4Cs营销理论在开拓农村市场中的应用

启动农村消费是针对变化的内外环境,在考虑农村市场潜力的条件下,为保持消费可持续发展所做出的必然选择。本文在分析农村居民消费特征的基础上,从消费主体、成本、便利、沟通等方面着手,以满足农村居民合理需求为营销理念,最终实现增加有效需求,开拓农村市场的目标。     

媒介融合背景下艺术品交易模式的发展

随着科学技术的不断发展,媒介融合已经成为一股势不可挡的趋势影响着艺术品市场的交易。在全国经济稳定的大局下,市场拓展的需求、新的媒介的介入使得艺术品的交易模式发生了变化,新的交易模式的出现对艺术品市场的拓展起到了至关重要的作用,影响着艺术品市场今后的发展。本文主要将目前中国艺术品交易市场上的各种交易模式进行梳理、整合,分析媒介融合大趋势下新的交易模式的优劣势以及中国艺术品交易模式今后的发展趋势。     

关于加强发电企业精神文明建设的几点思考

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立和不断推进发展,企业在市场经济体制下所扮演的角色也发生了较大的变化。发电企业作为为社会提供电能的重要组织,必须适应现代化的市场经济体制的发展和变化,逐步建立和完善现代化的企业制度,加强企业精神文明建设,使企业在市场竞争激烈的环境下建立良好的企业形象,增强企业市场竞争力,促进发电企业健康、可持续发展。本文通过对发电企业做好精神文明建设的重要性和必要性进行系统的分析,提出加强发电企业精神文明建设的几点认识和策略,从而增强企业市场竞争力,促进企业在市场竞争激烈的艰难环境下取得又好又快发展。     

文旅融合背景下高职旅游人才培养模式创新研究

文旅融合是当下旅游市场衍生的一种全新旅游发展理念,即文旅融合的思想观,其所具有的战略统筹导向作用十分明显,能够推动旅游市场深入发展,以文旅融合为助力,让整个市场环境呈现全新发展面貌,彰显新时代旅游行业风采。为顺应文旅融合的市场环境变化,满足人才储备方面的实际需求,高职院校需革新育人目标,顺应市场规律,深入分析文旅融合的发展趋势,探索科学的人才培养方案。本文主要分析在文旅融合背景下,高职院校在人才培养方面存在的问题,并积极探索科学的育人措施。     

在教育教学中解放思想创新思维

职业教育是为市场经济条件下培养社会应用型人才为主的教育,这就要求教师在教育教学工作中时刻把握市场变化,时刻改变教育教学思路,做到“解放思想,创新思维”。本文试论现代信息技术条件下中等职业学校教师如何更好的做到“解放思想、创新思维”,以适应新形势下的教学工作。     

人才中介市场的经济学分析及发展对策研究

人才中介市场与一般产品的中介市场不同,它是围绕不断变化的人才信息等劳动要素的供需展开的。市场经济条件下市场主体各方的需要产生了人才中介。本文从我国人才中介市场的发展现状入手,利用经济学方法分析当前人才中介市场存在的问题,针对人才中介市场的特殊性和当前人才中介市场不景气状况提出了相应的对策和建议。     

信息不对称与近代华茶国际贸易的衰落——基于汉口港的个案考察

近代华茶国际贸易的速荣与速衰是引人注目的历史现象,在中国社会经济亟待转型的历史语境下,探析其背后深层次原因成为学者关注的重点,这些观点可以归纳为四类,但极少从市场交易基本机制方面进行探讨。实际上,我们可从信息不对称角度对该现象进行分析,将具有典型代表性的汉口茶叶外贸市场作为案例分析对象。汉口茶叶外贸市场广泛存在着各种类型的信息不对称,促使各主体采用各种交易制度和措施以规避风险,这降低了信息不对称带来的损失,却给汉口茶叶外贸市场形势的恶化带来隐患。汉口茶叶外贸市场各交易主体为应对信息不对称冲击下的变化,各自调整发展策略,英商快速转移市场经营重心,洋商联合操纵茶市转嫁风险,华商集体动员尽力维持交易秩序,俄商最终实现垄断。茶叶外贸市场走向市场失灵和萎缩,而政府的规制收效甚微、难见起色。     

西安国外旅游客源市场现状分析与拓展

稳定并扩大客源市场是西安旅游业发展的前提。根据国家旅游统计局与抽样调查资料,利用数理统计分析方法,对90年代西安国外客源市场的数量变化和主要客源市场现状进行分析,说明西安旅游业面临的机遇和挑战,得出以改善环境、丰富产品、树立品牌、扩大销售渠道等手段进一步开拓市场的策略。     

节事旅游营销策略研究——以“哈尔滨国际冰雪节”为例

本文正是基于中国节事旅游快速发展的背景下,选取中国十大节事品牌活动之一的"哈尔滨国际冰雪节"作为研究对象,以市场营销学理论为基础,对其进行SWOT分析;在分析的基础上,对节事进行了市场细分、市场选择与市场定位,并且有针对性的提出传统的"4P"(产品、价格、渠道、促销)营销策略组合;再结合近年来新兴的市场营销方式,提出哈尔滨国际冰雪节的营销新策略。     

从文徵明的经历看明中期吴中士商关系之渐变

明代中期尤其是正德以后,中国社会,尤其是经济文化发达的江南地区社会开始发生显著的变化,而作为社会的精英阶层,这种变化鲜明地体现于士人身上。吴中地区城市工商经济的发达,导致部分士人对生活方式作出了全新的选择,并由此带动了当地士风的变化。文徵明作为出身官僚家庭的传统文人,一向以保守、审慎著称,但在大环境的影响下,他也以各种方式参与当时的文化市场,并对商人、商业活动有着不同于以往士大夫阶层的全面评价,从中我们可以看到吴中社会风尚的深层变革。     

A Partitioning Model of Urban Retail Structure

A model based on renewal theory generates the number of retail establishments in a place as the outcome of a competitive partitioning process. The available market, measured for example by population or by existing retail sales, is shared among businesses until no market potential market remains. Competing businesses obtain different shares of the market, and the number of establishments is predicted as a discrete random variable. Several alternative formulations are presented of varying generality. One version is successfully tested, using GLIM, on ten business types (SIC two-digit classes) in 232 cities of New York State for 1977 and 1987. The model correctly predicts the form and the variance structure of the relationship between number of establishments and place size. It is shown how the model may be combined with models of city-size distributions to predict aggregate frequency distributions of retail establishments across urban systems.     

零售商业空间组织的市场分析

本文从市场地理学的角度上,对零售空间组织的决策过程--市场分析过程进行了研究。指出该过程应包括区域社会经济分析,即提供发展背景;贸易区分析,即确定区位发展可行性;消费者研究,即确定组织经营形式。     

互联网技术应用对零售业空间组织影响研究进展

互联网技术应用对零售业空间组织的影响已成为当今学术界研究热点。本文利用文献资料法和对比分析法,梳理了国内外互联网技术应用对零售业空间组织结构、零售企业区位选择与布局、市场空间等方面的影响研究,并提出了未来人文地理学须进一步强化的研究内容。结果表明：20世纪90年代中期以来,互联网技术应用对零售业空间组织影响的研究成果日益丰富,且涉及到经济地理学和商业学等学科,研究方法主要以定性为主,且定量研究日益增多,但对互联网技术应用对传统零售业区位选择和销售腹地的影响、中小网络零售企业空间组织、运输距离对网络零售企业销售空间影响以及出口跨境网络零售企业销售空间格局等方面研究还需完善,未来研究应注重吸收其他学科理论和方法,强化实证研究结论的科学性。     

浅析上海市大卖场的空间区位选择

以大型超市、仓储式商场组成的大卖场是上海近几年来迅速发展的一种新型业态。在经济全球化背景下,国外的各类商业零售业将大举进入,对中国的零售业市场带来了一定的冲击和新的机遇。本文以上海大卖场为着手点,在分析了大卖场布局的区位因子的基础上,研究了上海大卖场空间布局特征从而提出了合理布局大卖场的建议。     

FROM RESOURCE TO MARKET: POSTWAR SPATIAL CHANGES IN A SWEDISH FOREST COMPANY

Despite the wealth of empirical and theoretical literature on transnational corporations, little has been written about the spatial consequences of changes in the ownership of forest-based industries. These types of tnc embrace a broad range of activities, formerly based solely upon forest raw material, comprising sawmilling and pulp and paper manufacturing. In Sweden, these industries were mostly located near raw material supplies and concentrated on export production for the European market. During recent decades forest companies such as sca (Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget) have invested in or acquired production and sales units in most of the traditional market countries. This has involved a substantial increase in the numbers of foreign employees, new commodities and raw materials, and a shift in the centre of gravity of production and employment. The aim of this article is to investigate and model the locational changes in sca 's ownership (of production, sales, and administrative units) and in its organizational structure within and outside Sweden, from the 1950s to the present.     

THE REGIONAL MALL IN CANADA

Over the last three decades, regional shopping malls have become significant features of the Canadian urban landscape. They account for the largest concentrations of employment, retail sales, and trip destinations outside the central business district, and they reshape patterns of accessibility within communities. This article examines the number, economic role, location, and implication of these facilities, in Canada, and contrasts them with similar malls in the United States. By 7 986, there were 84 regional malls with more than 500 000 sq. ft. of space in Canada, and these malls accounted for 10 per cent of all retail sales.     

Evolving retail landscapes: power retail in Canada

During the last fifteen years the Canadian retail landscape has been transformed by the growth and clustering of big box retailers into a range of 'power retail' developments. This has brought new retailers into Canada (predominantly U.S. retailers) with different business strategies that have lead to different consumer behaviour. The power retail phenomenon encompasses all aspects of the retail offer (price, product, service, etc.) and is not simply about the size of stores. These developments have led to new types of commercial clusters—power centres and power nodes—that have challenged both planning policy and the existing retail hierarchy across Canada, and conversely, provided substantial scope for retailers and developers to exploit market opportunities. The article discusses the alternate definitions of power retail, estimates the magnitude of this activity, and examines the spatial pattern and preferences of these new retail locations. The development of power retail is tracked across Canada and regional variations examined. The key trends in power retail growth are identified and potential directions for future development suggested.     

The Transformation of Retail Markets in Lisbon: An Analysis through the Lens of Retail Gentrification

The relationship between cities and retail is strong and historical. This article focuses on the analysis of traditional retail markets, a retail concept that has lost its relevance in previous decades. However, more recently there has been a reversal of this trend following increased interest in the rehabilitation of these markets. This reinvestment follows the divestment stage and is characterised by the active role that private interests play in the management and operation of these retail precincts. This evolutionary process challenges the capacity of traditional retailers to continue their operations in these markets and the ability of disadvantaged customers to continue shopping there. Furthermore, this development may be indicative of retail gentrification. In this article, the ongoing process of market rehabilitation in Lisbon is analysed to determine whether evidence of retail gentrification has occurred. The use of case studies forms a significant part of the methodology. In addition, eleven retailers were interviewed in three traditional retail markets in Lisbon. The article concludes that direct displacement did not occur in the markets studies. However, because of the divestment in these retail precincts, indirect displacement did affect several retailers.     

The Second Interagency Conference on Population Geography

A theory that areal variations in economic development in the USSR (analyzed at the oblast level for most republics) depend on regional economic structure, economic policy, cultural factors, and the center-periphery dichotomy is tested via simple regression analysis, using retail sales per capita as the indicator of economic level. The independent variables are: share of urban population (for economic structure), investments (for economic policy), percentage of Moslem population (for the cultural factor), and distance from Moscow (for the periphery effect). All of these variables except distance were significant in explaining the real variation in retail sales per capita.     

MILL PRICING AND SPATIAL PRICE DISCRIMINATION MONOPOLY PERFORMANCE AND LOCATION WITH SPATIAL RETAIL MARKETS*

ABSTRACT. Most of the monopoly spatial price discrimination literature explicitly assumes uniform population density over space. It also implicitly assumes that firms (plants) are spatially isolated from each other with production and retail points that coincide in location. While departures from these assumptions have been explored separately in the literature, it remains to examine performance and location when these assumptions are relaxed simultaneously. What emerges in this paper is a model where density functions approximate a pair of cities isolated from other cities. Each city has its own retail market, while the location of a single production or wholesale point is determined by characteristics of the two markets. Comparisons of mill pricing and spatial price discrimination found in the spatial monopoly literature can be interpreted as special cases of the more general framework provided here.