上海小三线口述史选编(二)

上海小三线系上海在20世纪60年代中期开始建设于安徽南部山区的一个以军工生产为主的综合性后方工业基地,它是上海政治和经济生活的一个重要组成部分,也是国际冷战背景下中共中央采取的重大应对举措之一,具有深远的现实意义和历史意义。1965年5月,根据中共中央关于加强战备工作的指示精神,上海开始着手在安徽南部建设后方小三线,到1984年决定将后方小三线无偿移交给安徽省,1988年完成移交工作。上海小三线建设历经24年,先后在皖南的徽州、安庆和宣城三个专区和浙江临安等13个县(市)境内建成81个全民所有制独立单位。上海市对此基地先后共投资6.4亿元,拥有全民所有制单位职工57000余人,职工家属16000余人,集体所有制单位职工1500人。上海大学历史系徐有威教授正在进行上海小三线建设研究。此次公布的口述史文章,即此次活动的部分成果。在采访和选编过程中,上海大学历史系霍亚平、崔海霞,李婷、吴静和顾雅俊等同学提供了协助。采访后期还得到上海大学历史系吴胡、张思宇、徐子鸣和黄婉清同学的帮助。本研究得到2013年度国家社科基金重大项目《"小三线"建设资料的整理与研究》(13ED097)以及上海大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目基金的资助。在此谨致谢意。     

皖南上海小三线职工的民生问题研究

上海小三线分布于皖南和浙西数百公里的山区,从1965年兴建到1988年移交结束,前后历时24年,人数最多时达到7.2万余人。小三线作为上海的后方基地和经济"飞地",自成一个社会体系。如何保障数万人的日常生活,解决他们面临的婚姻、户口、医疗、教育等问题,是小三线建设中的核心问题,也关涉到沪皖两地政府和职能部门的各项政策与协调。民生问题是研究小三线建设这一国家战略政策时不可忽略的重要方面。     

东至化工区建设述论——上海皖南“小三线”的个案研究

上海"小三线"在皖南后方基地兴建了不少军工企业,东至化工区是其中独特而重要的一部分。由于东至位于皖南的最西面,相对来说距离上海最远,加上化工原料和产品的特殊性,生产运输、物质生活都更加困难,但成绩不容抹杀,特别是其产品在对越自卫反击战中发挥了一定作用,是共和国史书里值得记录的一笔。东至化工区建成稍晚,三线建设衰落后即移交给地方政府,存在时间较短。在此过程中,"小三线"企业与当地社会产生了一定互动关系,并对城镇经济发展有着不可忽视的潜在影响,在东至留下了深刻的时代印记。     

三线建设调整改造的历史考察

三线建设是我国社会主义经济发展史上一个重要的历史事件。 2 0世纪 80年代 ,三线建设遗留下来的问题与国内国际形势的变化愈发不协调 ,国家着手对三线建设进行调整改造 ,主要内容与方式是中观和微观的布局调整、产品结构调整以及一线、三线合作等方面 ;三线调整改造具有布局调整为主与其他方式兼顾、政府扶持与企业自谋出路相结合等特点 ,是在新的历史条件下对过去三线建设遗留问题的矫正 ,是三线地区经济、国防建设在新形势下的继续和完善     

落地不生根:上海皖南小三线人口迁移研究

小三线建设是以一线城市的工厂内迁方式展开的,工人和家属随厂内迁成为了小三线建设的重要部分。上海皖南小三线建设中七万余职工和家属经历了从城市被动员到山区,再从山区回调到城市的流转过程,形成这一时期特殊的人口迁移流。其中人口迁移与小三线建设工厂的转折兴衰密切相连,移民成为了观察小三线发展演变的一个切入口。研究认为,单纯依靠行政动员而牺牲经济利益的做法,使得小三线移民无法持久,尽管上海小三线职工和家属在皖南落地20余载,但却始终未能在当地生根。     

进一步认识三线建设史研究的意义与任务CSSCI

三线建设是20世纪60年代,以毛泽东同志为核心的党的第一代中央领导集体做出的重大战略决策。几十年来,三线建设取得了巨大成就,积累了宝贵经验。系统研究这些成就和经验,对于深入推进党史学习教育和“四史”宣传教育,丰富、弘扬、传承党的精神谱系,深入总结党和国家的历史经验,保护和利用三线工业遗产,都具有十分重要的意义。广大三线建设史研究者应在翔实的资料基础上,切实推进三线建设史研究,编写三线历史,讲好中国故事,继承和发扬“三线精神”,为新时代中国特色社会主义事业服务。     

我亲身经历的西南三线建设

一1964年毛主席和党中央下决心搞三线建设的时候,我在上海担任华东局经委副主任,兼国防工办副主任。后来怎么会到西南三线去的呢?有一个过程。一开始,我没有到成都西南三线建设指挥部去,只是做上海和华东地区工厂往三线的搬迁工作。这项工作的试点在1964年年底就开始了,全面准备和行动是在1965年的春天。大约是1965年3月,朱德、董必武、聂荣臻、贺龙、柯庆施到成都,李井泉陪他们观看青羊宫花会。这个花会,不单展览花卉,还展览四川的工业产品。这儿位政治局委员看了以后,对李井泉说"你们四川太落后了"。又对柯庆施说:"你们上海工业那么多,搬一点来帮帮他们嘛。"1964年6月,党中央和毛主席已经下决心搞三线建设。西南三线包括四川、贵州、云南三省和湘西、鄂西、豫西。当时西南三省工业基础确实很差。在旧中国,西南是军     

“上海当代史研究现状与展望”学术研讨会在沪召开

正2013年12月28日,由上海社会科学院历史研究所、中国社会科学院当代中国研究所国情调研(上海)基地主办的"上海当代史研究现状与展望"学术研讨会在历史所召开。来自中国社科院当代中国研究所、中共上海市委党史研究室、复旦大学、华东师范大学、上海交通大学、上海大学和上海社科院历史研究所的专家学者与会。学者们介绍了各自机构在当代史,特别是上海当代史研究     

安徽宁国“小三线”企业改造与地方经济腾飞

20世纪60年代,在国家搞"大三线"建设的同时,上海为了建设后方基地,积极在江西、安徽等省开展"小三线"建设,曾陆续在安徽省皖南地区设立80个"小三线"企、事业单位,为当地的工业建设奠定了基础。80年代,中国政府将工作重心转移到经济建设上来,压缩军工产业,上海将"小三线"企业资产无偿交与当地政府管理,当地政府将这些资产大部分用于国营、乡镇企业的改建,取得了巨大效益。这是新中国成立后第一次大规模的国有资产转移、改造,对于当前防止国企改制、资本重组过程中的资产流失,发挥企业最大效益,提供了有益的借鉴。     

《小三线建设研究论丛》出版发行

正由上海大学历史系徐有威教授和中国社会科学院当代中国研究所陈东林研究员主编的《小三线建设研究论丛》(第一辑)2015年12月由上海大学出版社出版,全书49.5万字。小三线建设系20世纪60~80年代全国三线建设的一个重要组成部分,分布在全国一线、二线(沿海沿边)28个省区市的腹地,依靠地方自筹资金,以战备为中心、以地方军工和工业交通设施为主的全国性经济建设战略。在1985年的鼎盛时期拥有229家企事业单位,职工人数达     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.