Iraq and Hubris: Avoiding History a Review Essay

Book reviewed in this article: Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War: Michael Isiko. and David Corn Blind into Baghdad: America's War in Iraq: James Fallows Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq: Stephen Zinzer The Politics of Truth: Inside the Lies that Led to War and Betrayed My Wife;s CIA Identity: Joseph Wilson The Italian Letter: How the Bush Administration Used a Fake to Build the Case for War in Iraq: Peter Eisner and Knut Royce Iraq and the Lessons of Vietnam: or, How Not to Learn From the Past: Lloyd C. Gardner, Marilyn B. Young, Eds.     

Review Article: The General History of the Second World War

MARTIN KITCHEN. A World in Flames: A Short History of the Second World War in Europe and Asia, 1939–1945. London and New York: Longman, 1990. Pp. xii, 377. $24.95 (CAN);

R.A.C. PARKER. Struggle for Survival: The History of the Second World War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. Pp. xii, 328. £5.95;

H.P. WiLLMOTT. The Great Crusade: A New Complete History of the Second World War. New York: Free Press (Macmillan), 1989. Pp. xii, 500. $24.95 (us);

JOHN KEEGAN. The Second World War. Sydney: Hutchinson, 1989. Pp. vii, 608. Aus $39.95;

JOHN ELLIS. Brute Force: Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War. London: André Deutsch, 1990. Pp. xxii, 643. £19.95;

ALAN F. WILT. War from the Top: German and British Military Decision Making during World War II. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1990. Pp. x, 390. $35.00 (us).     

BOOK REVIEWS

Hitler's Army: Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Reich. Germany and the Union of South Africa in the Nazi Period. The Unwritten Law: Criminal Justice in Victorian Kent. The Impossible Peace: Britain, the Division of Germany Mechanized Juggernaut or Military Anachronism Theatre of Horror: Crime and Punishment in Early Modern Germany Sir Philip Sidney: Courtier Poet. By Katherine Duncan-Jones Townlife in Fourteenth-Century Scotland. By Elizabeth Ewan Principled Pragmatist: The Political Career of Alexandre Millerand Caligula: Emperor of Rome. By Arther Ferrill. Assimilation and Community: The Jews in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Risk and Survival in Ancient Greece: Reconstructing the Rural Domestic Economy. Playing the Scottish Card: The Franco-Jacobite Invasion of 1708. Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches' Sabbath. By Carlo Ginzberg. The Kremlin and the Schoolhouse: Reforming Education in Soviet Russia The French Navy in Indochina: Riverine and Coastal Forces July 1914: The Long Debate, 1918-1990. By John W. Langdon. An Interrupted Past: German-Speaking Refugee Historians in the United States after 1933. The Making of an Industrial Society: Whickham, 1560–1560. Women and Social Action in Victorian and Edwardian England. A Nazi Legacy: Right Wing Extremism in Postwar Germany. The Making of the English Nation: From Anglo-Saxons to Edward I. Protestants First: Orangeism in Nineteenth-Century Scotland. The Margins of City Life: Explorations on the French Urban Frontier The People's Peace: British History, 1945–1945. The Scottish National Covenant in its British Context, 1638–1638. Bismarck and the Development of Germany. 3 vols. Roman Culture and Society: Collected Papers. The Vikings. By Eke Roesdahl. Translated by Susan M. Margeson and Kirsten Williams. The Vichy Syndrome: History and Memory in France since 1944. By Henry Rousso. Translated Reluctant Icon: Gladstone, Bulgaria, and the Working Classes, 1856-1878. By Ann Pottinger Saab. Being Present: Growing Up in Hitler's Germany. Politics and the Sciences of Culture in Germany, 1840–1840. The Broken Spell: A Cultural and Anthropological History of Preindustrial Europe. Interpreting History: Collective Essays on Russia's Relations with Europe. The Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750–1750. Paris and Its People under English Rule: The Angb-Burgundian Regime. Women Religious: The Founding of English Nunneries after the Norman Conquest. The British General Election of 1931. Mountains of Debt: Crisis and Change in Renaissance Florence, Victorian Britain and Postwar America. Exile in Mid-Qing China: Banishment to Xinjiang, 1758–1758. Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War. France, the Cold War and the Western Alliance, 1944: British Officials and British Foreign Policy, 1945–1945. Chain Reaction: Expert Debate and Public Participation in American Commercial Nuclear Power, 1945–1945. Pride, Prejudice, and Politics: Roosevelt versus Recovery, 1933–1933. Pawnee Passage: 1870–1870. The Laser in America, 1950–1950. Politics, Religion, and Rockets: Essays in Twentieth-Century American History A Family Venture: Men and Women on the Southern Frontier. Seasons of Grace: Colonial New England's Revival Tradition in Its British Context. The Development of Medical Techniques and Treatments: From Leeches to Heart Surgery. Richard B. Russell, Jr., Senator from Georgia. The Presidency of Franklin Pierce. Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.: The Political Biography of an American Dilemma. The Rockefeller Conscience: An American Family in Public and in Private. A History of Industrial Power in the United States, 1780–1780. John Nelson: Merchant Adventurer. Literacy in the United States: Readers and Reading since 1880. The Juggler: Franklin Roosevelt as Wartime Statesman. William Dorsey's Philadelphia and Ours: Central America and the United States: The Search for Stability. The Dispossession of the American Indian, 1887–1887. Edison and the Business of Innovation. Indiana Quakers during the Civil War. Promises to Keep: African-Americans and the Constitutional Order, 1776 to the Present. Writing Women's History: International Perspectives. A Question of Character: A Life of John F. Kennedy. Hell's Half Acre: The Life and Legend of a Red-Light District. Agenda for Reform: Winthrop Rockefeller as Governor of Arkansas, 1967–1967. Toward a Social History of the American Civil War: Exploratory Essays. Moments of Unreason: The Practice of Canadian Psychiatry and the Homewood Retreat, 1883–1883. Washing “The Great Unwashed”: Public Baths in Urban America, 1840–1840. The Old World's New World.     

Book Reviews

Book reviews in this article: The Ancient Mediterranean. By Michael Grant. Philopoemen. By R. M. Errington. Plebs and Princeps. By Z. Yavetz. Erasmus of Christendom By Roland H. Bainton. Duecento: The Late Middle Ages in Italy Helene Nolthenius. Action and Conviction in Early Modern Europe. Essays in Memory of E. H . Harbison. Econorrtic History and the Historian: Collected Essays. By Charles Wilson. Politics and Public Interest. By John Gunn. Idealism, Politics and History Sources of Hegelian Thought. By George Armstrong Nihilists: Russian Radicals and Revolutionaries in the Reign of Alexander II (1855-81). By Ronald Hingley. Paris in the Age of Absolutism: An Essny. By Orest Ranum. Richelieu. By D. P. O'Connell. Mesmerism and the End of the Enlightentnent in France. By Robert Darnton. Napoleon: From 18 Brumaire to Tilsit, 1799-1807. By Georges Lefebvre. Crisis and Decline The French Socialist Party in the Popular Front Era. By Nathaniel Grecne. A Long Time Burning; The History of Literary Censorship in England. By Donald Thomas. Army Royal: Henry VIII's Invasion of France, 1523 . By C. G . Cruickshank. King James the Third of England. By Bryan Bevan. The Irish Question, 1800-1922. By Lawrence J. McCaffrey. Promise of Greatness: The War of 1914-1918. Edited, with an introduction, by George Panichas. British Baptist Missionaries in India, 1793-1837: T h e History of Serainpore and Its Missions. By E. Daniel Potts. Sun Yat-sen and the Origins of the Chinese Reuolution. By Harold Z. Schiffrin. China in Revolution: The First Phase, 1910-1913. Edited, with an introduction, by Mary Clabaugh Wright. A Brief Diplomztic History of Modern Japan. By Morinosuke Kajima. Japan's First General Election, 1890. By R. H. P. Mason. Suez: De Lessep's Canal. By John Pudnev. Ethiopia: The Era of the Princes. By Mordechai Abir. Origins of Rhodesin. By Stanlake Samkange. Spiritual Autobiography in Early America. By Daniel B. Shea, Jr. Congregational Conamonwealth; Connecticut, 1636-1662. By Mary Jeanne Anderson Jones. Richard Henry Lee: Statesrnan of the Revolution. By Oliver Perry Chitwood. Timothy Pickering and American Diplomag, 1795-1800. By Gerard H. Clarfield. John Breckinridge: [jeffersonian Republican. By Lowell H . Harrison. To Wear a City's Crown: The Beginnings of Urban Growth in Texas, 1836-1845. By Kenneth W. Wheeler. The Radical Republicans: Lincoln's Vanguard fur Racial Justice. By Hans L. Trefousse. A Union Soldier in the Land of the vanquished: The Diary of Sergeant Mathew Woodruff Big Bill Haywood and the Radical Union Movement. By Joseph R. Conlin. Reform in Detroit: Hazen Pingtee and Urban Politics. By Melvin G . Holli. Twentieth Century Pittsburgh: Government, Business, and Environmental Change. By Roy Lubove. The New York Money Market and the Finance of Trade, 1900-1913. By C. A. E. Goodhart. The U. S. Machine Tool Industry from 1900 to 1950. By Harless D. Waggoner. Climb to Greatness: The American Aircraft Industry, 1920-1960. By John R. Rae. Rebels Against War: The American Peace Movement, 1941-1960. By Lawrence S. Wittner. The War to End All Wars: The American Military Experience in World War I. By Edward M. Coffman. President Wilson Fights His War: World War I and the Amrerican Intervention. By Harvey A. DeWeerd. The Politics of War: The World and United States Foreign Policy, 1943-1915. By Gabriel Kolko. American Power and The New Mandarins. By Noam Chomsky. The Autobiography of a Runaway stave By Esteban Montejo. Edited by Miguel Barnet, translated by Jocasta Innes. Zapata: The Ideology of a Peasant Reuolutionary. By Robert P. Millon.     

BOOKS IN SUMMARY

Book reviewed in this issue: Nation and History : Polish Historians from the Enlightenment to the Second World War . Edited by Peter Brock, John D. Stanley, and Piotr J. Wróbel. War of No Pity : The Indian Mutiny and Victorian Trauma . by Christopher Herbert. Medieval History Writing and Crusading Ideology . Edited by Tuomas M. S. Lehtonen and Kurt Villads Jensen with Janne Malkki and Katja Ritari. Vitalizing Nature in the Enlightenment . by Peter Hanns Reill. History and Nation . Edited by Julia Rudolph. Women's History in Global Perspective , Volumes 1–3. Edited by Bonnie G. Smith. Haunted by Empire : Geographies of Intimacy in North American History . Edited by Ann Laura Stoler. Writing Early Modern History . Edited by Garthine Walker.     

BOOK REVIEWS

The Great Adventure: Male Desire and the Coming of World War I. By Michael C. C. Adams John Bull and the Bear: British Public Opinion, Foreign Policy and the Soviet Union 1941-1945. By P. M. H. Bell The Rise of Richelieu. By Joseph Bergin Nineteenth-Century Ireland: The Search for Stability. By D. George Boyce The Habsburg Monarchy among the Great Powers, 1815-1918. By F. R. Bridge Shipbuilders of the Venetian Arsenal: Workers and Workplace in the Preindustrial City. By Robert C. Davis The Vanishing Children of Paris: Rumor and Politics before the French Revolution. By Arlette Farge and Jacques Revel. Translated by Claudia Miéville Jewish Politics in Vienna, 1918-1938. By Harriet Pass Freidertreich The Causes of the English Civil War. By Ann Hughes The Unfree Professions: German Lawyers, Teachers, and Engineers, 19004950. By Konrad H. Jarausch Chinese Boycotts Versus Japanese Bombs: The Failure of China's “Revolutionary Diplomacy,” 1931-32. By Donald A. Jordan From Ad Hoc to Routine: A Case Study in Medieval Bureaucracy. By Ellen E. Kittell The Battle of the Books: History and Literature in the Augustan Age. By Joseph M. Levine Rioters and Citizens: Mass Protest in Imperial Japan. By Michael Lewis A Climate for Appeasement. By Terrance L. Lewis Sleepless Souls: Suicide in Early Modern England. By Michael MacDonald and Terence R. Murphy Cicero: The Senior Statesman. By Thomas N. Mitchell Class, Sect and Party: The Making of the British Middle Class, Leeds, 1820-50. By R. J. Morris Himmler. By Peter Padfield Politics, Shipping and the Repeal of the Navigation Laws. By Sarah Palmer Military Planning for the Defense of the United Kingdom, 1814-1870. By Michael Stephen Partridge Political Society in Lancastrian England: The Greater Gentry of Nottinghamshire. By S. J. Payling English Politics in the Thirteenth Century. By Michael Prestwich Women, Equality, and the French Revolution. By Candice E. Proctor The Restoration. By Paul Seaward Tannenberg: Clash of Empires. By Dennis E. Showalter The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia. Edited by Denis Sinor Prisoners, Diplomats, and the Great War: A Study in the Diplomacy of Captivity. By Richard B. Speed m Journalists for Empire: The Imperial Debate in The Edwardian Stately Press, 1903-1913. By James D. Startt Sir Francis Drake. By John Sugden State and Society in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Egypt. By Ehud R. Toledano Holland Under Hapsburg Rule, 1506-1566: The Formation of a Body Politic. By James D. Tracy Athenian Myths and Institutions: Words in Action. By William Blake Tyrrell and Frieda S. Brown Paul Leroy-Beaulieu and Established Liberalism in France. By Dan Warshaw War From the Top: German and British Military Decision Making during World War II. By Alan F. Wilt The History of Siberia: From Russian Conquest to Revolutbn. Edited by Alan Wood Lloyd George and the Challenge of Labour: The Post-War Coalition, 1918-1922. By Chris Wrigley Breaking the Iron Bonds; Indian Control of Energy Development. By Marjane Ambler The Facts of Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of John Hope Franklin. Edited by Eric Anderson and Alfred A. Moss, Jr Waterfront Workers of New Orleans: Race, Class and Politics, 1863-1923. By Eric Arnesen The Moral Frameworks of Public Life: Gender, Politics, and the State in Rural New York, 1870-1930. By Paula Baker A New Deal for the American People. By Roger Biles Virginia's Viceroy, Their Majesties’Governor General: Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham. By Warren M. Billings Revolution and Empire: English Politics and the American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century. By Robert M. Bliss Without Quarter: The Wichita Expedition and the Fight on Crooked Creek. By William Y. Chalfant The Future South: A Historical Perspective for the Twenty-First Century. Edited by Joe P. Dunn and Howard L. Preston Amateurs, to Arms! A Military History of the War of 1812. By John R. Elting The NAACP Comes of Age: The Defeat of fudge John J. Parker. By Kenneth W. Goings A Quest for Security: The Life of Samuel Parris, 1653-1720. By Larry Gragg Thomas O. hirkin: A Life of Patriotism and Profit in Old California. By Harlan Hague and David J. Langum The Politics of Change in Georgia: A Political Biography of Ellis Arnall. By Harold Paulk Henderson Joseph E. Davis: Pioneer Patriarch. By Janet Sharp Hermann Law, Gender, and Injustice: A Legal History of U.S. Women. By Joan Hoff To Shining Sea: A History of the United States Navy, 1775-1991. By Stephen Howarth Abe Fortas: A Biography. By Laura Kalman A History of Hispanic Theatre in the United States: Origins to 1940. By Nicolas Kanellos The American Whig: William Livingston of New York. By Milton M. Klein James Milton Turner and the Promise of America: The Public Life of a Post-Civil War Black Leader. By Gary R. Kremer Destroyer of the Iron Horse: General Joseph E. Johnston and Confederate Rail Transport, 1861-1865. By Jeffrey N. Lash To Serve and Collect: Chicago Politics and Police Corruption from Lager Beer Riot to the Summerdale Scandal. By Richard C. Lindberg Freedom by Degrees: Emancipation in Pennsylvania and its Aftermath. By Gary B. Nash and Jean R. Soderlund The Fate of Liberty: Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties. By Mark E. Neely, Jr Blackcoats Among the Delaware: David Zeisberger on the Ohio Frontier. By Earl P. Olmstead Major Robert Farmar of Mobile. By Robert R. Rea An American Illiad: The Story of the Civil War. By Charles P. Roland Creating a Dignified Past: Museums and the Colonial Revival. Edited by Geoffrey L. Rossano Roosevelt: The Party Leader, 1932-1945. By Sean J. Savage Taking the Wheel: Women and the Coming of the Motor Age. By Virginia Scharff Into the Breach: American Women Overseas in World War I. By Dorothy Schneider and Carl J. Schneider Romantic Longings: Love in America, 1830-1989. By Steven Seidman Predators and Prizes: American Privateering and Imperial Warfare, 1739-1748. By Carl E. Swanson Speculators and Slaves: Masters, Traders, and Slaves in the Old South. By Michael Tadman War on the Great Lakes: Essays Commemorating the 175th Anniversary of the Battle of Lake Erie. Edited by Wiliam Jeffrey Welsh and David Curtis Skagss Mosby's Rangers. By Jeffry D. Wert     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article Early Greece. By Oswyn Murray. The Punic Wars. By Brian Caven. War and Imperialism in Republican Rome, 327-70 B.C. By William V. Harris. Cicero: The Ascending Years. By Thomas N. Mitchell. Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland. Revised edition. By Marjorie O. Anderson. Government by Pen: Scotland under James VI and I. Maurice Lee, Jr. The Transformation of England: Essays in the Economic and Social History of England in the Eighteenth Century. By Peter Mathias. Armies in Europe. By John Gooch. The Challenge of Labour: Shaping British Society, 1850-1930. By Keith Burgess. Pacifism in Britain, 1914-1945:The Defining of a Faith. By Martin Ceadel. The Advent of War, 1939-40. By Roy Douglas. British Military Policy between the Two World Wars. By Brian Bond. The First Moderns: The Architects of the Eighteenth Century. By Joseph Rykwert. Détente in the Napoleonic Era: Bonaparte and the Russians. By Hugh Ragsdale. Napoleon III and Eugenie. By Jasper Ridley. More Than a Trial: The Struggle over Captain Dreyfus. By Robert L. Hoffman. The War without a Name: France in Algeria, 1954-1962. By John Talbott. The Spanish Crown and the Defense of the Caribbean, 1535-1585: Precedent, Patrimonialism, and Royal Parsimony. By Paul E. Hoffman. Crime and Society in Early Modern Seville. By Mary Elizabeth Perry. Nietzsche: A Critical Life. By Ronald Hayman. The Berlin Secession: Modernism and Its Enemies in Imperial Germany. By Peter Paret. Class, Religion, and Local Politics in Wilhelmine Germany: The Centre Party in Wiirttemberg before 1914. By David Blackboum. The Jews in Weimar Germany. By Donald L. Niewyk. Stresemann and the DNVP: Reconciliation or Revenge in German Foreign Policy, 1924-1928. By Roberi P. Grathwol. Russian Officialdom: The Bureaucratization of Russian Society from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Century. Edited by Walter McKenzie Pintner and Don Karl Rowney. The Commander: A Life of Barclay de Tolly. By Michael Josselson and Diana Josselson. Tanaka Guchi and Japan's China Policy. By William F. Morton. Puritans and Adventurers: Change and Persistence in Early America. By T. H. Breen. Quakers in the Colonial Northeast. By Arthur J. Worrall. Revolution, Reform, and the Politics of American Taxation, 1763-1783. By Robert A. Becker. Shays’Rebellion: The Making of an Agrarian Insurrection. By David P. Szatmary. Rehearsal for Republicanism: Free Soil and the Politics of Antislavery. By John Mayfield. Stones River: Bloody Winter in Tennessee. By James Lee McDonough. Sherman's March. By Burke Davis. Civil War Iowa and the Copperhead Movement. By Hubert H. Wubben. The Public Good: Philanthropy and Welfare in the Civil War Era. By Robert H. Bremner. Bullets, Ballots, and Rhetoric: Confederate Policy for the United States Presidential Contest of 1864. By Larry E. Nelson. The Reconstruction of the New York Democracy, 1861-1874. By Jerome Mushkat. The Virginius Affair. By Richard H. Bradford. The Army and Civil Disorder: Federal Military Intervention in Labor Disputes, 1877-1900. By Jerry M. Cooper. Mission for Life. By Joan Jacobs Brumberg. The Press as Guardian of the First Amendment. By John Lofton. The Modern Stentors: Radio Broadcasters and the Federal Government, 1920-1934. By Philip T. Rosen. Marvin Jones: The Public Life of an Agrarian Advocate. By Irvin May, Jr. Electricity for Rural America: The Fight for the REA. By D. Clayton Brown. [Contributions in Economics and Economic History, no. 29.] Congress and the Waning of the New Deal. By David L. Porter. Billions for Defense: Government Financing by the Defense Plant Corporation during World War II. By Gerald T. White. Military Money: A Fiscal History of the U.S. Army Overseas in World War II. By Walter Rundell, Jr. Ores to Metals: The Rocky Mountain Smelting Industry. By James E. Fell, Jr. Exile in the Wilderness. By Jean Murray Cole.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Jean Froissart and the Fabric of History. From Spear to Flintlock A History of War in Europe and the Middle East to the French Revolution. Rents, Taxes, and Peasant Resistance: The Lower Yangtze Region, 1840–1840. France and Decolonisation, 1900–1900. Giordano Bruno and the Embassy Affair. Art under Stalin. Discovering the Roman Family. The New World Merchants of Rouen, 1559–1559. Moltke, Schlieffen, and Prussian War Planning. Before the Black Death: Studies in the “Crisis” of the Early Fourteenth Century. Inventing the Middle Ages: The Lives, Works, and Ideas of the Great Medievalists of the Twentieth Century. An Introduction to Nineteenth-Century Russian Slavophilism: Iu. Community, Trade, and Networks: Southern Fujian Proxnnce from the Third to the Thirteenth Century. Towns in the Viking Age. Roman Spain: Conquest and Assimilation. The Formulation of British Defence Policy towards the Middle East, 1948–1948. Myopic Grandeur: The Ambivalence of French Foreign Policy toward the Far East, 1919–1919. Jacobinism and the Revolt of Lyon, 1789–1789. The German Communists and the Rise of Nazism. The Bretons. Renaissance Characters. Plausible Worlds: Possibility and Understanding in History and the Social Sciences. Dark Age Naval Power: A Reassessment of Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Seafaring Activity. The Emancipation of the Jews of Alsace: Acculturation and Tradition in the Nineteenth Century. Equal in Monastic Profession: Religious Women in Medieval France. The Making of the Jewish Middle Class: Women, Family, and Identity in Imperial Germany. Wilhelm II and the Germans: A Study in Leadership. The Unresolved Question: The Anglo-Irish Settlement and Its Undoing, 1912–1912. The Elizabethan Secret Service. Nicholas I and the Russian Intervention in Hungary. England, Spain, and the Gran Armada, 1585-1604: Essays from the Anglo-American Conferences London and Madrid, 1988. The Fall of the British Monarchies, 1637–1637. The Widening Gate: Bristol and the Atlantic Economy, 1450–1450. Fideles Cruris: The Papacy, the West, and the Recovery of the Holy Land, 1274–1274. On the Threshold of Modernity: Relativism in the French Renaissance. Fortune-tellers and Philosophers: Divination in Traditional Chinese Society. Elizabeth I. Hippocrates in a World of Pagans and Christians. The French Revolution in Culture and Society. Russian Imperial Military Doctrine and Education, 1832–1832. Salzburg under Siege: U.S. The Changing Scottish Landscape, 1500–1500. Defending the Empire: The Conservative Party and British Defence Policy, 1899–1899. Napoleon's Integration of Europe. Yankee Merchants and the Making of the Urban West: The Rise and Fall of Antebellum St. Damming the Colorado: The Rise of the Lower Colorado River Authority, 1933–1933. Great Basin Kingdom Revisited: Contemporary Perspectives. Shoulder to Shoulder? The American Federation of Labor, the United States, and the Mexican Revolution, 1910–1910. Years of Discord: American Politics and Society, 1961–1961. Eisenhower and the Anti-Communist Crusade. Eyeball to Eyeball: The Inside Story of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Panama and the United States: The Forced Alliance. Shaping Invention: Thomas Blanchard's Machinery and Patent Management in Nineteenth-Century America. The Prism of Piety: Catholick Congregational Clergy at the Beginning of the Enlightenment. Reluctant Modernism: American Thought and Culture, 1880–1880. The Chief of Staff: The Military Career of General Walter Bedell Smith. United States Perceptions of Latin America, 1850-1930: A ‘New West’ South of Capricorn? By J. History, the White House, and the Kremlin: Statesmen as Historians. Civil Rights and the Presidency: Race and Gender in American Politics, 1960–1960. Women's Sports: A History. Mexico's Merchant Elite, 1590-1660: Silver, State and Society. Converting the West: A Biography of Narcissa Whitman. The Civil War in the American West. In the Cause of True Education: Henry Barnard and Nineteenth-Century School Reform. An Arrow in the Earth: General Joel Palmer and the Indians of Oregon. The Roots of Democracy: American Thought and Culture, 1760–1760. The Last Conquistador: Juan de Oñate and the Settling of the Far Southwest. Let Us Have Peace: Ulysses S. The Politics of Aircraft: Building an American Military Industry. A Century of European Migrations: 1830–1830. Revolution and Counterrevolution in Nicaragua. The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1650. A Changing of the Guard: Anglo-American Relations, 1941–1941. Making America Corporate, 1870–1870.     

Establishing a ‘Cultural Base’? The Creation of the Fulbright Program in Portugal

This paper deals with the cultural and educational relations between the United States and Portugal during the Cold War. It is built upon the premise that cultural policies and cultural relations between states are a fundamental part of international relations. History of International Relations, therefore, should overcome an analysis based only upon political and diplomatic dimensions to address what can also be referred to as ‘cultural diplomacy’. The Cold War period, because of its historical features, is particularly relevant to the study of processes of cultural diplomacy and some authors even consider it as the ‘golden age’ of cultural diplomacy.¹1. William Glade, ‘Issues in the Genesis and Organization of Cultural Diplomacy: A Brief Critical History’ in The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society (Winter 2010), vol. 39, issue 4, 242. For cultural diplomacy during the Cold War see Jessica Gienow-Hecht, ‘Culture and the Cold War in Europe’ in Leffler, Melvyn & Westad, Odd Arne, The Cambridge History of the Cold War Vol. i, (Cambridge University Press, 2010), 398–419; Akira Iriye, ‘Culture and International History’ in Michael J. Hogan and Thomas G. Paterson (ed), Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004); Richard T. Arndt, The First Resort Of Kings: American Cultural Diplomacy In The Twentieth Century (Virgínia: Potomac Books, 2005).View all notes     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this issue. International Relations theory British international thinkers from Hobbes to Namier. Edited by Ian Hall and Lisa Hill. International law, human rights and ethics After Abu Ghraib: exploring human rights in America and the Middle East. By Shadi Mokhtari. Globalizing justice: the ethics of poverty and power. By Richard W. Miller. International organization and foreign policy The contemporary Commonwealth: an assessment 1965–2009. Edited by James Mayall. The Commonwealth and international affairs: the Round Table centennial selection. Edited by Alex May. International security in practice: the politics of NATO—Russia diplomacy. By Vincent Pouliot. Conflict, security and defence Securing the state. By David Omand. Why intelligence fails: lessons from the Iranian Revolution and the Iraq War. By Robert Jervis. Preventing catastrophe: the use and misuse of intelligence efforts to halt the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. By Thomas Graham Jr and Keith Hansen. Intelligence for an age of terror. By Gregory Treverton. Liberal peace transitions: between statebuilding and peacebuilding. By Oliver P. Richmond and Jason Franks. Aftermath: the Omagh bombing and the families' pursuit of justice. By Ruth Dudley Edwards. Governance, civil society and cultural politics The Muslim revolt: a journey through political Islam. By Roger Hardy. The borders of Islam: exploring Samuel Huntington's faultlines from Al‐Andalus to virtual Ummah. Edited by Stig Jarle Hansen, Atle Mesøy and Tuncay Kardas. Global Salafism: Islam's new religious movement. Edited by Roel Meijer. Political Islam observed. By Frédéric Volpi. Political economy, economics and development High financier: the lives and time of Siegmund Warburg. By Niall Ferguson. Too big to fail: inside the battle to save Wall Street. By Andrew Ross Sorkin. Capitalism 4.0: the birth of a new economy. By Anatole Kaletsky. This time is different: eight centuries of financial folly. By Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff. Crisis: cause, containment, and cure. By Thomas F. Huertas. The end of influence: what happens when other countries have the money. By Stephen S. Cohen and J. Bradford DeLong. Energy, resources and environment Global politics of health. By Sara E. Davies. History America's Rasputin: Walt Rostow and the Vietnam War. By David Milne. The Atlantic and its enemies: a personal history of the Cold War. By Norman Stone. The Cold War and national assertion in Southeast Asia: Britain, the United States and Burma, 1948–1962. By Matthew Foley. Southeast Asia and the Vietnam War. By Ang Cheng Guan. Europe The European Union as a small power: after the post‐Cold War. By Asle Toje. The paradoxical republic: Austria, 1945–2005. By Oliver Rathkolb. Russia and Eurasia Turkmenistan's foreign policy: positive neutrality and the consolidation of the Turkmen regime. By Luca Anceschi. Middle East and North Africa The United States and Iraq since 1979: hegemony, oil and war. By Steven Hurst. The Iraq effect: the Middle East after the Iraq war. By Frederic Wehrey, Dalia Dassa Kaye, Jessica Watkins, Jeffrey Martini and Robert A. Guffey. Crisis of authority: Iran's 2009 presidential election. By Ali M. Ansari. Abu Dhabi: oil and beyond. By Christopher M. Davidson. Regime and periphery in northern Yemen: the Huthi phenomenon. By Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt and Madeleine Wells. Sub‐Saharan Africa Somaliland: an African struggle for nationhood and international recognition. By Iqbal D. Jhazbhay. Zimbabwe: years of hope and despair. By Philip Barclay. Milk and peace, drought and war: Somali culture, society and politics: essays in honour of I. M. Lewis. Edited by Markus V. Hoehne and Virginia Luling. The curse of Berlin: Africa after the Cold War. By Adekeye Adebajo. South Asia My life with the Taliban. By Abdul Salam Zaeef. Edited by Alex Strick van Linschoten and Felix Kuehn. India and Pakistan: continued conflict or cooperation? By Stanley Wolpert. Toughing it out in Afghanistan. By Michael O'Hanlon and Hassina Sherjan. Empires of mud: wars and warlords in Afghanistan. By Antonio Giustozzi. Inside nuclear South Asia. Edited by Scott D. Sagan. East Asia and Pacific Mao's great famine: the history of China's most devastating catastrophe. By Frank Dikötter. North America Obama's wars: the inside story. By Bob Woodward. The bridge: the life and rise of Barack Obama. By David Remnick. The promise: President Obama, year one. By Jonathan Alter. Reading Obama: dreams, hope, and the American political tradition. By James T. Kloppenberg. Soft power and US foreign policy: theoretical, historical and contemporary perspectives. Edited by Inderjeet Parmar and Michael Cox. Dominion from sea to sea: Pacific ascendancy and American power. By Bruce Cumings. American foreign policy. By Paul R. Viotti. Latin America and Caribbean 1959: the year that inflamed the Caribbean. By Bernard Diederich. Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian revolution: populism and democracy in a globalised age. By Barry Cannon. Venezuela's Chavismo and populism in comparative perspective. By Kirk A. Hawkins. Electing Chávez: the business of anti‐neoliberal politics in Venezuela. By Leslie Gates. Revolutionary social change in Colombia: the origin and direction of the FARC‐EP. By James J. Brittain. Blood and capital: the paramilitarization of Colombia. By Jasmin Hristov. Portrait of a nation: culture and progress in Ecuador. By Osvaldo Hurtado.     

Review Article: Hot War,Cold War,New War

STANLEY KARNOW. Vietnam, A History. New York: Penguin, 1984. Pp. xi, 752. $10.95 (US); GABRIEL KOLKO. Anatomy of a War: Vietnam, The United States, and the Modern Historical Experience. New York: Pantheon Books, 1985. Pp. xvi, 628. $25.00 (US); TIMOTHY J. LOMPERIS. The War Everyone Lost-and Won: America's Intervention in Vietnam's Twin Struggles. Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1985. Pp. x, 192. $22.50 (US); R.B. SMITH. An International History of the Vietnam War: The Kennedy Strategy. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985. Pp. xii, 429. $25.00 (US); HARRY O. SUMMERS, Jr. On Strategy: A Critical Analysis of the Vietnam War. New York: Dell, 1984. Pp. 288. $3.95 (US).     

Book Reviews

Roman Spain. By S. J. Keay. (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press Gregory the Great: Perfection in Imperfection. [Vol. 14 of The Transformation of the Classical Heritage University of Alabama in Huntsville The Mountains and the City: The Tuscan Appennines in the Early Middle Ages Before France and Germany. The Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World University of Illinois at Chicago Politics, Policy and Finance under Henry III Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, Toronto Civility and Society in Western Europe Bench and Bureaucracy: The Public Career of Sir Julius Caesar Reluctant Revolutionaries: Englishmen and the Revolution of 1688 The Hereditary Bondsman: Daniel O'Connell Farmworkers in England and Wales: A Social and Economic History In Search of Victorian Values: Aspects of Nineteenth-Century Thought and Society. Edited by Eric M. Sigsworth Baldwin and the Conservative Party: The Crisis of 1929-1931. By Stuart Ball Never Despair Andreas Fischer and the Sabbatarian Anabaptists: An Early Reformation Episode in East Central Europe. By Daniel Liechty Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis. By Robert N. Proctor Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine. By Avi Shlaim King Abdullah, Britain and the Making of Jordan. By Mary C. Wilson Japanese Imperialism, 1894-1945. By W. G. Beasley Coming Over: Migration and Communication Between England and New England in the Seventeenth Century. By David Cressy The Last American Puritan: The Life of Increase Mather. By Michael G. Hall Bound for America. The Transportation of British Convicts to the Colonies, 1718-1775. By A. Roger Ekirch The Republic Reborn: War and the Making of Liberal America The Canary Islanders of Louisiana. By Gilbert C. Din. (Baton Rouge and London Flagler: Rockefeller Partner and Florida Baron. By Edward N. Akin Saving Capitalism: The Reconstruction Finance Corporation and the New Deal, 1933-1940. By James S. Olson The Airway to Everywhere: A History of All American Aviation, 1937-1953. By W. David Lewis and William F. Trimble Eleanor Roosevelt and the Media, A Public Quest for Self-Fulfillment. By Maurine H. Beasley Alternatives to Anarchy: American Supranationalism Since World War II. By Wesley T. Wooley Turning Point: 1968. By Irwin Unger and Debi Unger The Life and Death of the Solid South: A Political History. By Dewey W. Grantham Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia, A Biography. [Southern Biography Series.] By Thomas E. Schott Agnes Smedley: The Life and Times of an American Radical. By Janice R. MacKinnon and Stephen R. MacKinnon Union Busting in the Tri-State: The Oklahoma, Kansas, and Missouri Metal Workers'strike of 1935. By George G. Suggs Jr The Law of the Land: Two Hundred Years of American Farmland Policy. By John Opie Kenekuk, The Kickapoo Prophet. By Joseph B. Herring No Separate Refuge: Culture, Class, and Gender on an Anglo-Hispanic Frontier in the American Southwest, 1880-1940. By Sarah Deutsch Cavalier in Buckskin: George Armstrong Custer and the Western Military Frontier. [Oklahoma Western Biography Series.] By Robert M. Utley The Military and United States Indian Policy, 1865-1903. By Robert Wooster Soldiers West: Biographies from the Military Frontier. Edited by Paul Andrew Hutton Formulating American Indian Policy in New York State, 1970-1986. By Laurence M. Hauptman The Cycles of American History. By Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr The American Census: A Social History. By Margo J. Anderson Highlander: No Ordinary School, 1932-62. By John M. Glen The Rise of Experimentation in American Psychology. Edited by Jill G. Mora wski Sunday School: The Formation of an American Institution, 1790-1880. By Anne M. Boylan Spirit Fruit: A Gentle Utopia. By H. Roger Grant Freak Show: Presenting Human Oddities for Amusement and Profit. By Robert Bogdan The Female Frontier: A Comparative View of Women on the Prairie and the Plains. By Glenda Riley On Account of Sex: The Politics of Women's Issues, 1945-1968. By Cynthia Harrison Women Adrift: Independent Wage Earners in Chicago, 1880-1930. By Joanne J. Meyerowitz The Grounding of Modern Feminism. By Nancy F. Cott The Politics of Military Rule in Brazil, 1964-85. By Thomas E. Skidmore Power in the Isthmus: A Political History of Central America. By James Dunkerley     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article: International Relations theory Just wars: from Cicero to Iraq. By Alex J. Bellamy. Human rights and ethics What is genocide? By Martin Shaw. Human rights in the Arab world: independent voices. Edited by Anthony Chase and Amr Hamzawy. Reading humanitarian intervention: human rights and the use of force in international law. By Anne Orford. International law and organization The best intentions: Kofi Annan and the UN in the era of American power. By James Traub. The United Nations in the twenty‐first century: management and reform processes in a troubled organization. By Marcus Franda. Foreign policy Independent diplomat: dispatches from an unaccountable elite. By Carne Ross. Empire and superempire: Britain, America and the world. By Bernard Porter. Conflict, security and armed forces Britain's bomb: what next? Edited by Brian Wicker and Hugh Beach. Before the next attack: preserving civil liberties in an age of terrorism. By Bruce Ackerman. War in human civilization. By Azar Gat. Nuclear first strike: consequences of a broken taboo. By George H. Quester. Politics, democracy and social Affairs Migration, citizenship, ethnos. Edited by Y. Michael Bodemann and Gokce Yurdakul. Political economy, economics and development John Maynard Keynes and international relations. By Donald Markwell. The United Nations Development Programme: a better way. By Craig N. Murphy. Globalization and its enemies. By Daniel Cohen. Translated by Jessica B. Baker. Trade and investment rule‐making: the role of regional and bilateral agreements. Edited by Stephen Woolcock. Capitalism with derivatives: a political economy of financial derivatives, capital and class. By Dick Bryan and Mike Rafferty. History Mao's last revolution. By Roderick MacFarquar and Michael Schoenhals. The Jewish enemy: Nazi propaganda during World War II and the holocaust. By Jeffrey Herf. Europe Armed forces and society in Europe. By Anthony Forster. Divided West: European security and the transatlantic relationship. By Tuomas Forsberg and Graeme Herd. Design for a new Europe. By John Gillingham. Russia and Eurasia Boris Yeltsin and Russia's democratic transformation. By Herbert J. Ellison. Middle East and North Africa Negotiating change: the new politics of the Middle East. By Jeremy Jones. The Shi'a revival: how conflicts within Islam will shape the future. By Vali Nasr. The Iraq war: causes and consequences. By Rick Fawn and Raymond Hinnebusch. Iraq in fragments: the occupation and its legacy. By Eric Herring and Glen Rangwala. The end of Iraq: how American incompetence created a war without end. By Peter W. Galbraith. Voices of the new Arab republic: Iraq, Al‐Jazeera, and Middle East politics today. By Marc Lynch. Hamas: politics, charity, and terrorism in the service of jihad. By Matthew Levitt. Sub‐Saharan Africa Violence, political culture and development in Africa. Edited by Preben Kaarsholm. Ethnic federalism: the Ethiopian experience in comparative perspective. Edited by David Turton. Reconstructing the nation in Africa: the politics of nationalism in Ghana. By Michael Amoah. North America Hard power: the new politics of national security. By Kurt M. Campbell and Michael E. O'Hanlon. A moment of crisis: Jimmy Carter, the power of a peacemaker, and North Korea's nuclear ambitions. By Marion Creekmore Jr. With an introduction by Jimmy Carter. The Reagan imprint: ideas in American foreign policy from the collapse of communism to the war on terror. By John Arquilla. At the borderline of Armageddon: how American presidents managed the atomic bomb. By James E. Goodby. Latin America and Caribbean Global capitalism, democracy, and civil‐military relations in Colombia. By William Avilés. Argentina and the United States: an alliance contained. By David M. K. Sheinin.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article Roman Papers. By Sir Ronald Syme. Edited by E. Badian. 2 vols. Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages: Comparative Perspectives on Social and Cultural Formation. By Thomas F. Click. The Royal Forests of Medieval England. By Charles R. Young. The Tudor Regime. By Penry Williams. The English Commonwealth, 1547-1640: Essays in Politics and Society. Edited by Peter Clark, Alan G. R. Smith, and Nicholas Tyacke. Politics and the Appointment of Justices of the Peace, 1675-1720. By Lionel K.J. Glassey. Liberators of the Female Mind: The Shirreff Sisters, Educational Reform, and the Women's Movement. By Edward W. Ellsworth. Land and the National Question in Ireland, 1858-82. By Paul Bew. Social Origins of the Irish Land War. By Samuel Clark. The Roman Catholic Church in Ireland and the Fall of Pamell, 1888-1891. By Emmet Larkin. The Bureau of Manufactures during the French Revolution and under Napoleon: The Bureau of Commerce in 1781 and Its Policies with Respect to French Industry. By Harold T. Parker. Auguste de Colbert: Aristocratic Survival in an Era of Upheaval, 1793-1809. By Jeanne A. Ojala. Historians and Eighteenth-Century Europe, 1715-1789. By Matthew Smith Anderson. Church and Society in Catholic Europe of the Eighteenth Century. Edited, with an introduction, by William J. Callahan and David Higgs. Town in the Ruhr: A Social History of Bochum, 1860-1914. By David F. Crew. The Making of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1550-1700. By R.J.W. Evans. In Quest and Crisis: Emperor Joseph I and the Habsburg Monarchy. By Charles W. Ingrao. Hungary, the Great Powers, and the Danubian Crisis, 1936-1939. By Thomas L. Sakmyster. Film Propaganda: Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany. By Richard Taylor. Leon Trotsky. By Ronald Segal. The Rulers of British Africa, 1870-1914. By L.H. Gann and Peter Duignan. The Boer War. By Thomas Pakenham. From Ming to Ching: Conquest, Region, and Continuity in Seventeenth-Century China. Edited by Jonathan D. Spence and John E. Wills, Jr. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870. By James H. Kettner. The Beginnings of National Politics: An Interpretive History of the Continental Congress. By Jack N. Rakove. Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President, 1756-1805. By Milton Lomask. The Presidency of Andrew Jackson: White House Politics, 1829-1837. By Richard B. Latner. John Homy Dent: South Carolina Aristocrat on the Alabama Frontier. By Ray Mathis. The Idea of a Southern Nation: Southern Nationalists and Southern Nationalism, 1830-1860. By John McCardell. They Have No Rights: Dred Scott's Struggle for Freedom. By Walter Ehrlich. To Set the Law in Motion: The Freedmen's Bureau and the Legal Rights of Blacks, 1865–1868. By Donald G. Nieman. The Day of the Carpetbagger: Republican Reconstruction in Mississippi. By William C. Harris. Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery. By Leon F. Litwack. Tennessee in Turmoil: Politics in the Volunteer State, 1920-1932. By David D. Lee. Working-Class Community in Industrial America: Work, Leisure, and Struggle in Two Industrial Cities, 1880-1930. By John Cumbler. Intemperance: The Lost War against Liquor. By Larry Engelmann. Sobering Up: From Temperance to Prohibition in Antebellum America, 1800-1860. By Ian R. Tyrrell. Women and Men on the Overland Trail. By John Mack Faragher. The Therapeutic Revolution: Essays in the Social History of American Medicine. Edited by Morris J. Vogel and Charles E. Rosenberg. American Workingclass Culture: Explorations in American Labor and Social History. Edited by Milton Cantor. Automobile Age Atlanta: The Making of a Southern Metropolis, 1900-1935. By Howard L. Preston. The Great War and the Search for a Modern Order: A History of the American People and Their Institutions, 1917-1933. [St. Martin's Series in Twentieth-Century United States History.] By Ellis W. Hawley. Stale of War: Michigan in World War II. By Alan Clive. Minnesota Farmer-Laborism: The Third-Party Alternative. By Millard L. Gieske. The United States and Six Atlantic Outposts: The Military and Economic Considerations. By Edward W. Chester. Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932-1945. By Robert Dallek. Hitler vs. Roosevelt: The Undeclared Naval War. By Thomas A. Bailey and Paul B. Ryan. Civil Rights and the Crisis of Liberalism: The Democratic Party, 1945-1976. By John Frederick Martin. Forced Native Labor in Sixteenth-Century Central America. By William L. Sherman.     

Review Article: Hirohito and His Army

STEPHEN S. LARGE. Emperor Hirohito and Shāwa Japan: A Political Biography. London and New York: Roudedge, 1997. Pp. xii, 249. $18.95 (US); paper; PETER WETZLER. Hirohito and War: Imperial Tradition and Military Decision Making in Prewar Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998. Pp. xi, 294. $38.00 (US); EDWARD J. DREA. In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1998. Pp. xvii, 299. $45.00 (US); ROBERT B. EDGERTON. Warriors of the Rising Sun: A History of the Japanese Military. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. Pp. 384. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Michael A. Barnhart     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: The Fire This Time: U.S. War Crimes in the Gulf: Ramsey Clark War Crimes: A Report on United States War Crimes Against Iraq: Ramsey Clark and others     

New Chinese Military History, 1839–1951: What’s the Story?

Since 1990, New Chinese Military History in the West has remedied scholarly neglect of Chinese warfare and changed the usual stories of modern China. These studies disproved Orientalist assumptions of a unique “Chinese way of war” or a strategic culture that avoided aggressive confrontation. Scholars also challenge the assumption that Confucian immobility led to a clash of civilizations and decisive defeat in the Opium Wars, First Sino-Japanese War, and Boxer War of 1900. In fact, Qing officials were quick and successful in creating a new military regime. New military histories of the warlords, the Sino-Japanese Wars, and the Chinese Civil War show that developing new types of warfare was central in creating the new nation. All these wars split the country into factions that were supported by outside powers: they were internationalized civil wars. The article also asks how the choice of terms, labels, and categories shapes interpretations and political messages.     

Book Reviews

The Uses of History: Essays in Intellectual and Social History. The Meaning of Democracy As Used in European Ideologies from the French to the Russian Revolution. The Concept of Representation. The Greeks. The Moral and Political Tradition of Rome. Britain in the Roman Empire. Byzantiurn: The Imperial Centuries, A.D. 610-1071. The Medieval Town. The Office of Ambassador in the Middle Ages. Heresy in the Later Middle Ages. Paris and Oxford Universities In the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Enterprise & Empire: Merchant and Gentry Investment in the Expansion of England, 1575-1630. The Down of British to the East Indies: As Recorded in the Court Minutes of the East India Company,1599-1603 The Correspondence of Isaac Newton. Volume IV, 1694-1709. Edmund Burke. The Practical Imagination. Britain and the Balance of Power in North America, 1815-1908. An Expanding Society: Britain, 1810-1900. The Chamberlains. Great Britain and the War of 1914-1918. Politics and Diplomacy of Peacemaking: Containment and Counter-Revolution at Versailles, 1918-1919. The Works of Jacques-Auguste de Thou. The Blood and Iron Chancellor: A Documentary-Biography of Otto von Bismarck. Germany without Bismarck: The Crisis of Government in the Second Reich, 1890-1900. The German Revolution of 1918: A Study of German Socialism in War and Revolt. The Nuremberg Party Rallies: 1923-39. The Fall and Rise of Modern Italy. Italy from Liberalism to Fascism, 1870-1925. The Origins of the Pact of Steel. Poland's Politics: Idealism us. Realism. The Land and Government of Muscouy: A Sixteenth-Century Account. Lenin: The Man, the Theorist, the Leader: Politics and the Military in Jordan: A Study of the Arab Legion, 1921-1957 The Chinese Communist Regime: Documents and Commentary. Sins of the Fathers: A Study of the Atlantic Slave Traders, 1441-1807. The American Revolution and the British Press, 1775-1783. The National Waterway: A History of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, 1769-1965. Patriotism Limited, 1862-1865. Union Pamphlets of the Civil War, 1861-1865. Grover Cleveland. Presidential Vetoes, 1792-1945. King Cotton and His Retainers: Financing and Marketing the Cotton Crop of the South, 1800-1925. The Negro's Image in the South: The Anatomy of White Supremacy. The Papers of Woodrow Wilson. Volume II, 1981-1884; Life of George Bent Written from His Letters. Charles Evans Hughes. Politics and Reform in New York, 1905-1910. The Pendergast Machine. Daily Lift in Early Canada. Mexico: The Struggle for Modernity. Church Wealth in Mexico: A Study of the ‘Juzgndo de Capellaanfas’ in the Archbishopric of Mexico, 1800-1856. The Twilight Struggle: The Alliance for Progress and the Politics of Development in Latin America.