清朝至民国时期徽州钱会利率及运作机制考述——基于89份徽州钱会文书的考察

钱会作为传统融资与互助的民间组织形式广泛存在于近代社会,具有自发性、互助性和风险性。清代至民国时期,徽州民间钱会具有较为成熟的运行机制,合会活动颇为兴盛。传统徽州钱会形式多样,以轮会和摇会最为多见。钱会的广泛存在适应了基层民众借贷融资等多元经济需求。参会者以借贷融资、互助合作为原则,依据会规维系彼此的利益关系。在钱会的实际运作中,因缺乏强有力的保障与约束机制,往往存在拖欠会款、会股流转以及中途倒会的现象。     

知识人的社会呈现及其意义——关于江南民间社会中南社的考察

以近代思想观念的生产和扩散为职志的南社,与民间社会的近代变迁存在着怎样的关联? 需要我们重新思考。从历史—社会学的视角考察,南社世界以两种方式加以呈现:内向呈现,指向南社自身,局限于团体私域,着力展现的是南社人的生活世界;外向呈现,指向南社圈外的民间社会,由此伸延至作为社团存在环境的公共领域,着力展现的是他们的观念世界。南社世界不同的呈现方式对于民间社会的近代变迁有着完全不同的意义。     

知识人的社会是呈现及其意义--关于江南民间社会中南社的考察

以近代思想观念的生产和扩散为职志的南社,与民间社会的近代变迁存在着怎样的关联?需要我们重新思考.从历史-社会学的视角考察,南社世界以两种方式加以呈现内向呈现,指向南社自身,局限于团体私域,着力展现的是南社人的生活世界;外向呈现,指向南社圈外的民间社会,由此伸延至作为社团存在环境的公共领域,着力展现的是他们的观念世界.南社世界不同的呈现方式对于民间社会的近代变迁有着完全不同的意义.     

《明清以来徽州信仰与民众日常生活研究》评介

正如众所知,传统民间信仰和祭祀习俗攸关普通民众的日常生活和观念世界,并作为社会文化史研究之一重要现象日益引起中外学界的关注。明清时期,徽州传统民间信仰具有多元性。近年来,随着徽州地方文献和民间文书新资料的不断发掘和整理,有关徽州普通民众日常生活与信仰习俗的研究逐渐成为可能,亦日趋受到相关学者的     

徽州古道:徽州文化形成、扩散的通道

徽州古道是古徽州地域及其周边地区近代以前、采用传统技术修建的道路,这些道路遗迹反映了当时的人们迁徙路线和相互交往状态。徽州吉道是徽州移民、徽州人对外开拓和徽州文化形成与扩散的道路,特别是徽商经商路线的见证,可以说徽州古道的形成历程是徽州社会发展的缩影,具有移民文化与商道文化的双重特征。     

基于资本与场域理论的徽州地名变迁的社会响应与内在机理研究

立足社会大转型语境,收集有关徽州建制与地名变更争议的网络素材,借鉴批判范式、结合场域与社会记忆理论、采用语义网络分析对徽州地名变迁的社会响应与内在机理进行阐释。发现：社会响应存在明显的社群差异。婺源第一次改隶时民间强烈反抗并起到效果,第二次改隶后为多数民众所认可。媒体人群体、专家学者、普通民众与地方政府对徽州更名与复名的看法不尽相同,语义网络结构差异显著,关注重点亦有所不同。政治权力、经济资本与社会记忆分别推动徽州地名场域的边界重构、式微让步及其与黄山地名场域的交融共存是徽州地名变迁的内在机理。     

同学会:近代旅外徽州青年学子的群体组织及其运作

同学会是近代旅外徽州青年学子以学缘关系为纽带结成的群体组织,具有多重面向,并形成了以上海为中心的空间分布格局,黟山青年励志社、徽社等还突破地域限制,在外地设立分部。作为近代旅外徽州人同乡组织的一种,旅外徽州同学会既遵循同乡组织运行的一般逻辑,也具有自身独特的路径,建立起严格的自律机制,在章程规定的宗旨和业务范围内开展活动。近代旅外徽州同学会对内强调联络感情,组织多种形式的聚会,邀请名人发表演讲,组织升学指导委员会等,以增强同学会的凝聚力与向心力;对外以服务桑梓为核心,创办同学会刊物,撰文探讨徽州社会的各类问题,并积极付诸实施,力图推动家乡社会的点滴改变。     

徽州文书遗存的原因

徽州文书是20世纪50年代以后大规模发现的一种民间社会档案,徽州境内的宗族意识和观念、契约意识和理念、收藏爱好和习惯、良好的保存条件和环境、稳定的社会和极少战乱的历史是其遗存的原因.     

明代徽州汪公入黔考——兼论贵州屯堡移民社会的建构

在贵州安顺屯堡地区,人们大多以明初屯军后裔自居,始于徽州、随后移入贵州的正月十八抬汪公的古风犹存,对汪公的信仰远远超过了祖先崇拜的范畴,汪公成为屯堡的保护神。本文在对屯堡进行社会调查的基础上,从家族入手,追寻徽州汪氏家族一支与汪公入黔的关系,探讨作为社会文化现象的抬汪公仪式在屯堡移植和保存的意蕴,并以此作为探究文化与国家、社会之间互动关系的一个视角,说明明初大规模军事移民的国家行为,伴随着文化移植和文化认同的过程,国家观念通过文化传播深入民间社会,同时民间信仰起了社会整合作用。文化在国家和社会二者之间架起了沟通之桥,不仅参与了移民社会的建构,而且产生了一种令人震撼的力量,延续至今。     

晚清徽州民间社会生活管窥——《新旧碎锦杂录》抄本两种整理札记

在徽州民间的日用类书中,人们根据需要,将随时所见的应酬文字抄录下来,汇录成册,这些杂抄往往就被称作"碎锦"或"杂锦".本文以<新旧碎锦杂录>抄本两种为中心,通过整理、分析,对抄本所见晚清徽州民间的社会生活作了初步的勾勒.     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.