COMMUNITIES ON THE EDGE: AN ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF RESOURCE-DEPENDENT COMMUNITIES IN CANADA

Our impressions of Canadian resource-dependent communities are often still influenced by the classic works of Innis, Robinson, Lucas, Siemens, and others. Although this research has proven to be valuable, it has also established several generalizations regarding these settings, including the perceptions that community labour forces and economic structures are relatively homogenous, that nonresource sectors play an insignificant role in the communities, and that these communities are found primarily in isolated northern regions. These generalizations are now beginning to be questioned, given the rapid economic and social changes taking place in these communities and the recent theoretical and empirical contributions of geographers and other social scientists. This paper summarizes this classic research, then challenges these generalizations by discussing recent applications of the concepts of economic restructuring and labour-market segmentation theory to the context of resource-dependent communities. To further illustrate these characteristics, the paper then presents an empirical analysis of 220 Canadian resource-dependent communities across six resource sectors, focusing specifically on their labour-market characteristics and the relationship between resource dependence and spatial isolation. Nos impressions des communautés mono-industrielles canadiennes spécialisées dans la production des ressources sont souvent encore influencées, entre autres, par les études classiques de Innis, Robinson, Lucas, et Siemens. Bien que cette recherche ait prouvé sa valeur, elle a aussi servi àétablir plusieurs généralisations concernant ces milieux, incluant les notions que la main d'oeuvre et les structures économiques de ces communautés sont relativement homogènes, que les secteurs non-reliés à l'exploration des ressources n'y jouent qu'un rôle peu significatif, et que ces communautés se retrouventsurtout dans les régions isolées du nord. Ces généralisations sont maintenant soumises à une remise en question, compte tenu des changements économiques et sociaux rapides dont ces communautés font l'objet et des récentes contributions théoriques et empiriques de géographes et d'autres chercheurs en sciences sociales. Cet article résume cette recherche classique et conteste ces généralisations en commentant les récentes applications du concept de restructuration économique etde la théorie de la segmentation du marché d'emploi associés au contexte des communautés dépendentes de l'extraction de ressources. Afin d'illustrer ces caractéristiques, l'article présente une analyse empirique portant sur 220 communautés canadiennes et sur six secteurs de ressources, etse concentre plus spécifiquement sur les caractéristiques de leur marché de la main-d'oeuvre et sur les liens existant entre la condition de dépendance à une ressource et l'isolation spatiale.     

一体化条件下的空间经济集聚

空间经济集聚是经济地理学研究重点,并且渐渐被经济学所重视。本文以经济地理学的理论为基础,借鉴主流经济学的有关理论,探讨了区域经济一体化导致的空间经济集聚的机理,即经济集聚与经济扩散同时并存,空间上以经济集聚为主导,以扩散为辅;提出了经济集聚的本质是规模经济、范围经济和外部经济共同作用的过程。规模经济导致经济集聚产业点,再加上范围经济产生集聚产业区,规模经济、范围经济和外部经济共同作用产生经济集聚产业核心区。指出经济扩散的原因是纯粹的集聚不经济、区域分工共同作用的结果。     

加拿大的趣生活

租辆自行车漫游在斯坦利公园 在温哥华市区里的斯坦利公园,如果只是跟站在那里的图腾合张影,就太辜负这1000多英亩的原始森林生态景观了,也无法体会加拿大政府能在寸土寸金的地方保留这个茂密森林的良苦用心了。     

CANADA,QUEBEC AND THEORIES OF INTERNAL WAR

Abstract

The past several years have been marked by renewed signs of significant political unrest and separatist activity in Quebec. In the same period of time a number of scholars in different disciplines have revivified the study of domestic violence or internal war. In spite of this temporal co-occurrence, students of Canadian affairs have done little to place that Quebec independence movement in the context of a theory which would make it understandable as a “type” of behavior rather than as a completely unique activity. This paper discusses some of the requirements of such theories, as they relate to political stability and internal war, categorizes a number of existing works in regard to how they explain the sources of political resistance and revolt and attempts to relate them to the current Quebec-Canada difficulties.     

加拿大人回发展与人回迁移

本文简析加拿大人口发展与人口迁移过程,以及人口迁移对加拿大人口增长、种族、语言构成、人口分布及未来人口增长的影响。     

成渝经济区县域经济差异的空间分析

借助ARCGIS软件中ESDA分析模块和统计功能,并与传统统计方法加权变异系数相结合,以县域为研究单元,以人均GDP和GDP为测度指标,初步探索了1999-2008年成渝经济区县域经济差异的空间格局变化。结果表明,成渝经济区县域经济总体差异呈逐渐扩大趋势,经济发展水平、经济增长能力和经济密度的空间特征三者的空间格局基本吻合,形成以成都市区和重庆市区为核心的圈状空间结构,且这种格局在不断的强化;高速公路发展轴经济带动作用不明显,广大地区经济仍处于落后状态;现发展阶段,核心区的极化作用占主导,区域经济发展极不平衡。     

基于《Economic Geography》的经济地理学知识图谱分析

以《Economic Geography》载文数据与引文数据为数据源,借助Citespace 工具从作者与关键词两方面进行文献计量与知识图谱绘制,挖掘经济地理学研究的知识基础、学术群体与近期研究热点。研究表明：①纳入第一作者发文量、h 指数、g 指数等发文与引文双角度指标的作者学术影响力评价体系的结果更客观全面;②美英等国在经济地理研究中处于整体主导地位;③经济地理领域存在分别以Stopper M、Dicken P、Berry B J L、Casetti E为代表且秉承同一研究脉络的学术群体,且各时段研究议题侧重点不同;④经济地理研究关键词所涉面较宽,如全球化、创新、网络、集群、性别、劳动力、政治、政策等,尺度、组织、灵活性、政治、美国等关键词近年受关注度较多。     

PRECEDENT AND NATIONALISM IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA

This article employs literature on federalism to explore the ways in which national Canadian interest groups develop federative structures in order to conduct advocacy work within Québec. It first identifies institutional reasons for the development of federalist structures for Canadian groups, and it then explores asymmetries between the treatment of Québec chapters of these groups and of chapters elsewhere in Canada. Drawing on interviews with the political directors of groups active at the national level in Canada, this article shows that the degree to which groups grant power to their provincial or Québec subunits varies according to the benefits sought by groups.