中国龙王信仰的发生与定型

中国龙王信仰的基础是先秦时代的龙崇拜,之后在佛教影响、民间创造及统治者的推动下不断变化并在宋代最终定型。这一过程涉及三个重要节点:第一个节点是龙神信仰的形成,涉及龙从兽形到人形、祈雨形式从巫术到祭祀的变化,佛教在其中发挥了重要作用;第二个节点是"龙王"名称的采用及其信仰的普及,宋代统治者出于集权目的的封赐促成了这一变化;第三个节点是海龙王信仰的形成,涉及四海龙王对传统四海神的取代,这一时期龙王地位的上升、佛教影响的扩大都起到了助推作用。     

Environment and Modernity in Transitional China: Frontiers of Ecological Modernization

The process of institutionalizing environmental interests and considerations in Western (especially, but not only, European) industrialized societies has been reflected and theorized upon by social scientists, many of whom have adopted the ‘ecological modernization’ framework. One of the key questions on the research agenda of ecological modernization is its appropriateness for developing or industrializing countries in other parts of the world. This contribution analyses to what extent environmental reforms in contemporary China can be interpreted as ecological modernization. It focuses on the similarities and differences between Chinese and European modes or styles of ecological modernization with respect to the role of state institutions, market dynamics, civil society pressure and international integration.     

后现代、现代性重建与中国的现代性问题

后现代主义对现代性的批判为人们提供了一个理解现代的有益视角,它有利于揭示现代性充满矛盾和悖论的一面,促使人们加强对现代性的反思并发掘其尚未释放的理性潜能,从而实现现代性的重建。就中国的后现代主义者而言,他们对现代性的批判过多地集中于剖析其“西化”本质,忽视了现代性的某些普遍内涵,使中国的现代性问题局限于中西对立的二元视野。客观地评价中国的现代性,就应当突破上述理论框架,认识到现代性中所包含的普遍性与特殊性之间的张力,同时借鉴后现代主义的建设性作用,努力实现现代性的解放功能。     

Zooarchaeology and Modernity in Iceland

This paper follows the lead of the increasing numbers of scholars utilizing the methods and theory of environmental archaeology within historical archaeology. This paper addresses the issue of ??modernity?? in early modern Iceland through the analysis of faunal assemblages from historic sites in Iceland. It examines the idea of modernity through the ideas of commoditization of animals as well as the improvement of domestic animals as seen through these faunal assemblages. There are a number of possible faunal indications of processes associated with modernity in the existing historic assemblages of Iceland though at least some of these have deep roots in the medieval period. Examining the idea of modernity through the faunal assemblages of historic-period Iceland both help refine the idea of modernity as well as reveal the medieval roots of much of what we term ??modern??.     

自我的觉醒:彼特拉克与现代性

自布克哈特在《意大利文艺复兴时期的文化》中首次提出彼特拉克是"第一个现代人"后,引发学术界关于彼特拉克是"现代人"抑或中世纪人的激烈争论。身处中世纪与文艺复兴新旧交替以及"现代人"与旧有传统矛盾的历史时期,作为文艺复兴之父的彼特拉克首当其冲地经历了这场巨变。在经历青年、中年和老年的三场觉醒后,彼特拉克意识到自己需要摆脱过去与未来之纠缠,在新旧的断裂带中寻找突破时间限制的夹缝,让自己的作品在时间的洪流中保持永恒的鲜活。     

Historical Epistemology: On the Diversity and Change of Epistemic Values in Science

Historical Epistemology: On the Diversity and Change of Epistemic Values in Science. Historical epistemology involves the claim that the system of scientific knowledge is not determined by the observations but is also subject to epistemic requirements that may change in the historical process of doing research. As a result, the system of knowledge is path‐dependent in that its shape is contingent on epistemic choices made at certain historical points. I attempt to elaborate this approach by drawing attention to the double role of epistemic values. First, such values create relations of significance and thereby contribute to directing research into certain avenues. Second, they are also important in the process of confirmation in that they entail that certain forms of agreement with the facts are superior and preferable to other such forms. Some epistemic orientations and reorientations can be reconstructed as arising from an interaction with nature, but others are based on commitments to the kind of knowledge we appreciate. The epistemic authority of science is created in large measure by rules of the scientific community that express how to deal with knowledge claims.     

新中国史学的初建:郭沫若与中国马克思主义史学主导地位的确立

郭沫若对新中国成立后中国马克思主义史学主导地位的确立及走向与发展具有重要影响。他在1949年后任中国新史学研究会筹备会和中国史学会主席,提出史学发展六个方面的转向,规划了中国史学的发展前景。他创办并主持的《历史研究》杂志提倡历史研究应史料与理论并重。郭沫若礼待陈寅恪,邀请其出任《历史研究》杂志编委和中国科学院社会科学学部委员。郭沫若重启中国古史分期问题的讨论,引发了研究一系列重要历史理论问题的热潮。在郭沫若和其他马克思主义史学家的努力下,新中国史学初步形成了发展规模。     

张謇与近代化大农业的产生

20世纪初,以江苏著名的民族资本企业家张謇为代表的中国现代化事业的先行者们,引进西方资本主义经营模式,在江苏苏北沿海地区进行资本主义大农业经营,创造性地建立了公司加佃户(农户)的经营方式,并将这种方式纳入了近代大工业主导的资本主义市场经济体系,形成了具有现代意义的农工商一体化格局,在近代中国第一次成功地将传统小农推向了现代大市场。     

大地湾地画和史前社会的男性同性爱型岩画

文章通过人类学、民俗学、考古学的多重视角对甘肃秦安大地湾遗址仰韶文化晚期地画进行了剖析;撩开大地湾地画的面纱,其与世界各地史前时代广泛存在的男性同性爱型岩画颇多相似之处。     

中国现代性视野中的文化哲学——论中国20世纪30—40年代对斯宾格勒的接受与转换

德国化哲学家斯宾格勒(Oswald Spengler,1880—1936)构思了一套具有悲观色彩的化哲学。在20世纪20年代初期,斯氏的学说就被留学德国的中国青年学生介绍到中国。对当时中国颇为热闹的“东西方化论战”提供了一种理论上的参照①。30—40年代,整个世界的状况和中国特有的民族国家危机,     

Technology, Modernity and the Restructuring of the Present in Historical Geographies

The following essay attempts to illuminate the production of presences in the course of European modernity. It argues that the disintegration of a stable and local presence is one of the defining, albeit largely ignored, characteristics of modernity. The consequences of what could rightly be called an exploded presence are then examined with the help of particularly illustrative innovations which originated within European modernity: paper money, iron and glass architecture and photography. In conclusion, the essays attempts an outline for a new geography of technology.