年华似水 岁月如歌——简评《河南考古探索》

河南地处中原 ,扼东西南北交通之要冲。境内群山起伏 ,大河纵横 ,平原辽阔 ,深得天时地利之便。河南历史悠久 ,我们的祖先很早就劳动、生息、繁衍在这方神奇的热土上。日月交替 ,沧桑更迭 ,物华天宝 ,人杰地灵 ,孕育了中华民族灿烂的古代文化。由于战争的频仍 ,王朝的兴衰 ,人民的迁徙 ,河南又成为各民族交融汇合的熔炉。漫长的历史岁月过去了 ,留下了丰富的遗迹和遗物 ,在中国古代文明中占有无可替代的历史地位。旧石器时代文化 ,南来北往 ,东播西传 ,都需经过河南沃野 ;新石器时代文化 ,河南名列前矛 ,成为中国古代文明的重要源头 ;夏商周…     

An Archaeological Review of Western New Guinea

Western New Guinea constitutes a frontier zone physically, politically, culturally and conceptually between Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Despite this pivotal position, archaeological information for the region is scarce due to limited investigations, limited publication and the multilingual nature of publications. Consequently, little archaeological information about western New Guinea has percolated into the mainstream literature. This paper aims to fill this gap and provides a detailed review of archaeological research, including rock art, published in Dutch, English, French, German and Indonesian. The resultant findings are discussed in terms of continuities and discontinuities with Papua New Guinea and Island Southeast Asia.     

考古学研究中的系统论

本文发表于1975年,其时新考古学作为一种划时代的思潮已经取得了历史性成就。新考古学家们为新的研究目标,从其它学科中引进了许多新的思想和方法,系统论作为其中最重要的理论方法之一,开始取代文化历史考古学中的关键学术概念和分析单位——考古学文化(当然,系统论作为人类思想领域的最新成果,对自然科学和社会科学的各个门类都产生了重要和深刻的影响,而决非仅限于考古学)。并成为考古学理论方法变革的一个重要标志。系统论的精髓在于将考古学从立足于器物静态的分析和分类以及编史学的研究,转向对这些器物制作和使用的人类行为和适应环境等多变量互动系统关系的阐释。考古学文化不再被看作是分析的基本单位和关键概念,而是需要从物质遗存产生的背景和各种因果关系来了解文化的产生和演变,并对考古学研究的概念、方法以及探讨和力求解决的问题做根本的调整。这使得考古学家能够放弃过去那些无法解决或意义不大的问题,将精力集中到更加便于观察和更加容易解决的问题上。本文通过对沃森、勒布朗和雷德曼、克拉克和弗兰纳里等学者有关成果的叙述,详细介绍了系统论引入考古学的起因、过程和发展,从概念的革新和建模方式等方面,阐述了系统论对考古学研究革命性的影响,以及在人类学、民族学等考古学相关领域内所引起的变革。可以说,现代考古学理论相对于经典考古学所取得的突破性的成就,很多方面都是引入系统论思维的结果。阅读本文,虽然作者写作的对象是西方学者,中国读者由于对许多背景知识不是很了解,在翻译和阅读上可能会出现一些困难,但是仔细领会其中一些要点,还是能够帮助我们对系统论的意义有一个初步的了解。     

Syndactyly in Pigs: A Review of Previous Research and the Presentation of Eight Archaeological Specimens

This paper reviews evidence for the rare condition of porcine syndactyly. It describes eight archaeological examples from Britain, Northern Ireland and France. Syndactyly refers to the partial or complete fusion of two or more adjacent phalanges on the medio‐lateral border. The degree and character of fusion are variable, but phalanges frequently unite to create a single skeletal element. This condition has been identified by veterinarians, zoologists and naturalists in individuals and populations in a range of species, but in spite of substantial research on the condition in humans and to a lesser extent cattle, it remains relatively poorly understood in other mammals. Syndactyly is generally agreed to be primarily congenital in origin, although factors affecting its incidence remain far from fully understood. In light of the general paucity of discussion of specific conditions of animal palaeopathology, this paper presents an analysis of these newly discovered syndactyle pig specimens, offers a review of research with particular reference to pigs and discusses the etiology of the condition. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考古研究中的"文化传统"

本根据“化传统”的概念,尝试性提出从考古遗存中识别化传统标准,以及对化传统进行基本分类、探讨每种分类对于认识考古学化结构的意义。     

关于肃慎的考古学文化

由于中国史籍中有关肃慎历史的记载十分匮乏,对于肃慎族的研究恐怕还是要更多地依赖考古学发现。本文从器物角度出发,结合地域、时空因素,将出现在松花江、黑龙江流域的肃慎考古学文化分为新开流、小南山、莺歌岭三个类型,比较分析这三种类型肃慎考古学文化的面貌。     

考古学研究中跨学科问题刍议

在科学整体化的驱动下,由单一学科视野转向多维交叉的跨学科研究已经成为当代科学研究一个显的特征。由于学科固有的话语体系、问题脉络和学术规范,不同学科在对接、转化、整合过程中面临着许多新的问题。本以考古学为中心,对目前跨学科研究所存在的问题进行了举例分析,以期能引起学术界对相关问题的重视。     

读《考古学理论·方法·技术》

20世纪 80年代以来 ,随着对外开放的发展 ,国外新的考古学理论与方法渐次传入中国 ,国内考古学者对考古学理论和方法进行了相应的反思并就相关问题开展了一场讨论。在讨论过程中 ,许多学者发表了自己的看法 ,有力地推动了中国考古学理论研究的深入。栾丰实、方辉、靳桂云先生的《考古学理论·方法·技术》 (文物出版社 2 0 0 2年1 0月版 )一书正是对中国考古学理论、方法与技术的系统化总结。作为国内第一部系统论述考古学理论、方法与技术的著作 ,《考古学理论·方法·技术》一书具有重要的理论、方法与实践意义。一《考古学理论·方法·技…     

试论南台子类型

一、绪言兴隆洼文化是中国社会科学院考古研究所1983年发掘敖汉旗兴隆洼遗址后提出来的,为中国北方地区较早阶段的新石器时     

西梁文化初论

20世纪50年代的考古调查中,在赤峰市克什克腾旗经棚镇盆瓦窑遗址发现过三段式纹饰布局筒形罐,口沿下为平行细条附加堆纹,其下是半重环附加堆纹,主体纹饰     

靺鞨族起源发展的考古学观察

靺鞨族在隋唐之前,先后被称为肃慎、挹娄、勿吉等名,迄今在三江平原及其周围山地已发现多处汉魏晋南北朝时期该民族的考古遗存。北朝后期,勿吉、靺鞨族向南发展,形成地域广阔的七部,其中位于第二松花江流域的粟末靺鞨部,已有三处重要墓群被发掘,其文化特征在本民族原有文化的基础上,又受到了当地原夫余族和南邻高句丽以及中原文化的影响。7世纪末,以粟末部为主体建立起的渤海政权,以接受册封为契机,迅速吸收唐王朝的多项制度和文化,使其政治、经济、文化诸方面开始了全面发展。     

Review - Matthew Johnson: Archaeological Theory: An Introduction

Hans Ame Jensen: Seeds and Other Diaspores in Soil Samples from Danish Town and Monastery Excavations, dated 700–1536 AD. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. Biologiske Skrifter 26, Copenhagen 1986. 107 pp, 11 Tables, 10 Figs. 5 Pl.

R. Haaland &; P. Shinnie (eds.): African Ironworking: Ancient and Traditional. Norwegian University Press 1985. 212 pp.     

Archaeological Research in Conflict Areas: Practice and Responsibilities

This paper discusses the relationships between ethics and archaeological fieldwork. It represents the author’s reflections on her own archaeological work in an area, Lebanon, which has in recent times been wracked by considerable violence. The stimulus for the paper came mainly from the question posed by the session organizers and editors of this issue: what would constitute ethical archaeological practice, especially in situations of war and violence but also in cultural contexts in which different approaches to understanding and valuing historical knowledge predominate than those typically held by archaeologists. Two concrete examples from my own fieldwork in Beirut and Kamid el-Loz make clear how the scientific interests of historical-archaeological research and those of people who live in the research area can be reconciled despite specific instances in which they diverge.     

The Freedom of Archaeological Research: Archaeological Heritage Protection and Civil Rights in Austria (and Beyond)

Archaeologists like to think that heritage protection laws serve the purpose of protecting all archaeology from damage. Thus, provisions like that of §11 (1) Austrian Denkmalschutzgesetz or Art. 3 i-ii of the Valletta Convention are interpreted as a blanket ban on archaeological fieldwork ‘unauthorized’ by national heritage agencies, and a general prohibition against archaeological field research by non-professionals. The Austrian National Heritage Agency, the Bundesdenkmalamt, interprets the Austrian law in this way. Using the Austrian example as a case study, this paper demonstrates that this interpretation must be wrong, since, if it were true, it would revoke a fundamental civil right enshrined both in the Austrian constitution and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union: the unconditional freedom of research, which applies to archaeological field research as to any other kind of academic research, and extends equally to every citizen.     

Recent Research on Obsidian from Missouri Archaeological Sites

Obsidian has been noted at archaeological sites in the Midwest for over 160 years, although very few artifacts made from this material are recorded in archaeological contexts in Missouri. Background research revealed that only 16 obsidian artifacts from 13 sites had been documented from the state and that only 5 of the specimens had been geochemically analyzed and attributed to a source. Recent excavations at the Droste site (23PI1291), a Late Woodland period site in northeast Missouri, yielded two obsidian artifacts. The two specimens from the Droste site along with two previously unsourced obsidian artifacts from the Burkemper site (23LN104) and two from the Stapleton site (23HD110) were tested for trace element composition via X-ray fluorescence analysis. This article reports the results of these geochemical analyses, reviews the other obsidian artifacts reported from Missouri, and examines the cultural context and source of obsidian artifacts from other states in the upper Midwest.     

Strontium Isotopes from the Earth to the Archaeological Skeleton: A Review

Strontium isotope analysis of archaeological skeletons has provided useful and exciting results in archaeology in the last 20 years, particularly by characterizing past human migration and mobility. This review covers the biogeochemical background, including the origin of strontium isotope compositions in rocks, weathering and hydrologic cycles that transport strontium, and biopurification of strontium from to soils, to plants, to animals and finally into the human skeleton, which is subject to diagenesis after burial. Spatial heterogeneity and mixing relations must often be accounted for, rather than simply ``matching' a measured strontium isotope value to a presumed single-valued geologic source. The successes, limitations and future potential of the strontium isotope technique are illustrated through case studies from geochemistry, biogeochemistry, ecology and archaeology.

齐文化的考古学发现与研究

齐国有着悠久的历史,对于封齐时间、"齐"得名、营丘地望等,历来学者争论不已,难以定论.齐文化是指齐国的考古学文化,其发现与研究历程可分为四阶段:文献记载与金石学研究、启蒙、田野资料积累与初步研究和全面深入研究.目前,齐文化研究领域涉及齐文化的分期年代、文化特征和文化渊源等多方面,但对这些课题都缺乏系统的总结研究.此外,关于齐文化的形成和发展、齐文化与周边文化的关系等问题学术界也少有讨论.有必要总结齐文化,发现不足,提出新课题,从而推动齐文化研究向纵深发展.