共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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陶器研究自考古学诞生以来始终占有一席非常重要的地位,在文化历史考古学研究的范式中,陶器研究在建立相对年代学、区域文化关系和分辨族群身份上发挥着主导作用。在我国,陶器研究长期来也承袭了这种方法,用来建立相对年代和进行考古学文化研究。虽然也有学者关注陶器的生产技术,但是并未涉及与陶器生产有关的社会、政治和经济变迁的问题。自1960年以来国际考古学界的陶器研究已经走出断代和判断文化关系的窠臼,开始探索更为广泛的领域。其中,手工业专门化是一个深受关注的领域,因为它涉及剩余产品的交换和贸易,是社会复杂化进程的重要表现。许多学者定义了一系列生产组织的类型来研究手工业专门化的发展,从家庭生产和家庭手工业,经个体作坊到工厂,体现了社会复杂化的进程。在本文中,赖斯提出了陶器专门化生产需要探索的一系列问题,她认为,经济专业化总是与社会复杂化同步,并认为手工艺的专门化是社会复杂化的伴生物,陶器、技术、形状和纹饰的变化总是反映了生产结构模式的变化。推断专业化生产的方法有直接和间接两种。直接证据来自对陶器生产作坊的考古发掘,观察陶土及其他原料、模具和其他工具、陶窑以及烧制的废品。间接证据则从陶器的标准化程度、劳力投入、技术水平和分配方式入手。原料成分、制造技术、器形和尺寸较高的标准化程度一般反映了专门化的批量生产。阅读这篇文章可以为我们的陶瓷研究提供一种新的视角。 相似文献
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考古遗址中出土的陶器及相关遗物遗迹,蕴含了丰富的信息,可以为了解陶器的技术、文化和社会等属性提供最直接的证据。通过有目的的民族志调查,借以从民族考古方面尝试研究陶器生产及其体现出的专业化程度和生产组织方式,可以为研究古代社会的制陶业及相关问题提供有效的帮助。这种通过对现存原始制陶作坊的调查,并与考古遗址出土陶器进行对比研究,是探究体现在陶器背后的各种属性的有效途径之一。 相似文献
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在本章中,我将回顾近年来已经取得很大进展的、有关考古学陶器研究的一些新的观念和模式,并探讨对其如何应用和评价的.这次评述主要集中在专业化(Specialization)、标准化(Standardization)和多样性(Diversity)三个重要的概念上,因而不可能面面俱到.1981年,我用玛雅低地的一组资料,发表了一个陶器制造的专业化--强化生产演变"模型",并在该模型中提出:在陶器制作技术、外形和装饰的变化中,标准化和多样性相对程度的改变,应该自始至终地反映了生产组织模式的变化,其中有些可以作为专业化来理解.我又研究了不同水平的生产组织所制造的陶器的特征,并进一步设想:由于资源使用上的差别所导致的结果,制陶专业化可能始于精华的、仪式的、高价值的物品的范围内;而且依靠黏土属性的标准化途径在最早的阶段就可能发觉. 相似文献
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地理信息系统支持的兴隆洼文化手工业生产专业化研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对考古遗址内遗物的空间分布进行分析是研究手工业生产专业化的重要手段。将兴隆洼文化南台子、白音长汗遗址发掘资料数字化,利用地理信息系统软件对遗物分布特征进行分析,显示出遗址内石器和石料的分布具有不均衡性,这说明初级的专业化生产可能在中国的新石器时代中期即已发生。 相似文献
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2011年夏,哈佛大学人类学系副教授傅罗文(Rowan K.Flad)博士撰写的《古代中国的盐业生产和社会等级:中国三峡专业化生产的考古学研究》一书由剑桥大学出版社正式出版。本书分为绪论、复杂社会与专业化生产、四川的古代盐业、中坝遗址、 相似文献
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美国聚落考古学的历史与未来 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
聚落考古学或说聚落形态研究是第二次世界大战以后考古学领域发生的最重要的理论或方法革命,在美国考古学界,它已经成为被新考古学和后过程考古学等各个学派广泛接受的基本方法.本文回顾了聚落考古学产生的背景和发展过程,阐述了它在当代考古研究中的重大作用,并对它在今后考古学发展中的积极前景做了展望. 相似文献
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James M. Bayman 《Journal of Archaeological Research》1999,7(3):249-299
Debates concerning sociopolitical organization in the North American Southwest are clarified and confounded by the conclusion
that craft specialization was not always a sufficient condition of complexity in the region. Understanding the relationship
between varying dimensions of craft specialization (e.g., context, scale, and intensity) and sociopolitical organization in
the region requires us to examine a variety of social institutions (e.g., leadership, gender, and ethnicity) that potentially
generated differentiated economies. New research on middle-range societies in the North American Southwest and elsewhere in
the world should focus on identifying and interpreting the archaeological signatures of specific social institutions and their
linkages to craft economies. 相似文献
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《Journal of Field Archaeology》2013,38(3-4):239-252
AbstractArchaeological models of economic organization in complex societies frequently hinge on indications of craft specialization. Interpretations of such specialization in the Hawaiian islands often involve large-scale production of basalt adzes at Mauna Kea, the largest known quarry in the Pacific region. The recent discovery of expedient non-specialized production of adzes at Pohakuloa outside the main quarry of Mauna Kea, illustrates another dimension of Hawaiian economic systems. The identification of both small-scale and large-scale adze production has important implications for archaeological studies of craft specialization. The Hawaiian example illustrates that some aspects of production, such as context scale, and intensity, may vary within a single technological tradition. This study also suggests that previous interpretations of craft production that have emphasized differences across time — or across different categories — must also address variation among individual groups of contemporary materials. 相似文献
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Heterogeneity, Power, and Political Economy: Some Current Research Issues in the Archaeology of Old World Complex Societies 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Gil J. Stein 《Journal of Archaeological Research》1998,6(1):1-44
Recent research on Old World chiefdoms and states has largely retreated from the general comparative explanatory paradigm
of the 1970s and has focused instead on more historically oriented analyses of culture-specific developmental trajectories.
Both theoretical and empirical work tend to emphasize a heterogeneous, conflict-based model of complex society and political
economy. This analytical framework has been quite successful in documenting variation and historically determined patterning
in the organization of urbanism, craft production, specialization, and exchange. I present an overview of this research and
argue that we now need to reintegrate culturally specific analyses within a modified comparative/generalizing perspective
on complexity. 相似文献
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Firing up craft capital: the renaissance of craft and craft policy in the United Kingdom 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Doreen Jakob 《International Journal of Cultural Policy》2017,23(4):495-511
Crafts have recently been experiencing a renaissance. This revitalization sees craft increasingly recognised as a growing industrial sector with benefits linked to educational, cultural and economic development policy agendas. This paper engages with policy debates around the place of craft in the United Kingdom from 2010. Drawing on craft sector perspectives and UK government policy initiatives it situates the disciplines and practices of craft within their institutional support networks, organizational contexts and draws attention to the role of individuals in driving agendas. The paper focuses on the national facing crafts development organizations, the UK Crafts Council and the UK Heritage Crafts Association, alongside recent policy discussion emerging from the UK Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. Recognizing that the legacies of past practice often inform contemporary agendas, the paper explores how the advocacy of craft in the recent past has shaped the place and positioning of craft in contemporary UK politics. 相似文献
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美国人口地理学的近期进展 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
20世纪90年代以来,美国人口地理学的研究领域和研究方法有了新的发展。本文首先简要回顾了美国人口地理学的发展历史,然后重点对20世纪90年代以来美国人口地理学的新发展作了详细阐述和评价;并在此基础上指出了我国人口地理学应该借鉴的方面。 相似文献
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海洋出水的木质文物中通常会沉积硫铁化合物。打捞出水后,硫铁化合物遇到空气和水分后会发生氧化,生成硫酸以及各种硫酸盐,并引起有机质的降解。近年来,硫铁化合物对海洋出水木质文物的危害已引起广泛关注。为此,本工作阐述了硫铁化合物相关问题的研究现状,就硫铁化合物的产生原因、危害以及目前控制方法的研究进展进行了总结,同时评述了针对硫铁化合物的处理方法。 相似文献
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Jason A. Ur 《Journal of Archaeological Research》2010,18(4):387-431
The intensification of fieldwork in northern Mesopotamia, the upper region of the Tigris-Euphrates basin, has revealed two
cycles of expansion and reduction in social complexity between 4400 and 2000 BC. These cycles include developments in social
inequality, political centralization, craft production and economic specialization, agropastoral land use, and urbanization.
Contrary to earlier assessments, many of these developments proceeded independently from the polities in southern Mesopotamia,
although not in isolation. This review considers recent data from excavations and surveys in northern Iraq, northeastern Syria,
and southeastern Turkey with particular attention to how they are used to construct models of early urban polities. 相似文献
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本文将1987年以来的中国环境考古研究称为"现代中国环境考古研究",并将之归纳为"考古地理的环境考古研究模式"、"文化历史环境考古研究模式"和"资源环境考古研究模式"。本文对这三种研究模式的合理性进行了分析。接下来,从考古学的基本理论假设出发,指出环境考古学、文化历史考古学之间并没有严格的继承关系,中国环境考古研究的最大问题是核心概念的不匹配。最后,通过考察西方环境考古研究和考古学史,本文提出应该用文化适应,即"考古学中的文化"取代考古学文化而将之作为核心概念进行环境考古研究,让中国环境考古摆脱文化历史考古学概念体系的束缚。 相似文献
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《Interdisciplinary science reviews : ISR》2013,38(4):343-344
AbstractThe art and craft of beautifying books with gold is described in detail as well as the historical development of this centuries old skill. A brief mention is made of gilding of picture frames. 相似文献