Qualified Toleration: Bermuda and the English Revolution

Central to both the causes and development of the English revolution was the demand for reformation of the Church of England. The question of what shape this reform should take, however, divided English men and women. Debates over the further reformation of the Church of England were also complicated by the emergence of increasingly vocal and powerfully‐placed calls for freedom of religion, ranging from a limited toleration for a certain few to a broader liberty of conscience for all. This article looks at the debate surrounding liberty of conscience during the English revolution in 1644–5, but from a fresh angle: examining the context and rationale for the parliamentary ordered religious settlement of the English Atlantic colony of Bermuda in October of 1645. Integrating the fortunes of this Atlantic colony into the history of the English revolution reconfigures our understanding and analysis of revolutionary religion and politics.     

河南永城市芒砀山新莽墓地清理简报

永城市境内的芒砀山区,是汉代梁国王陵墓地.有两汉时期的大、中、小型墓千余座.这次在芒砀山主峰东侧发现了属于新莽时期的墓群,时代特征较为明显.男左女右的葬制有别于两汉.钱币用丝绸穿系并包裹,以及椁内用白灰槽,铺草木灰的方法都有其特点,是很有价值的考古资料.     

辛亥革命与民族主义

辛亥革命的民族主义,是认同血缘的种族主义,不是一致对外的民族独立建国,而是排斥国内已经溶合了的少数民族.清朝的满汉矛盾,经二百多年的溶合,在文化上已成一体.鸦片战争以后,已形成中西对立,"满洲人"三字只表示一个特权阶层的存在.但在戊戌变法失败后,革命党人以"驱除鞑虏"为政纲,把政治革命变成种族革命,实是一种倒退,应重新评估其价值.     

韩国五四新文化运动思想研究--以陈独秀思想为主的考察

本文旨在帮助中国学者了解韩国学界对五四新文化运动的研究状况.韩国学者一般分三个时期来理解五四新文化运动思想:第一,新文化运动的黎明期;第二,新文化运动初期;第三,新文化运动展开期.他们根据每个时期不同的思想给予不同的评价.韩国学者为了更好地理解和评价每个时期的思想,使用了更详细的几个认识范畴:第一时期使用了反帝反封建运动、民族产业的发展与民众意识的成长以及对中国社会状况的认识;第二时期使用了进化论思想、民主主义与科学;第三时期使用了批判儒家思想、反对孔教运动和文学革命.一般而言,他们大多用儒教批判、孔教批判、偶像破坏论、进化论、民主主义思想和科学思想对五四新文化运动进行评价,这些评价可以给中国学者的研究提供新的视角.     

"革命领袖"何以形成——西方学者的三种方法论视角

西方“革命学”在学科分化和交叉发展的大背景下,对革命的起因、发展、结果以及革命浪潮的形成机制等问题进行了有益而全面的探讨,然而对于任何一场革命都必不可少的“革命领袖”的研究却相对薄弱。研究革命领袖的西方学者以心理学、心理史学和社会学三种理论方法来探讨促成革命领袖形成的各种要素。然而,他们关于革命领袖人物的研究基本上还是停留在依靠直觉把握和空泛想象的层次上,缺少经验分析以及建立在经验分析基础之上的全面的理论把握。     

革命的“病理学”——布林顿对“革命”的开拓性研究及其影响

布林顿的<革命的分析>是西方"革命学"(the study of revolution)中一部影响深远的著作.该书运用类似于"病理学"的自然科学方法对英、美、法、俄四国革命进行了深入的解剖和比较.布林顿认为旧制度的结构缺陷、知识分子忠诚的转移和统治阶级内部的分裂是这几场革命的共同原因;这几场革命都可以大致划分为旧制度的垮台、温和派统治时期、激进派统治时期和热月反动等四个阶段;革命的后果是政府效率的显著提高、财产的转移以及"成功革命传统"的形成.布林顿的理论对于后来的革命研究产生了深远的影响.     

20世纪初期革命精神的生成——以话语分析为径

民族精神的生成与培育,有赖于语言的承载与传播.20世纪初,革命上升为民族精神,一定意义上可视作中国现代性革命话语由渐到顿的变化过程.中国现代性革命话语既受儒家传统的影响,又吸收英语、日语中的现代性因素,到20世纪二三十年代,革命已由此前为人禁忌的词汇变为强势话语,由少数人的思想变为广大民众的精神追求.     

Reinhold Niebuhr and Richard John Neuhaus

Abstract

The passing of Richard John Neuhaus in 2009 elicited a wave of comparisons to the renowned public intellectual Reinhold Niebuhr. The two men share many interesting biographical similarities and intellectual continuities (to the chagrin of some liberal disciples of Niebuhr). Indeed, during one encounter between them, Niebuhr supposedly dubbed Neuhaus “the next Reinhold Niebuhr.” The comparisons between these two influential figures of twentieth century American life, however, may be less important than their differences. By way of introducing this special issue devoted to the lives and legacies of these two public theologians, this essay considers what contending interpretations of Niebuhr and Neuhaus tell us about religion and American public life in the twenty-first century.     

Religious themes in Central European postage stamps, 2006–2010

The countries of Central Europe present a suitable arena for studying the interplay of religion and nationalism. This study explores religious expressions of national identity through the issue of postage stamps, from 2006 to 2010, in seven Central European countries: Austria, Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. While the national societies in question exhibit very different religious inclinations, as expressed through a variety of recent, comparable data, quantitative and qualitative analyses of the stamps they issued over a 5-year period enrich our understanding of the religious elements and traditions that form an integral part of Central European identities. As expected, states with higher relative numbers of religious adherents—Poland, Slovakia, and Austria—produce relatively more religiously themed stamps, particularly stamps that depict “living religion.” Protestant or Catholic traditions can also be traced in the relative frequencies of stamp issues. The stamps demonstrate how states employ religious traditions and heritage to perpetuate a sense of national community.     

What Is Religion?

Abstract

This essay considers the question: “What is religion and is it essentially violent?” Rather than answer the question directly, Martin suggests that it is a loaded question and reflects on what might motivate it. Through a comparison of the concepts of “religion” and “child abuse”–as analyzed in Ian Hacking’s work on social constructionism–Martin points to the social or political stakes of defining terms tied to normative discourses and which could be designed to pathologize certain behaviors.     

A peculiar pluralism

Abstract

In this article, we shall describe the complexity and differentiation that characterizes the state of religion in Italy, beginning with a concise reconstruction of the chief factors that characterize the relationship that Italians experience with their birth religion or the prevailing religion (Catholicism). We shall then describe the level of ethical and religious pluralism (found both within the Catholic universe and, especially, outside of that universe) that Italian society is beginning to experience directly, in part because of the fact that other religious entities (both old and new) are become increasingly visible in the public sphere, adding color and identity to the symphony of voices attempting to speak publicly in religious terms. In conclusion, we shall explore a phenomenon, popular religion, which continues to show extraordinary vitality. The basic hypothesis that we intend to set forth is based on the idea that ordinary Italians consider themselves Catholic but have a variety of different ways of interpreting their practical involvement with the Catholic Church.     

辛亥革命与中国共产党的成立

中国共产党的诞生,是近现代中国历史发展的必然产物,是中国人民在救亡图存斗争中顽强求索的必然产物。这种必然性,内在地反映了中国共产党的成立这一“开天辟地大事变”与辛亥革命这一“开启了中国前所未有的社会变革”间的关系。辛亥革命为中国共产党的成立准备了条件,即从一定意义上讲,它为中国共产党的成立奠定了阶级基础、思想基础、组织基础与政治基础。     

“Madam,you ought to be the man such times as these”: gendered confrontations and the Runaway Scrape

This article examines the power dynamics between men and women during the “Runaway Scrape.” During this chapter of the Texas Revolution, the situation looked bleak for the Texas army as they withdrew towards the Louisiana border to avoid the Mexican onslaught. Women, slaves, and the men not engaged in battle joined the retreat. This study focuses on the gendered contestations between those fleeing the attack. Women often found themselves challenging the authority, decision-making, character, and even manliness of their male counterparts; some casting aspersions on the masculinity of a wide array of historical actors, ranging from deserters to government and military officials.     

民族、宗教与20世纪爱尔兰问题

北爱尔兰的民族问题是英国殖民时代留下的遗产。由于历史的原因,爱尔兰两个民族在20世纪爆发了激烈的冲突。其巨大的宗教、化差异,加上英国在爱尔兰问题上的高压政策,使得爱尔兰问题长期得不到解决。