明朝戚继光石牌坊综合保护技术探究

山东省蓬莱市明朝民族英雄戚继光"父子总督坊"和"母子节孝坊"两座石质牌坊,是明朝石质牌坊代表作之一,为全国重点文物保护单位,是山东省罕见的古代大型石雕艺术品。四百余年来,石牌坊历经三次破坏性大地震,以及人为损坏、自然因素侵蚀,造成石牌坊坊体构件缺失损坏,表面风化裂隙、剥落,个别主体构件断裂等病害现象出现。我国文物保护工作者先后采取化学加固、封护,修复残损构件及作旧等系列保护技术,对两座明朝石质牌坊进行综合性保护,使其重现历史原貌,在古代石质牌坊保护方面进行了有益探索。     

天水大地湾遗址F901裂隙灌浆工艺试验研究

大地湾遗址是仰韶时期的重要遗存之一。在自然力作用下,墙体裂隙发育,局部剥离塌落,严重威胁着大地湾遗址F901的长久保存。本文以制作模拟试样筛选适合于遗址本体保护的加固材料和比例。通过干燥时间、抗压强度、线性收缩率、析水性试验等发现：料礓石改性土与当地土按1:10配比,具有较好的抗压强度,线性收缩率、干燥时间、析水性适宜,现场保护效果良好,为遗址保护材料筛选试验积累了经验,可为其他类似的保护修复提供参考和技术指导。     

唐墓彩绘文物的保护研究

针对唐代墓葬的几件彩陶文物和壁画的特殊要求,选择性能优良的保护材料对彩绘文物进行加固保护。通过X-射线荧光光谱仪和分光光度仪进行彩绘文物颜料成分分析,选用浓度为2%的B72和2%的改性B72加固保护彩绘文物,测试保护后文物的表面颜料粘结性、耐水性、耐酸碱等性能,同时选用分光光度仪和粘接强度仪测试光照老化后文物的颜料颜色和粘接强度的变化。试验结果表明,文物颜料主要成分包括铅丹、铅丹和朱砂混合物、土红以及石绿;加固保护后文物的粘结性、耐水性和耐酸碱度都有所提高,且改性B72的提高程度比B72大;光照老化后改性B72保护的彩绘文物颜料主波长、色纯度和亮度变化均小于B72的变化,改性B72的粘接强度提高指数是B72的3倍之多,粘接性能优于B72。综合对比可以看出,加入紫外线吸收剂的改性B72保护材料很好地起到加固和保护彩绘文物的作用,在彩绘文物加固保护材料的选择上具有借鉴和指导意义。     

有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂非水分散体的制备及在土遗址保护中的试用

为找到耐候性良好并对土遗址有良好保护效果的材料,以工业品的有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂乳液为原料,采用转化法制备了有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂非水分散体材料。对形成的非水分散体进行了外观检验和老化性能检验。通过对土样的加固试验和实地应用发现,浓度为0.8％的加固剂251M具有良好的固结效果,表面颜色基本不变,证明这种材料是一种有应用前景的土遗址防风化加固保护材料。     

广西宁明花山岩画保护技术现场试验部分初步研究

通过实地试验,筛选出适合花山岩画保护的岩体开裂注胶粘接加固、岩画表层片状剥离治理、岩画鳞片状剥落表层渗透加固的材料及工艺,从而为大面积岩画本体保护提供科学的试验依据。     

珙县“僰人”悬棺维修加固工程结束

省级重点文物保护单位珙县“僰人”悬棺,是我国古代西南少数民族文化的遗存,在民族学上具有很高的价值。由于悬棺置放都是在悬崖陡壁上,长期的日晒雨淋,一部份悬棺木桩腐朽、松动,棺身倾斜,棺木破损。为保护好这一珍贵的历史文物,最近,国家文物局,省文化厅拨出专款,省文物部门派出考古专业人员。对九盏灯、珍珠伞、棺材铺三处悬棺进行维修加固。这次维修加固悬棺,是建国以来的第一次。参加这项工程的全体同志,按照国家文物局维修保护文物的规定,结合实际,较好地解决了工程中有关悬棺木桩的加固,残棺的修复,新材料的应用等复杂的技术问题。对已腐朽松动的木桩,采用将钢筋契入桩孔,再用水泥凝固,使钢筋承     

一种新型有机硅改性的丙烯酸树脂在加固糟朽丝织品中的应用

用加固剂加固保护已经严重糟朽的丝织品是一种延长丝织品寿命的有效方法。用一种新型有机硅改性的丙烯酸树脂SA—6对丝织品进行加固保护,结果表明SA—6在耐老化、耐沾污性、耐霉菌等方面具有优良的特性,不只是对于丝织品的保护,而且在其它类物保护中有望得到广泛应用。     

房屋建筑中混凝土结构加固施工技术探讨

文章首先分析了房屋建筑中混凝土结构的主要质量问题,包括混凝土内部化学反应和侵蚀问题、干缩裂缝、钢筋锈蚀。随后介绍了房屋建筑工程中的混凝土结构加固技术,包括直接加固法、间接加固法、混凝土结构加固技术改造,希望能给相关人士提供有效参考。     

氰乙基壳聚糖对纸质文物加固保护的应用研究

为研究对壳聚糖进行氰乙基化改性后对纸质文物加固保护的可行性,将试验得到的壳聚糖改性产物配制成适当浓度的胶液,喷涂于纸样表面,分别进行抗张强度测试、耐折度测试、抗干热加速老化试验、光泽度测试等工作,并用FTIR进行表征。结果表明,经最佳浓度为30%的氰乙基壳聚糖胶液保护后,纸样保持了原有的质感、光泽、颜色,抗张强度提高了67%,耐折度提高了5.5倍。由此证明,氰乙基壳聚糖对纸质文物的加固保护效果明显,为天然高分子在文物保护中的应用开辟了广阔的前景。     

水硬性石灰改性土修复加固材料性能研究

针对土遗址土体坍塌、残缺等病害,为选择更好的土遗址修复加固材料,通过遗址土中添加水硬性石灰进行改性,分析检测水硬性石灰改性土修复材料的性能,并与石灰改性土材料性能进行对比分析。研究结果表明,与石灰改性土性能相比,水硬性石灰改性土修复材料夯土收缩率小、水稳定性好、抗压强度大和强度增加快、耐冻融性好;其性能优于石灰改性土材料的性能,适合土遗址土体坍塌、残损病害的修补加固,其研究成果为土遗址的保护修复加固提供科学依据。     

试论清代皇帝明黄色朝袍的功用

在清代皇帝冠服中,明黄色朝袍的功用尤其引人关注。但是,长期以来人们对“朝祭所御”的概念往往含混不清,以至认为清帝明黄色朝袍既可亲郊飨庙又能御殿朝贺,模糊了朝服与祭服的区别。顺治十年(1653年)都察院左副都御史傅景星奏言:“自古帝王一代之兴,必有一代之制,黄帝尧舜垂衣裳而天下治。衮冕黼黻代有不同,朝有朝服,祭有祭服,所以肃臣民而格上下也……”。本文旨在讨论清帝明黄色朝袍的不同作用,从而区分出朝服与祭服的不同。     

牌坊文化探略

牌坊作为中国特有的建筑形式,在中国传统文化中具有独特的地位。本文就牌坊的起源、功能及文化内涵等问题加以探讨,并指出牌坊文化是一种值得深入研究的中国的特殊文化现象。     

Hidden in plain sight: mixed methods and the marble orchards of the Vlach Rom (Gypsies) in Toledo,Ohio

While American Romanies live a remarkably secretive cultural existence, their grave locations and memorial stones offer accessible evidence about their history and active, on-going communities. This article elaborates a less-intrusive ethnographic method that uses Romani cemetery data to explore and map the distributions and social networks of American Romani communities. This case study identifies Vlach Rom memorial sites located in Toledo, Ohio's Calvary Catholic Cemetery. Data were gathered on the memorials and spatially cataloged using a global positioning system (GPS). Additionally, genealogical data on the families were collected whenever available in order to construct and map family networks. Conjectures explaining the spatial distribution were tested by empirically investigating geographic information system (GIS) maps of different gravesite attributes. Land availability was the most likely factor determining the distribution. Evidence of Toledo Rom history and cultural practices were also gathered and reviewed from a qualitative analysis of the memorial stones. These discoveries have the potential to advance Romany studies—by applying modern analytic tools, GPS and GIS hardware and software to reveal otherwise “hidden” knowledge.     

《清史列传》标点商榷四则

中华书局标点本《清史列传》给学术界提供了极大方便,但个别地方的标点尚有待于商榷,略举四则：其一、李光地传载彭鹏劾李光地疏;其二、康熙三十九年二月李光地上康熙帝疏;其三、张履祥传;其四、颜元传。     

陕西白水出土宋代丝绸的揭展保护

为了验证自行研制的JZ 1出土丝织品揭展剂的实用效果 ,对陕西白水县出土的宋代粘连糟朽丝绸进行了实验性揭展。实验结果表明 ,JZ 1揭展剂对出土的糟朽丝织品具有明显的克服粘连丝绸之间的粘结力、软化脆化丝绸和协助剥离的作用 ,说明JZ 1是一种效果较好的丝织品揭展剂。     

Clay Plates with Stylized Ornithomorphic Representations from Section Vi of the Gorbunovo Peat Bog*

Clay plates with stylized representations of birds found at Section VI of the Gorbunovo Peat Bog (Trans-Urals) in 1926 and 2009 are described here with regard to technology, typology, function, and age. Similarities with Suzgun and Late Cherkaskul artifacts (13th – 12th centuries BC) point to the date of the plates. Suzgun sanctuaries and Andronovo burial sites suggest that the site with which the plates are associated might be either ritual or memorial.     

Re-assembling the memorial landscape: the politics of walking tours in Taipei

This article argues that the memorial landscape is a dynamically composed assemblage of heterogeneous elements, and that the guided walking tour is a practical tactic through which discourses and materials might be re-assembled and thus re-signified. Guided walking tours therefore epitomise the relational rethinking of memorial landscapes, or quasi-heritage, in everyday urban life. Based on three case studies in Taipei, Taiwan, we discuss how memorial landscapes featuring the urban underclass and civil resistance might be strategically re-assembled. We explore to what extent the bodily practices, narratives, and reconfiguration of space have produced new memorialised landscapes. We conclude that guided walking tours are a form of social intervention that can reframe our understanding of memorialization or quasi-heritagization, especially in the urban arena where heterogeneous values increasingly compete.     

Constructing national identity in Canada's capital, 1900–2000: Confederation Square and the National War Memorial

Ottawa's Confederation Square was initially planned to be a civic plaza to balance the nearby federal presence of Parliament Hill. A century of federal planning, with the direct involvement of Prime Minister W.L. Mackenzie King, repositioned it as a national space in the City Beautiful style. Recent renovations have improved its pedestrian amenity and restored much of the original plan by French urban designer Jacques Gréber. The square contains the National War Memorial and the National Arts Centre, yet is a weak public space due to weak edge definition, animation, and spatial enclosure. The war memorial design was selected in a 1925 international competition won by Britain's Vernon March. The Great War monument was not installed until the 1939 Royal visit, and Mackenzie King intended that the re-planning of the capital would be the World War II memorial. However, the symbolic meaning of the Great War monument gradually expanded to become the place of remembrance for all Canadian war sacrifices. The National War Memorial is more successful as a symbolic object than Confederation Square is as a public space, yet both have evolved into important elements of the Canadian capital's national identity.     

Dynamic Stability and Design of C-Bent Columns

Symmetrically reinforced bridge columns with a horizontal cantilever in one direction, called C-bent columns, tend to deform predominantly in the direction of applied moment when subject to strong earthquake shaking. For this reason, the strength in the direction of applied moment is generally increased in design. This article describes the use of inelastic dynamic time history analyses with a suite of ground motion records to quantify the amount of strength increase required to minimize likely peak and permanent displacement demands. It is shown that the strength should be increased by approximately 2.3 times the applied moment in design.     

New Delhi’s All-India War Memorial (India Gate): Death,Monumentality and the Lasting Legacy of Empire in India

This paper traces the colonial and postcolonial histories of one of India’s most iconic structures, New Delhi’s All-India War Memorial. Designed and built by Edwin Lutyens immediately after the Great War, the memorial commemorated both Indian soldiers who had died in defence of the empire and the reason for such human sacrifice. As such the memorial reaffirmed and celebrated Britain and India’s unbreakable imperial bond, now strengthened by the fiery crucible of war. After independence in 1947, India took ownership of the memorial by renaming it India Gate to symbolise the country’s transition from what it had been to what it was becoming through India’s passion to be free. In the process, the memorial was re-evaluated and re-imagined in ways that transformed this site of unwelcome colonial memory into one of India’s most important symbols of national renewal. And yet this new interpretation remained as highly contested and problematic as its original colonial meaning. While the memorial became a site of national cohesion for many, it also perpetuated a colonial politics of division along communal (religious) and inter-communal (caste) lines that has eroded a sense of well-being and security for significant sections of the Indian community. Today, India Gate serves as a symbol of both national renewal and national fragmentation.