长城保护工程勘察设计工作回顾性分析

本文通过对2000年以来长城保护方案及有关批复意见的系统梳理,重点从勘测、勘察、设计定位与保护原则、工程技术手段及设计文本与图纸等方面对目前勘察设计中存在的共性问题进行了系统分析;同时,根据不同结构类型的长城,还对现存主要病害和技术措施进行了抽样分析.在此基础上,本文从保护规划体系、立项审核、保护维修工作原则、勘察设计要求及项目实施与管理等方面提出了建议.     

金陵大报恩寺地宫遗址保护技术研究

为了对金陵大报恩寺地宫遗址进行科学保护,首先通过ANSYS有限元模拟对地宫遗址的现状结构性能进行分析,找出其在不同工况下存在的安全隐患;然后根据保护原则及计算分析结果提出仅增设护壁、增设护壁及锚杆的两种保护技术方案,采用ANSYS有限元模拟计算对两种保护技术方案在四种工况下的结构性能进行比较分析,最后提出了适用于地宫遗址的保护方案,建议采用增设不锈钢的护壁及水平、竖向锚杆,并给出了不锈钢护壁及锚杆相应的参数值。     

馆藏彩陶的保护及修复

文章对馆藏的彩陶文物进行分析调查,提出馆藏彩陶的保护修复步骤,并提出相应的馆藏彩陶的保护的方案,以期为从事博物馆工作的有关人员提供馆藏彩陶的保护与修复方面的借鉴.     

馆藏唐代“红地团窠对鸟纹锦”的保护修复

甘肃省博物馆藏唐代"红地团窠对鸟纹锦",存在残缺、污染、糟朽等严重病害,急需进行保护修复。本工作在采用测色仪、便携式荧光光谱仪、数码相机、掌上便携式显微镜scalar等专业仪器对该纺织品文物进行无损分析检测。依据检测结果和纺织品保存现状制定了科学的保护修复方案,继而采用支撑法,选用风格相近的背衬面料进行缝合加固,并对修复难点等问题进行研究分析。修复后的织锦纹理清晰,丝线稳固,色泽协调,整体牢固度提高,达到了理想的保护修复效果。此成果对今后同类文物的保护修复具有借鉴意义。     

浅谈电子档案与纸质档案保护方面的比较

电子档案的日益普及,对传统纸质档案造成很大的冲击,并与其在保护技术上存在着很大的差别。本文从档案保护的思想、时期、技术等方面对电子档案和纸质档案进行比较,探讨信息化时代档案的保护工作。     

锁阳城遗址保护管理方案与开发利用措施探讨

历史文化遗产作为凝结地方历史文脉、人类社会文明的重要组成形态,其保护管理与开发利用在深化产业建设、推动经济发展、助力文化繁荣等方面具有现实作用。文章以锁阳城遗址为例,针对该遗址在保护与开发层面存在的问题进行大体分析,基于大遗址保护理念进行保护技术要点与管理方案措施的梳理,并围绕完善制度政策支持、建立品牌经营策略、深化产业融合协作、落实常态发展机制四个方面,探讨关于历史文化遗产开发利用的具体对策,以期为新时期文化遗产管理及产业开发工作提供参考。     

临安水丘氏墓出土越窑青瓷的病害评估与成因分析探讨

为制定临安水丘氏墓出土的三件唐代越窑青瓷相应的保护修复方案提供必要的依据,对其病害状态进行分类,结合对同期、同类青瓷标本进行微观形貌观察、瓷釉XRF分析、瓷器表面附着物的XRF及离子色谱分析等,以期对这三件越窑青瓷文物的病害与形成原因进行分析.结果表明,此批出土越窑青瓷在烧造过程中存在一定的缺陷.很多生烧的器物,其胎和釉比一般瓷器较为疏松,更易受考古出土环境中可溶盐的侵蚀.存在的裂隙甚至会随着环境的改变而加剧.在此基础上,定义并且绘制病害图例,对其病害类型进行区分,以利于制定科学有效的保护修复措施,使文物保护修复工作更具科学性、有针对性和可操作性.     

交河故城西北佛寺复原研究

1992—1996年,新疆吐鲁番交河故城的保护维修工程,是中国政府首次采取中外合资的方式对古代大型遗址进行维修保护。这个国际合作文物保护项目的一个重要内容,就是重新选址复原重建交河故城的西北佛寺。其复原设计方案是笔者先后详细考察吐鲁番地区的主要遗址,尤其是城址和佛教建筑,并向参与交河古城保护维修工作的中外专家多次请教之后拿出的,提交了A、B两种方案。国家文物局和联合国教科文组织同意采用方案B进行复原重建。这次文物保护实践对类似的工作具有一定的借鉴作用。     

文物建筑的价值评估与有效保护

论述与中国文物建筑有效保护、合理利用密切相关的三个问题:认真进行文物价值的评估,理解价值中的物质与非物质要素的关系,注意抓住评估对象的特色,是指导文物建筑保护和使用的关键环节;文物建筑保护维修工程是保存文物古迹的必要手段,为贯彻不改变文物原状的原则需要对方案和技术进行权衡;传统营造技艺只能通过具有一定规模和复杂程度的工程实践来传承。     

湖北省博物馆竹木漆器保护工作概览

饱水竹木漆器类文物的脱水保护一直是国内外学者研究的重点领域。原湖北省博物馆馆长陈中行先生1988年研发的乙二醛复合液法适用于各类饱水木漆器的脱水保护,为解决出土饱水木漆器脱水保护这一国际性难题提供了有效方案。本文对湖北省博物馆在竹、木漆器类文物的现场保护、脱水与修复、制作工艺及复原等方面的科学研究成果和工作情况进行概述。     

论“不改变原状原则”的本质意义——兼论文物保护科学的文理交叉性

物保护是一门新兴的理交叉并重的综合性学科,其内容是多方面的,对物进行保护时的方法也不是唯一的,可以有多种选择,这就需要对物保护原则有深入的理解。本从考古学、博物馆学的本质出发,论述了不改变原状原则的本质意义,也只有从本质上认识和理解不改变原状原则,才能在具体的物保护实践中自觉、灵活地运用。     

The Conservationist Mode of Production and Conservation NGOs in sub‐Saharan Africa

Abstract: The work of conservation non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) is vital to the conservation movement and has attracted a good deal of comment and observation. Here we combine recent writings about the interactions of conservation and capitalism, and particularly the idea of “the conservationist mode” of production to explore the roles of conservation NGOs with respect to capitalism. We use an analysis of the conservation NGO sector in sub‐Saharan Africa to examine the ways in which conservation NGOs are integral to the spread of certain forms of capitalism, and certain forms of conservation, on the continent. We examine their mediating role in mediating and legitimizing knowledge, in effect forging and reproducing desires for particular visions and versions of Africa, and in producing and promoting new commodities which meet these needs, all of which facilitates capitalism's growth. Finally we consider a number of limitations to the activities of NGOs, and on the nature of the research we have undertaken, which may help to place their work in context.     

The Cultural Economy of Soil and Water Conservation: Market Principles and Social Networks in Eastern Burkina Faso

Soil and water conservation interventions in Africa have had a chequered history, calling into question the way in which soil and water conservation technologies have been studied in the past. This article draws on a case study from eastern Burkina Faso to explore an area usually ignored by soil and water conservation studies — the role of social institutions in guiding decisions regarding the use of technologies. It looks at soil and water conservation through the historical development of what the authors call the ‘cultural economy’, that is, a system of exchange in which a market economy has mixed with pre‐existing forms of exchange. The approach adopted by the authors identifies concepts on which the cultural economy is based and uses these ideas to analyse institutions that affect the choice of soil and water conservation technologies. The article shows how this approach leads to a reconceptualization of the ways in which soil and water conservation technologies are to be considered.     

国外纺织品文物保护修复与研究现状

简要介绍了国外纺织品文物保护修复领域在保护修复理念、保护修复技术、科学研究方法以及高等教育和培训四个方面的一些情况,对了解国外纺织品文物保护修复领域的现状,和对我国纺织品文物保护修复研究工作的发展具有一定的启示和借鉴意义。     

Editorial-Heritage Challenges in the New Century

The paper considers the case of Raffles Hotel in Singapore which has been the subject of a conservation project with a significant element of redevelopment. The circumstances are discussed within the context of heritage tourism in colonial cities and changing approaches to conservation in Singapore. Built colonial heritage exhibits a symbolism which affects how it is presented and interpreted, serving as a tool for nation building and as a tourist attraction. Policies about conservation and use are influenced by these alternative and often contested meanings, while economic imperatives may demand that buildings generate revenue. Raffles Hotel illustrates the difficulties involved in managing and marketing colonial heritage and securing an acceptable balance between commercial and conservation objectives, with possibilities for confusion as a consequence of the combination of restoration, reconstruction and new building techniques employed.The case has a wider relevance which extends to other forms of built heritage around the world and highlights the dilemmas facing those making decisions about how to present the conserved past as a contemporary tourist space.     

Environmental Issues and Policies in Costa Rica

Despite its widely publicized efforts in environmental conservation, Costa Rica continues to experience severe deforestation due to entrenched deforestation interests in the country. These interests are created by existing legislation which unintentionally favors deforestation, and by the longstanding nonapplication of positive legislation. Costa Rica's newest strategy involves the mobilization of a broad-bayed conservation constituency through environmental education and the development of a "conservation area" strategy which helps distribute responsibilities and benefits of conservation among populations adjacent to protected areas.     

Politicized moral geographies: Debating biodiversity conservation and ancestral domain in the Philippines

Research in political ecology has paid inadequate attention to the multifaceted cultural politics surrounding discourses of environmental conservation in the developing world. Specifically, it has tended to neglect the rich politicized moral geographies integral to conservation debates. This paper, then, makes the case for thinking about conservation as an envisioning process sensitive to these politicized moral geographies as well as their linkages to political and economic processes. After a brief critique of political ecology, the paper sketches a theoretical approach in which environmental conservation is understood as a process of envisioning social relations, moral discourse and socionatural place. The approach is used to explain two contrasting visions of conservation based on the notions of integrated protected areas management and ancestral domain which are prominent today in the Philippines. The conclusion reiterates the call for a discursive political ecology alive to the politicized moral geographies that condition conservation trajectories.     

我国历史文化村镇保护的内容与方法研究

历史化村镇是我国遗产保护体系的重要组成部分,随着第一批中国历史化名镇(村)的命名公布。遗产保护工作又进入了一个崭新阶段。我国历史化村镇保护研究较国外起步较晚,相关研究也欠深入全面。导致在当前城镇化快速发展过程中,一些颇具价值特色的古村镇没有得到很好保护。本首先回顾了国内外历史小城镇、村落保护的演变发展,然后指出历史化村镇保护在价值特性方面,不同于历史化名城;在保护内容方面,要在以往偏重于物质化遗产保护的基础上。进一步加重非物质化遗产的保护;在保护方法方面,要综合运用历史学、地理学、建筑学、社会学、景观生态学等方法,才能达到较好的保护效果。     

A Methodological Approach Towards Conservation

Abstract

Since conservation became a recognized discipline, professionals involved in conservation projects have tried to find the best criteria for their interventions. Often these criteria remain quite vague, based on the idea that every historic building has its own special conditions, which make its problems different from other buildings. This conviction, which is appropriate at one level, has serious consequences due to the lack of a consistent methodology. More than a lack of criteria, we might talk about a lack of 'habit' in identifying values in the Mediterranean region: the concept of values is much more widespread in Anglo-Saxon countries.

If we take a look at the history of conservation, there are a number of cases which are often used as models: for example, the Colosseum or the Arch of Titus in Rome, both interventions which are greatly admired and included in many conservation manuals. More recently there are projects which are widely accepted by the heritage conservation community as well: the paper explores the Palace of the Partal (Granada), the Villa Romana del Casale (Piazza Armerina), the theatre at Orange, and the Insula Orientalis I in Herculaneum. In this article, I suggest that there are constant elements within these conservation projects, reflecting typological, structural, constructional, functional, aesthetic, formal, historical, and symbolic values. These features represent a way of planning a conservation project and a critical methodology to judge the outcomes of the project in an objective manner. The methodology is qualitative rather than quantitative. All historic buildings have a set of values developed from their origins and throughout their history. These values can be analysed to extract the most important elements to be preserved. Analysing the values of our built heritage will allow us to create better decision-making processes.     

Heritage conservation in Alexandria,Egypt: managing tensions between ownership and legislation

This paper examines the realities facing the heritage conservation system in Egypt, with a special focus on the relationship between heritage conservation legislation and the ownership of listed buildings in Alexandria. The objective of this paper is to identify the reasons for owners’ objections to the heritage conservation law and their motivation to exclude their properties from the heritage list. The ways in which owners have made use of gaps found in the legislation to exclude their buildings from the list were also examined. Furthermore, channels of communication between heritage conservation authorities and landlords, the exclusion of owners in the decision-making process, the legal aspects of heritage legislation and the assessment of their success are explored.