Issue Definition in State Economic Development Policy

This paper examines whether an "issue definition" perspective developed by Baumgartner and Jones (1993) can account for the dynamics of state economic development policy. The analysis centers on a case study of Louisiana, and shows that efforts to redefine tax exemptions as a threat to the environment were only partially successful in leading to policy change. I speculate on the reasons for this failure, concluding with the fact that special conditions made it harder to redefine the economic development issue there. I argue further that the dynamics of issue redefinition differ by issue type and according to the level of government responsible for a particular policy.     

Nontraditional Public Enterprise as Local Economic Development Policy

Recently, many local governments have explored or implemented economic development policies involving “local public enterprise,” i.e., local-level public ownership of economic enterprises and other profitmaking productive assets. This policy activity tends to involve enterprises and productive assets not traditionally owned by the local public sector, such as hotels, retail establishments, manufacturing facilities, and sports teams. This emerging but still experimental policy phenomenon is explored systematically below.     

Governance,Policy Innovation,and Local Economic Development in North Carolina

This article examines the extent to which local governments in North Carolina embrace innovation in their economic development activities. The study makes a distinctive theoretical contribution by examining the relationship between innovation in how economic development policies are administered and implemented (using concepts associated with governance and NPM), and innovation in what is substantively done (policy innovation). An analysis of the results from a statewide survey of local governments in North Carolina finds that certain governance/management variables are significant determinants of economic development policy innovation. An implication of this finding is that new ways of doing economic development may go hand‐in‐hand with new ways of governing and managing. Many of the governance/management variables are also positively associated with the use of a greater number of traditional economic development strategies and tools. This suggests that local governments may find it helpful to be innovative in how they implement economic development irrespective of the substantive policy orientation of particular strategies and tools.     

东南亚金融危机后的缅甸经济政策与华商

1997年东南亚金融危机后,缅甸政府为阻止经济恶化,采取了推进农业改革、加速国有企业私营化步伐、拓宽融资渠道和加强边贸发展等措施,为缅甸华商的发展创造了一定的机会,华人经济得到进一步发展。而缅甸动荡的政治局势、缅甸经济改革中存在的弊端和问题及中国新移民在缅甸的涌现,是缅甸华商未来发展必须应对的问题。     

Economic Policy in Post-Soviet St. Petersburg

The paper assesses the efforts of regional government officials in St. Petersburg, a city heavily dependent on the defense sector, to transform its economic base after the fall of communism. It describes how the strategy initially favored in the early 1990s (the development of St. Petersburg as an international business center based largely on foreign investment) fell well short of expectations. The author then examines the results thus far from an alternative strategy, following the election of a new mayor in 1996, that focuses on the revival of the city's industry and the promotion of trade. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F21, H71, L52, O20. 59 references.     

清代广东体制再研究

起始于乾隆二十二年的广东体制是清朝在广州地区的一项针对外国人的体制,海内外学界一般视其为一项闭关的限制贸易体制,但笔者通过对广东体制的再研究,认为广东体制应是一项旨在有效管理外国人的对外政策,其目的在于整肃边境口岸广州的秩序、进而维护中国东南沿海的秩序,而它产生于乾隆二十二年前后的国内背景是清朝正发动着旨在解决西北边患问题的准噶尔战事,由此表明以藩封体制为依据而设定的对外政策往往与解决国内重大问题的国内政策存在着互动性。     

抗战时期陕甘宁边区的经济政策与经济立法

抗日战争时期,为了推动陕甘宁边区的经济建设,边区政府颁布了农业、工业、商业、金融、财政、税收、交通等一系列经济法规,形成了比较完整,系统的经济法规体系。这些经济法规有着很强的时代特征,它是中国共产党和边区政府在抗战时期领导经济、组织经济、管理经济的重要工具,因此,它充分体现了中国共产党在抗战时期的经济政策和经济主张。抗战时期边区经济法规的颁布和实施有着重要的历史地位,它保证了中国共产党各项经济政策的实施;规范了社会经济秩序,推动了边区经济发展;保护了各种经济成分的合法权益;并为新中国经济立法积累了丰富的经验。     

Economic Development in 2002

Thirty-four out of the 117 aid-Tibet projects, undertaken according to the decision of the 4th National Conference on Work in Tibet held by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, have been completed; they consumed an investment of 7.886 billion Yuan. This helps with local economic development.Agriculture and Animal HusbandryThanks to efforts made to optimize the production structure, both farmers and herders increase their income mainly through export of labor. Their net income in 2002 increased 9 percent     

Social Policy Perspectives on Economic Inequality in Wealthy Countries

This essay reviews the policy‐oriented literature on economic inequality in wealthy countries published from 2008 to 2018. We focus on this decade because it is a period bookended by both the beginnings of the Great Recession of 2008–2009 as well as the recovery. During this timeframe, attention to inequality by social policy scholars grew substantially, which we argue reflects an interest in both inequality trends as well as redistributive social policy. We observe in the literature sustained efforts to understand both the relationship between social policy and economic inequality, as well as determinants of changes to redistributive social policy. We also note substantial variation in research traditions, as well as opportunities to address substantive, methodological, and theoretical gaps. Our review summarizes the approaches and findings from the literature and discusses the implications of the findings for the study of economic inequality within the academic field of public policy.     

转型时期普鲁士官僚的经济改革思想和国家企业促进政策

作为欧洲相对落后的国家,普鲁士在19世纪初的工业化进程中实行了国家企业促进政策。但区别于早期由国家大包大揽的重商主义政策,这个时期的国家经济政策在吸收自由经济思想的基础上,结合了本国化传统的一些特点和经济发展的实际状况。其核心内容是通过各种教育手段,转变企业主观念,焕发人们从事工业活动的巨大热情,营造企业化的氛围。普鲁士后来工业化的成功正是这一政策推行的结果。     

Federal Influence and Urban Policy Entrepreneurship in the Local Prosecution of Economic Crime

In the early 1970's a score of local prosecutors around the United States instituted programs to address the problem of white collar crime and consumer fraud. This article analyzes this process of innovation as a form of policy entrepreneurship. The article concludes with consideration of key questions addressing the sources, character, and consequences of local policy entrepreneurship and the character of federal influence.     

论新桂系的经济建设方针及管理机构

新桂系在1931年重掌桂政后,提出“建设广西,复兴中国”的口号,致力于广西的经济建设。他们根据“三自政策”确定广西的经济建设目标,并在生产恢复、社会安定的条件下,着手全面规划广西的建设,制定经济建设的政策和方针,设立和完善经济管理部门的机构和职能,全面推进广西的经济建设。新桂系的这些措施是富有成效的,对推动当时广西的经济建设起到了很好的促进作用。     

收回粤海关运动新论

为了同北洋军阀的倒行逆施作斗争,孙中山在广州发起“护法”运动。其领导的南方革命政权自1918年至1924年,先后发动了争拨关余的斗争并将其推向高潮,掀起了轰轰烈烈的收回粤海关运动,从先期的为解决经费艰窘、军饷匮乏的军事目的逐步过渡到收回国家主权的政治主张,取得了阶段性的成果。     

实现互助经济跨越式发展

互助县是全国唯一的土族自治县。建县以来,特别是改革开放以来,在党的民族政策的光辉照耀下,经历届县委、政府的不懈努力,县域经济实力不断增强,各项事业欣欣向荣,人民生活水平显著提高,城乡面貌发生巨大变化。但横向比,经济社会依然落后,困难和问题较多。仅就“三农”问题来讲就有如下困难和问题:农业结构调整刚刚起步,处在低水平、低层次阶段,加之受地理、气候等因素的影响,结构调整的回旋余地不大。设施农业发展滞后,防灾抗灾的能力弱,农业仍未摆脱靠天吃饭的局面。产业化程度低,农产品优势不明显,附加值不高,农业整体效益较差。农村贫困…     

20世纪80年代中国经济的发展历程和陈云的经济指导思想

长期以来,在我国的社会主义经济建设中一直存在着盲目追求高速度的问题。20世纪80年代的发展也是这样,经历了调整、高涨、再调整的过程。陈云在这十年中一直强调建设社会主义强国首先要把“实事”搞清楚,从长期看国民经济能做到按比例发展就是最快的速度,该调整的时候就要退够,等等。实践证明他对国民经济的发展所提出的这些基本原则是完全正确的,至今仍具有重要的指导意义。     

乾嘉道时期的广州贸易与行商商欠问题再考

本文旨在重新解释广州涉外贸易。关于这项贸易,中国政府的目的在于在保障边境安全的同时,杜绝关税不能按期完纳的情况发生;中国行商为保证自己的商业利益,努力化解可能导致他们破产的各种危机;从这项贸易里获得巨大收益的外国商人,尤其英国人,则尽可能消除一切增加他们贸易成本的规章制度,笔者称之为"行商制度"。另外,本文还指出,商欠其实分恶性和良性两种,恶性商欠的爆发往往导致地方甚至中央政府的直接干涉,口岸管理政策会越加严密,但良性商欠作为一种中外商人间的融资行为普遍存在于广州贸易。