雅尔塔协定、中苏条约与重庆谈判

雅尔塔协定、中苏条约与重庆谈判之间具有相当密切和直接的关系.当时,美苏通过雅尔塔协定和中苏条约,所协调和确立起来的两国共同支持国民党而不支持中共的对华政策,对战后国共重庆谈判的举行和政治协商会议的商定,都产生了重大影响,甚至发挥了主要作用.但到关键时刻在关键问题上,美苏的影响和作用又是相当有限的.我们对此必须要有辩证的清醒的认识.     

中葡有关澳门主权交涉内幕——从1862年条约换文到1887年条约谈判

澳门主权问题的提出主要是在中国鸦片战争失利以后。1862年条约是葡人居澳以来中葡两国签订的第一个条约。由于葡萄牙代表在议约中采取了欺诈手段,清政府未予批准。自1864年换约失败至1887年条约谈判之前的20余年时间里,葡萄牙为了以订立条约的形式达到“合法”占据澳门的目的,曾经串通列强及其驻京公使,多次与清政府进行交涉。     

试探盟誓文体的起源和特点

我国文学历史悠久,内容丰富;而体式不同、功用各殊的文章体裁,亦千姿百态、蔚为大观.盟誓文就是其中之一.     

Australia and the South Pacific nuclear free zone treaty: a reinterpretation

A number of analysts have identified the 1986 South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone (SPNFZ) Treaty as one of Australia's major achievements in the area of arms control diplomacy. This article challenges the orthodox view in the secondary literature that Australia's pursuit of a SPNFZ Treaty was motivated exclusively by a desire to protect the nuclear dimension of its alliance relationship with the United States from more ‘radical’ proposals in the region. Drawing on previously unreleased documents made available to the author by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade under the Commonwealth's Freedom of Information Act, this article argues that the Hawke government's pursuit of a nuclear‐free zone in the South Pacific was motivated primarily by what it perceived as an opportunity to promote Australia's image as an activist middle power committed to bolstering the coherence of the global non‐proliferation regime.     

There was No More Sea: the supersession of the ocean,from the bible to cyberspace

In considering the particular nature of the ocean as an object of western thought, sources to consider include the Hebrew Bible and some of its Eastern Mediterranean and Semitic antecedents, all of which posit the ocean as an antithetical element or object. This relationship to the ocean—and comparisons with other traditions show that the West's is distinctive—appears to inform a range of visions of the ocean, up to the present. Philosophical texts suggest that there may be particular difficulties inherent in the ocean as an object of embodied knowledge.     

A Berlin for Historians

On his death in 1997 Isaiah Berlin was widely hailed as a leading philosopher of political liberalism. This article takes the position that Berlin's philosophical views, particularly those on freedom and cultural pluralism, can also be construed as a valuable guide for historians working in the present, "postmodernist" climate of debate. It further argues that Berlin's character and career, the subjects already of considerable critical inquiry, lend added authority to these views. The focus is on three lengthy essays on history written by Berlin in the 1950s, one of which was first published in the first issue of this journal. The article concludes, following Berlin, that it is the responsibility of historians, as historians, to recognize the often incommensurate plurality of ultimate values to which their fellow human beings historically have subscribed and to judge, as judge they sometimes must, with that recognition fully in mind. If the result of these as well as the other choices that they make is a plurality of histories, of contending subjects, approaches, methods, and outcomes, that is only to be expected, indeed welcomed. It is freedom in practice, and infinitely preferable as such to any known alternative.     

A Place for History

Representing Place: Landscape Painting and Maps. By Edward Casey
Landscape, Nature, and the Body Politic: From Britain's Renaissance to America's New World. By Kenneth Robert Olwig     

兰在幽林

自然界中的兰花,由于自然生态环境的不同, 可分为地生兰、附生兰、腐生兰三种.腐生兰只有一个种类,就是名贵中药天麻.地生兰主要产于温带地区,它们的根系或多或少具有明显的丝状根毛,生长于排水良好且较荫蔽的土壤中或碎石之间与腐殖质较多的地方,有时也生于岩石裂缝之中或含腐殖土的树丫中,形成半附生状态,有绿色的叶片可以进行光合作用,制造植物生长过程中所需要的养料.附生兰产在热带和亚热带潮湿高温的环境,雨林里的空中花园就是它们的栖身之所.     

A New Outlook for Lhasa

Overthelast50years,Lhasahasexpandedinareafrom3squarekintosome50squarekm,andthepopulationhasincreasedfrom30,000to200,000.NEWSPAPERMARKETManynewspapersstandsnowmakearound1,000yuaneachpermonth."Inthepast,therewerethreenewspaperscentersinthecity,andmanyofthepapersavailablewerepublishedamonthorsoearlier,"saidWeidongoftheLhasaPostalandNewspaperCompany."NowthepeopleofLhasahaveaccesstosome5,000journalsandnewspapers.ThemostpopularjournalsareReaders,WomenandYouthDigest.Otherpopularjournalsinc…