手工业生产专业化的考古学研究

手工业生产专业化的程度和形式被认为是衡量社会复杂化程度或文明化进程的重要指标.本文首先对西方有关手工业生产专业化的考古学研究作了简单回顾,提出近二十年来相关研究表现出三个特点:一是研究视野的扩展:二是日益重视运用多种手段从考古资料中榨取相关信息;三是解释理论日益多样化.文章对国内的相关研究也进行了回顾,提出应加强对早期...     

试论兴隆洼文化的传播

本文从居民的迁移方向、鱼网的诞生地证明兴隆洼文化起源于古滦河下游一带,并进一步通过陶器分期分析得出:兴隆洼文化是在该文化发展的二、三阶段传播到该文化区其他各处的。     

兴隆洼文化聚落形态初探

Xing Long Wa culture,named after the excavation of the same site in Ao Han Banner,Inner Mongolia,mainly distributes in southeastern Inner Mongolia and western Liao Ning province. This culture dates 8200—7600BPo According to the results of archaeological excavations and surveys,the settlement pattern of Xing Long Wa culture could be divided into two types. One was surrounded by a ditch,including the first period site of Xing Long Wa,Bai Yin Chang Han ,Bei Cheng Zi site and so on. Another type such as Cha Hai site,Xing Long Gou and Nan TaiZi site etc,wasn‘t. All houses were semi—subterranean architecure,arranged in rows. Usually, the biggest bouse was located in the central position,and the ditch had both protecting and demarcating functions. It‘s certain that hunting—gathering economy was one of the important elements determining the settlement pattern of Xing Long Wa culture,which was inherited by Zhao Bao Gou culture,and changed in Hong Shan culture.     

兴隆洼文化与富河文化比较研究

兴隆洼文化和富河文化是西辽河流域两支独立的新石器时代考古学文化,从房址形制、聚落布局、遗物及经济形态的特征看,富河文化在形成和发展的过程中直接吸收了兴隆洼文化的诸多因素,二者具有直接性承继发展关系.富河文化的部分因素被赵宝沟文化承继,成为赵宝沟文化的重要源头之一.在西辽河流域新石器时代考古学文化发展序列中,富河文化之前为兴隆洼文化,之后为赵宝沟文化,富河文化处于两个繁荣期之间的过渡阶段,其年代约为距今7200-7000年,与红山文化之间未曾产生承继或演变关系.     

兴隆洼文化居室葬俗再认识

居室葬俗延续的时间非常久远 ,从旧石器时代晚期开始出现 ,直至近现代的某些少数民族中仍旧流行。兴隆洼遗址和查海遗址均发现有居室墓葬 ,这说明居室葬并非某一遗址的独特现象 ,而是兴隆洼文化的重要内涵之一。居室墓在室内的位置比较固定 ,通常一座房址内仅埋有一座居室墓葬。兴隆洼遗址共发现居室墓葬 30余座 ,查海遗址仅发现有 6座。居室葬代表了一种极为特殊的埋葬制度 ,具有浓重的宗教祭祀意义。少数人物因生前具有特殊的社会地位或死因特殊 ,死后被埋在室内 ,成为生者崇拜、祭祀的对象。兴隆洼文化的居室葬俗对辽西地区后来的赵宝沟文化、红山文化、夏家店下层文化均产生了多方面的影响     

兴隆洼文化聚落形态初探

夏商周断代工程作为中国古代明研究的第一步,在其取得阶段性成果之后,应该考虑如何进一步推进中国古代明研究的问题。夏商周断代工程所取得的一系列进展,对探讨中原古明,特别是最早的明,是一个新的起点。在古代明的研究中,第一,应很好地总结前人的研究成果。第二,中原古明的研究范围很广,涉及的课题很多,     

刍议兴隆洼文化蚌器

蚌器是一种以蚌壳为材料制作的器具,其主要是用作生产工具、生活用具或装饰品等,在辽西地区兴隆洼文化中蚌器发现数量颇多。以兴隆洼文化出土的蚌器为主要研究对象,将其分为装饰类、人面类、臂钏类和工具类四类,进行类型和功能的分析,进而讨论蚌器与石器中同类器之间相互模仿、相互影响的互动关系。     

内蒙古敖汉旗兴隆洼文化八千前年骨笛研究

1986年,在兴隆洼遗址的发掘中发现了一支骨笛。这支骨笛经研究、修复、测音,能准确演奏完美的乐曲,从而把中国古代音乐乐器制作史提前到距今8000年,是中国音乐乐器史上的一项重大发现,对推动中华文明探源工程有着极为深刻的意义。     

兴隆洼文化分期与年代

1982年秋冬,敖汉旗文化馆和中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古考古队在敖汉旗东南部进行文物普查时发现兴隆洼遗址,1983年进行发掘,命名了兴隆洼文化[1]。已发掘的兴隆洼文化遗址还有查海[2]、白音长汗[3]、南台子[4]、     

兴隆洼文化房屋内遗存所反映的性别问题

性别考古学的理论和方法对于认识中国史前时代的家庭和社会结构颇具启发性。对兴隆洼文化房屋内性别相关物的分析表明,男性相关物和女性相关物在各房屋内共存,房屋内是否居住着一个由夫妻和子女组成的核心家庭。房屋内除了共同的生活空间以外,男性和女性有各自的工作空间。石器加工或修整可能是男性在房屋内进行的一项重要工作,食物加工很可能是女性在室内从事的最主要的日常工作。     

考古学研究玉器起源的一部力作——评《玉器起源探索——兴隆洼文化玉器研究及图录》

The book Research on the Origin of Jades:A Study and Album of XinglongwaCulture Jades jointly compiled and published by the Institute of Archaeology,CASS,and the Center forChinese Archaeology and Art,the Chinese University of Hong Kong,describes all the jades round 8000BP unearthed from the Xinglongwa site and expounds comprehensively the results of their studies.Itmakes a multi-angle discussion on related problems,such as the origin and diffusion,the use and usingmanner and the making technology of jad...     

Modeling the Roles of Craft Production in Ancient Political Economies

Ongoing debates over the significance of specialized production in ancient political economies frequently hinge on questions of whether elites or commoners controlled craft manufactures and whether the material or ideological import of these production processes was more significant in deciding power contests. Though long recognized, such queries were traditionally answered in relatively straightforward economic terms. Recently, these time-honored approaches have been questioned. An ever increasing number of authors are promoting varied takes on the causal linkages between political forms and processes, on the one hand, and patterns of production, distribution, and use of craft goods, on the other. The literature generated by these discussions is extensive, vibrant, and often confusing. Rather than trying to synthesize all reports and essays dealing with specialized manufacture, this paper highlights general interpretive trends that underlie and structure current debates. The concluding section offers suggestions for how studies of relations among crafts, power, and social heterogeneity might be pursued profitably in the future.     

湖北旧石器文化初步研究

一、前　言湖北位于我国中部 ,长江从其腹地穿越 ,地理位置处于东经 1 0 8°2 1′——— 1 1 6°0 1′ ,北纬 2 9°5′——— 33°2 0′。属亚热带季风气候 ,因受太阳辐射和季风环流的季节性变化的影响 ,湖北雨热同季 ,四季分明 ,光照充足 ,雨量充沛 ,年平均降水量在 80 0毫米～ 1 0 0 0毫米 ,年均光照总数在 1 2 0 0小时～2 0 0 0小时之间 ,年平均温度在 1 5℃～ 1 7℃。湖北东、西、北三面环山 ,东南及中部为平原。全境河流交织 ,湖泊如星。湖北的生物资源也极为丰富 ,据统计 ,生活在湖北的动物多达 70 0余种、植物 4 0 0 0多种。这种生态…     

明清时期汉水下游地区的地理环境与堤防管理制度

明清时期国家对于汉水下游的水利管理制度经历一个变迁的过程,与这一区域的水利问题的日益突出密切相关,垸田的发展以及带来的问题是主要的因素。钟祥至沙洋的汉江干堤极易溃决,并且关系到整个下游地区的安全,因此在人力组织、资金筹集、岁修维护上,国家的政策表现出明显的倾斜性,相对于沙洋以下的区域,给予了充分的重视。沙洋以下,天门、潜江、沔阳等州县所在区域主要以垸田为主,国家将这一区域的堤防修筑与维护主要交由地方来进行。垸堤岁修维护采取堤甲制的组织形式,由垸民完成,一方面没有固定的资金,另一方面在正常年景之下,垸民可以获得基本的物质生存,因此垸堤的维护面临相当的困难。     

An Analysis of Arrow and String Bag Craft Variability in the Upper Sepik and Central New Guinea

ABSTRACT This paper describes an analysis of relationships between language, geography and material culture in the upper Sepik region of New Guinea. We used Mantel tests and principal coordinate analysis to assess and compare the associations between arrow and string bag crafts and language and geographical distance. The Mantel tests resulted in a significant association between each class’ craft variability and both geographical distance and language, however, after statistical control was applied to either of the independent variables only a significant association with geographical distance remained. We argue that these results indicate craft techniques were readily disseminated and that craft distributions are unlikely to reflect any deeper historical relationships between groups. The spatial autocorrelation of arrow crafts was particularly great. A comparison of the principal coordinate analysis plots indicates a greater degree of diffusion and synthesis had taken place between lowland and highland arrow craft traditions. We conclude that the more intensive learning regimes needed to master string bag craft techniques, as well as a greater degree of interdependence between string bag components, had ensured more abrupt differences between bag types resulting in a more moderate degree of spatial autocorrelation.     

连云港境内吴文化遗存的初探

连云港境内石室土墩、几何印纹陶、吴国青铜器等吴文化遗存的发现,对探讨吴国与其他诸侯国的政治关系提供了重要佐证。     

红山文化研究

红山文化是燕山南北地区新石器时代非常重要的考古学文化,有关红山文化分期的文章已发表多篇,但由于受到当时考古资料所限,学者们分歧较大。本文以近年来所发表的两处层位关系较好的遗存为突破口,尝试对红山文化进行分期,并在分期的基础上,对以往有学者将红山文化划分为不同考古文化类型等问题进行讨论。