof and bed for a night or for a longer term. Contrary to Romantic visions, it was nothing like a spontaneous and free practice: Marcel Mauss and other anthropologists after him have shown that giving and receiving were obligations, compulsory acts in pre-market societies. In Anglo-Saxon England, hospitality was always a duty, strictly limited and framed by custom. It may have been provided to a single traveller, to a member of a formal or informal network (particularly ecclesiastical), to a king or to his agents in the form of a pastus or feorm: a kind of 'guesting' or compulsory hospitality which was progressively given up by kings as they booked lands to religious institutions. The forms and beneficiaries may vary, but the opposition between 'spontaneous' feasting and 'compulsory' guesting must not be stressed too much: hospitality was always a kind of binding exchange, even when it assumed the shape, the aspect, and even the values of a free and open practice .     

Cross-cultural Links in Ancient Iberia: Socio-economic Anatomy of Hospitality

This study is concerned with hospitality in central Spain during the Late Iron Age. First the main characteristics of this Indo-European institution are presented, paying especial attention to the background of indigenous tesserae hospitalis (small epigraphic plaques referring to social links among different communities). An attempt is then made to juxtapose hospitality with the economic basis of Celtic Hispania and with other possible systems of regional interaction, such as transhumance.