New Approaches to Sacred Space

Stephen Murray : A Gothic Sermon: Making a Contract with the Mother of God, Saint Mary of Amiens. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. Jaime Lara : City, Temple, Stage: Eschatological Architecture and Liturgical Theatrics in New Spain. Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 2004. Robert Nelson : Hagia Sophia 1850–1950: Holy Wisdom, Holy Monument. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. Robert W. Moss : Historic Sacred Places of Philadelphia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.     

Voluntary Approaches to Environmental Problems: Exploring the Rise of Nontraditional Public Policy

Government reliance on voluntary programs represents a significant shift in public policy: moving from command and control regulations to market based mechanisms. This article explores the determinants of Voluntary Remediation Programs (VRPs) in the American States. During the 1980s and 1990s, 44 states adopted VRPs to facilitate remediation of existing hazardous waste sites. Relying on diffusion of innovation theory, I develop a model of state policy adoption that explores the influence of internal state political and economic factors, as well as testing the influence of regional and top‐down diffusion forces. I utilize a discrete‐time event history approach to test this model. The results indicate that state policymaking is responsive to interest group pressure and the pace of cleanup at hazardous waste sites. Additionally, state policymaking is consistently influenced by the actions of surrounding state governments; the probability of adopting a voluntary program increases if surrounding states have already developed these policies.     

System Innovation in Spatial Development: Current Dutch Approaches

A system innovation is a cross-organizational qualitative intervention that various system participants bring about together through their various contributions of different kinds of knowledge and skill. The term refers to the innovation of an entire system involving many actors. Spatial development refers to both the dynamic in land use, and changes in the development and implementation of spatial plans. The current large number of societal and spatial developments taken as a whole in a country such as the Netherlands increase the pressure on space and create the need for a powerful system innovation. This paper explains the system innovation which is going on in the Netherlands now, drawing on such themes as the coproduction of policy, public–private partnership and demand management. A process architecture for area development is more and more proposed, in which project envelopes are formed, the scope is optimized and surplus profits are ploughed back into the area (value capturing). The future will tell whether this new approach will really work and whether the traditional values and performance of Dutch spatial planning will be safeguarded under changing circumstances.     

全球史对世界史编纂理论和方法的发展

“全球史观”是近年来由国外史学界首先提出的一种研究世界历史的新观点,在这种新视野影响下形成的全球史史学显示出新的世界史编纂模式。全球史史学与传统世界史相比,无论在视角、编纂范围、意识形态、研究方法、历史分期和话语特征诸方面都有新的突破。全球史史学尚不能代替国别史的传统研究领域,但它开创了新的领域———研究国家或区域间的互动交流和全球文明在其他方面的整体关联。全球史史学所带来的方法论意义以及它所表现出的对带有强烈欧洲中心论意识形态的旧世界史体系的解构具有进步意义。     

是继承还是偏离：布罗代尔新论

布罗代尔并不是年鉴学派创始人不折不知的遗产继承人,他的理论从一开始就含有根本偏离费弗尔、布洛克的轨道的成分;他的实践以其理论为指导,事件史被排除在他的历史之外,片面强调环境和结构对人类历史发展的单向决定作用。正是通过他的理论和实践,布罗代尔拔转了年鉴学派大船的航向,他本人也悄悄地路上了与年鉴学派创始人所主张的方向相偏离的道路,这是他的长时段理论及其实践的合乎逻辑的结果。     

Combined Innovation Policy: Linking Scientific and Practical Knowledge in Innovation Systems

New research indicates that firms combining the science-based STI (Science, Technology, Innovation) and the experience-based DUI (Doing, Using, Interacting) modes of innovation are more efficient when it comes to improving innovation capacity and competitiveness. With regard to innovation policy, the STI mode calls for a supply-driven policy, typically aimed to commercialize research results. The DUI mode suggests a demand-driven policy approach, such as supporting the development of new products or services to specific markets. This article analyses how the two types of innovation policies and the two innovation modes can be combined in regional innovation systems (RISs). The analysis builds on studies of the food industry and related knowledge organizations in two counties, Rogaland County (Norway) and Skåne County (Sweden), and two policy initiatives (NCE Culinology and Skåne Food Innovation Network) aimed at strengthening the innovative capability of the RISs. The analysis indicates that policies aimed to link science- and user-driven innovation activity should focus on building absorptive capacity of DUI firms (e.g. through increased scientific competence) and implementation capacity of STI firms (e.g. through increased market and process competence).     

Rethinking Assemblage Analysis: New Approaches to the Archaeology of Working-Class Neighborhoods

In this paper I argue for an expansion of the role of assemblage analysis in understanding daily life in nineteenth-century working-class neighborhoods. The close and systematic examination of quality manufacture of nineteenth-century domestic goods offers a material link to consumer decision-making. This is demonstrated in a study of material culture from working-class sites in Sydney and London.     

Notes on Some Examples of Church Architecture in Cornwall

A survey of the George Inn, with some references to the medieval cloth and wool trade, and an interpretation of the architectural evidence to show the various stages of building, the existing structure being of the late fourteenth century overlaid with many subsequent alterations. The upper floors were given their present jettied front c. 1500 when the building was extensively remodelled. The George was used both as an Inn and for storing and selling cloth at two important annual fairs held by the owners of the manor, the Carthusian Priory of Hinton Charterhouse. The George Inn stands on the south side of the former market place (called the Plain) in the centre of Norton St Philip, a small stone-built market town a few miles north-east of the Mendip Hills (ST 775 560). Norton lies on the route from Salisbury to Bristol and owes its former prosperity to the wool and cloth trade. The George itself is by far the largest secular building in the town and stands three storeys high, head and shoulders above its neighbours, at the cross-roads.     

Reformation on the Continent: Approaches Old and New

Much has changed in Reformation historiography over the last two decades. Long established temporal and geographical frameworks have been thoroughly revised and reappraised. If theology, politics, social movements, and economic trends were once treated as discreet areas of study, nowadays scholars in the field are much more appreciative of how these themes inform each other. This review essay appraises a selection of works that are indicative of the richness and variety that characterizes Reformation and Counter-Reformation scholarship today.     

Sizing Up State Policy Innovation Research

In the literature on state policy innovation, there are three major explanations for what causes a government to adopt a new policy. One is the internal determinants model, which posits that the main factors leading a state to innovate are internal political, social and economic characteristics of the stale. The other two are diffusion models—the regional diffusion model, and the national interaction model—which see slate policy adoptions as emulations of earlier adoptions by other states. Each of the three models has been associated with a distinct strategy for empirical testing. The regional diffusion model has been tested with factor analysis, the national interaction model with time-series regression, and the internal determinants model with cross-sectional regression. In this paper, I explore the ability of these "single-explanation" methodologies to detect the true innovation process underlying stale policy adoptions, by applying these methodologies to data generated from simulated innovation processes with known characteristics. I find that the methodologies often yield incorrect conclusions about the character of innovation. I conclude by presenting an agenda for refining a superior alternative methodology: the event history analysis approach to state policy innovation research introduced by Berry and Berry (1990).