旅游生态环境影响浅析

旅游活动与野生动植物、水资源、大气环境与自然景观等均存在相互影响的关系。风景的破坏与野生动植物的消失会导致游客对旅游产品的满意度下降,对于旅游业的可持续发展造成巨大的负面影响。本文试图探究对旅游生态环境影响进行研究的重要意义并提出相应的对策建议。全球的环境正在因人类的各种干扰活动而改变,如果不采取措施,其后果可能是灾难性的。随着全球范围内对环境问题     

简议神的人形化与神从巫术到宗教的发展

神的起源与巫术有着直接的关系,在神脱离原始形态的过程中,巫术活动十分关键。根据对古代中东,埃及,以及希腊的原始宗教研究,在这个变化过程中,笔者认为可以划分为两个重要阶段。第一个阶段是人被神化的阶段,神圣的观念与人类意志结合,形成了一批拥有神圣话语权的人类,巫师等神权阶级成为人神交流的枢纽。第二阶段是神被人化的阶段,当传统不断地被强化之后,一种颠倒的认识形成,神理所当然的是具有人形的。这种意识上的变化,再加上人类实践活动的扩展及其所造成的高层次需求,导致了原始神的再生。     

人类正面临从未有过的变化--论高科技革命的世界历史意义

自本世纪开始以来,特别是第二次世界大战以后,人类社会发生了巨大而深刻的变化,但到目前为止这种变化只不过刚刚开始.现在,21世纪正在向我们走来,处于世纪之交的人们,如何认识人类正在和将要发生的变化,这种变化的本质究竟是什么,它将给人类带来怎样的启迪与教训,这些都是国内外广泛关注的重大课题,社会科学不能不给予回答.     

管理的实质在于创新

管理是人类各种活动中最重要的活动之一。人类社会面对着一对尖锐的矛盾:一方面可供利用的各种资源都是稀缺的;另一方面,人类的欲望是无限的,不会停留在某一水平上。因此,经济的本质就是作出选择,来恰当配置和充分利用稀缺的资源,生产出产品,并分配给社会集团和成员,以满足其不断增长的需求和欲望。从这样的思路出发来看管理,我们会有更深刻的认识。所谓管理,是适应组织外部环境和内部条件的变化,有效地配置和利用可得到的有限的资源,进行整合,以实现本组织既定目标的动态的创造性活动。这种创造性的整合活动包括了目标组织、制度、市场诸方面的内容。     

旅行与山水文化的形成

随着人类与自然的不断亲近,山水由被顶礼膜拜的神祗,逐渐变为了纯粹的审美对象。古人的旅行活动不断深化着这种认识,进而催生了中国独特的山水文化。山水文学、山水画作为其中的代表,最能体现二者互为表里的密切关系。     

药物残留物分析技术的考古学应用

有机残留物分析技术是使用有机化学分析手段鉴定有机残留物的性质和来源的主要方法①。与人类活动有关的有机物,其残留的生化成分残存于考古遗址内多种多样的器物和沉积物中。通过一定的分离和鉴定技术,例如色谱分离和质谱鉴定等适当的技术,可以揭示残留物生物分子成分,从而指示与人类活动相关的有机物及其利用情况,对陶器等用具、工具的功能解读、遗址环境重建、古人类行为复原和食谱分析等方面都可以起到一定程度的辅助作用②、③、④、⑤。古代人类的衣食住行都与植物和动物资源相关,特别是古代人类的医疗活动,根据各种动植物资源的药性药理,治疗各种疾病或者养生健体。由于药物多来源于动植物资源,不易保存,能够保存下来的药材实在少之又少,在考古遗址中关于药物利用的实物证据甚为罕见。因此,残留物分析就成为考古学研究中药物发展史分析的重要手段之一。     

明清动植物谱录中的生物学知识

内容提要 动植物谱录是中国古代记录一种或多种动植物名称、性状、习性、栽培饲养技术及有关艺文、典故的专书.该类著作在明清两代出现最多、文献保留最全.谱录作者一般对所记动植物有特殊偏爱和丰富的种植、养殖经验.他们观察动植物形态及生命活动中的各种现象并记在书中,外加体会、认识和评价.其中有的算作可贵的发现和见解.     

从汾河上游的地名透视环境变迁

地名中包含着重要的环境信息,特别是大量真实、生动记载动植物生存环境及分布特征的地名。具体到汾河上游亦如斯。汾河上游的地名为我们研究历史时期这一区域人类活动与环境变迁的关系提供了丰富的素材。     

初中物理实验教学点滴

物理学由实验和理论两部分组成,物理学实验是人类认识世界的一种重要活动,是进行科学研究的基础;物理学理论则是人类对自然界最基本、最普遍规律的认识和概括。     

培养中学生数学探究能力的研究

数学能力是顺利完成数学活动所具备的而且直接影响其活动效率的一种个性心理特征。是人们认识数学、学习数学、使用数学的必不可少的能力,它对人类认识世界起到了不可替代的作用。伴随着最近一轮《数学新课程标准》的出台,新人教版教材与过去已有非常大的变化,其中一个突出的特点就是：知识点变得简单了,但是对数学能力特别是数学应用能力的要求却提高了很多,从近几年我市的中考压轴题不难看出,数学能力对最终正确解题有着巨大的影响。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.