晚清与民国早期的美国政府和西藏问题（英文）

<正>As far as China-US relations are concerned,the Tibet issue is one of those that appeared only in the past 100 years.It has never been an essential one in ChinaUS relations.However,from the day that the People’s Republic of China(PRC)was established,the Tibet issue turned out to be a long-term factor which has exerted an     

The United States Government and the Issue of Tibet during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

As far as China-US relations are concerned,the Tibet issue is one of those that appeared only in the past 100 years.It has never been an essential one in China-US relations.However,from the day that the People's Republic of China (PRC) was established,the Tibet issue turned out to be a long-term factor which has exerted an influence on the relations between the two countries over an extended period of time.     

Iodel of Library Training Prograrm at the Tibet Library

Librarianship in Tibet has changed gradually through the years. Its development has been closely tied to the movement of history, economics, and culture in Tibet. There are many issues that have become obstacles in the development of Tibetan libraries. Foremost among these issues is the shortage of professionally trained librarians. This paper discusses the history of Tibetan libraries, and explores the situation of the library and information science （LIS） profession in Tibet. Finally, through analysis of current situations and problems, this paper discusses a model of a library training program at the Tibet library to provide variety and appropriate continuing education for librarians in Tibet.     

Songs Wafted From the Tea-Horse Trade Route(Ⅰ)

A small passage cutting through Hendu-an Mountains and the Himalayas in southwest China has been bustling with shuttling traders driving caravans of fully loaded beasts of burden for a millennium. Unlike the Silk Route that is known to all in the world, this route hidden away in high mountains and skirted by flowing streams is almost unknown to the outside world. Such a situation lasted until the 1990s when a number of young scholars surveyed its darkened byways and named it the Tea-Horse     

Comparative Study on Tibetan-style gLing-kas and Hart-style Gardens

In our contemporary world, ecology-oriented research is especially prevalent among scholars. Horticultural research attracts more and more attention. This shows that people become concerned about their life style and begin to focus on the relation between man and nature. China has achieved impressive results in describing its own art of gardening zand made a considerable contribution to world gardening and life style choices. However, up until now, we have found that summaries concerning the characteristics of Chinese-style gardening are incomplete in that Tibetanstyle gLing-kas, with unique style and primitive content, have been ignored. Previous accounts related to the characteristics of the art of Chinese-style gardens are merely concerned about the characteristics of＂Han-style gardens.＂ The harmonious life-style between man and nature established by Tibetans through gLing-kas has not yet been widely recognized. Two centuries ago, world research into China and China＇s Tibet had a limited focus. We cannot deny that their research was extremely extensive.     

A Trip to Lhasa River(I)

The Lhasa River originates from Nyangqentanglha Mountain on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.It is 551 km long and is one of the five major tributaries of the Yarlung Zangbo.For many years,the average diametric flow volume has been 6 billon cubic meters,which is about one-eighth of that of the second largest river in China,the Yelow River.The drainage area is nearly 30,000 square km.The Lhasa River is the Mother River of the Tibetans,which witnessed the changes of ancient Tibetan culture.The drainage area of the Lhasa River serves as the center of politics,economy,culture,transportation and religion in the whole Tibet, as well as the significant part of three-river area(the Yarlung Zangbo River,the Lhasa River and the Nyang Qu River)that Tibetan government attaches importance to the development there.     

A Trip to Lhasa River （Ⅰ）

The Lhasa River originates from Nyangqentanglha Mountain on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is 551 km long and is one of the five major tributaries of the Yarlung Zangbo. For many years, the average diametric flow volume has been 6 billion cubic meters, which is about one-eighth of that of the second largest river in China, the Yellow River. The drainage area is nearly 30,000 square km. The Lhasa River is the Mother River of the Tibetans, which witnessed the changes of ancient Tibetan culture. The drainage area of the Lhasa River serves as the center of politics, economy, culture, transportation and religion in the whole Tibet,as well as the significant part of three-river area （the Yarlung Zangbo River, the Lhasa River and the Nyang Qu River） that Tibetan government attaches importance to the development there.     

Li, Feng and David Prager Branner,eds., Writing and Literacy in Early China: Studies from the Columbia Early China Seminar

This welcome new collaborative volume tells a story that has not been investigated adequately:the rise and spread of literacy in ancient China.While there is a large bibliography of studies of the writing system itself,few scholars have addressed the question of literacy,that is,how writing was used in society,how people were taught to read and write,and how the practice advanced both geographically from the center to the periphery,and socially from the elite to what one of the contributors calls "the lower orders." Feng Li and David Prager Brarmer are to be applauded for bringing together eleven engrossing articles representing the finest scholarship in English and immensely clarifying these crucial phenomena.Constraints of space preclude consideration of each chapter in this long and carefully annotated book;1 in what follows,I shall attempt to sketch what the book accomplishes and the evidence on which it relies.     

西藏复工复产掠影（英文）

正Spring is a time of renewal.As the spread of the COVID-19 has been largely contained in China,the country is back on track in an orderly manner.In the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR),a series of measures for reopening have been introduced to resume normalproduction and life while ensuring the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus epidemic.As the natural     

Chen Yao-huang,Integrate and Divide： The Communist Revolution in Hebei Area, 1921-1949 （in Chinese）

For decades, the victory of the Chinese Communist Party （CCP） has been fascinating historians of modem China who work outside of the People＇s Republic of China. After recognizing the complexity of the Chinese Revolution, they have tended to focus on specific regions, applying the approaches of a variety of disciplines including sociology, a trend that gave rise to the field of ＂base area studies,＂ marked by the publishing of Mark Sheldon＇s The Yenan Way in 1971. This new book by Chen Yao-huang is another remarkable contribution to the study of base areas.     

On Younghusband, the Last Great Imperial Adventurer by Patrick French

For years,I have been longing to write a reactionto the book entitled Younghusband,the Last GreatImperial Adventurer.Patrick French,the author of this book,is not aTibetologist but in 1994,Harper Collins published hisbook Younghusband,the Last Great ImperialAdventurer.Soon after that,two different Chinesetranslations came out-both in China and overseas(Zheng Minghua is the translator of the former,veryslightly abridged into one volume,and XinjiangPeople's Publishing House,2000,Urumqi).In 1999,Marco Polo Cultural Career Stock Ltd.published thesecond version in two volumes.     

论蒙古鹿石的年代及相关问题

The Deer Stone is an important cultural remain which is scattered a lot in Mongolia, Mainly in the west and northwest areas. It is also found in the Eurasian grasslands but very little in quantity. as for its age, there exist many different views for a long time. Actually the Deer stone displays a way of personification of stone statue, so we usually can find carved weapons and tools on the waist of it. Nevertheless, we can deduce the age according to these carvings. Archaeological discoveries in the northern-grasslands of China show that the carvings on Deer stone are all the typical vessels that were very popular in the late Shang period. Such as the beast-headed or bell-headed short sword with curved handle, the beast-headed sword with upright blade dagger, the ring-headed or double ring-headed short sword, the mushroom-headed short sword, the tub-shaped htchet, the arrow-shaped vessels and etc. Thus lead us to the conclustion that most of the Deer Stones must be of the late Bronze Age(11-7BC).As for the Deer stone culture‘s Similarity in some aspects to that of cultures like Lijiaya, Weiyingzi, third phase of Weifang culture or Xiajiadian culture in the north parts of China, that reflects the northern grasslands bronze culture of China left a strong influence on the cultures of Mongolia.     

＂Bankers Are Stingy？＂ Re-Examining Stock Exchanges and Public Debt in Prewar Shanghai （1920s-1930s）

This review article surveys new studies of China＇s economy in the early twentieth century that have been published in both China and the West. It analyses the nuances that we find in these recently published studies and how those might improve our conventional understanding of the era, with particular emphasis on the link between fiscal revenue and stock-exchanges. First, a detailed introduction treats the evolution, beginning in the nineteenth century, of Shanghai＇s segmented stock exchanges in the context of wider global currents. Section two reprises the still common notion that heavy domestic borrowing by the Nationalist （Kuornintang, or GMD） government in the 1920s-1930s forestalled industrialization. Section three discusses at length the degree to which Chinese banks in that period may be seen as merely a GMD conduit of borrowing. Chinese banks were probably more conducive to Shanghai＇s industrialization than is usually acknowledged, and they also played a key role in stabilizing China＇s monetary environment well beyond their perceived focus on managing public debt. But more evidence needs to come to light, and this article sets out the areas in which future research might advance our knowledge. The conclusion will underscore how the various findings of scholars might, as a whole, remould current conceptions.     

A Golden Bridge (Ⅰ)——Construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

The world knows China is building a railway from Qinghai to Tibet, a project that began in the early days of this new century. The Tibetans hail it as a golden bridge. How much progress has been made in this regard? Beginning with this issue, we will devote some space to this subject.     

Koh, Khee Heong, A Northern Alternative: Xue Xuan (1389-1464) and the Hedong School

How did a Neo-Confucian scholar who built no academies,who actually discouraged interested students from studying with him,and whose followers did not have a strong sense of group identity become the first scholar enshrined in the Ming dynasty's imperial Confucius Temple? This is the question that Khee Heong Koh seeks to answer in writing this masterful study of the Ming Neo-Confucian master Xue Xuan.After all,admission into that temple's rolls was a rare honor,one carefully controlled by every imperial court.Only four men were enshrined over the entire Ming dynasty,and Xue is interesting not only because he was the first to be enshrined,but also because he was the only one of the four from northern China.Koh provides us with a detailed picture of this heretofore largely forgotten scholar-official and how he came to be thus enshrined.But this is not simply a biographical study;Koh also problematizes the monolithic understanding of Ming China as having been completely captivated by the Wang Yangming School of Neo-Confucianism.     

A College Student's Rural Journey: Early Sociology and Anthropology in China Seen through Fieldwork on Sichuan's Secret Society

This paper focuses on the investigators of rural society in the Republican period,specifically research made through fieldwork on the Gowned Brothers (or,Paoge) in 1940s Sichuan.It takes up one such investigator,Shen Baoyuan—a student at Yenching University;her youthful work never became published or recognized.The present study reveals how the pioneers of Chinese sociology and anthropology,who called themselves "rural activists," tried to understand rural China.It argues that the developments in those fields in China of the 1920s and 1940s made it possible for us today to have a better understanding of the contemporary rural problems.The investigators played an important role in the Rural Construction and Rural Education Movements in Republican China.They show us how Western sociology and anthropology were localized in order to answer "Chinese questions" and to solve "Chinese problems." As source material,these investigations have given us rich records,which in turn have become precious sources and historical memories of rural China's past.     

New Books

Outline of Tibetan Historical and Intellectual Theory In producing his book of seven chapters, the author Wang Pu sums up his study by finding that Tibetan historiography did not have any ＂precepts＂ in the compilation of Tibetan history over generations. This is because the motivation behind writing history, from the perspective of Tibetan historians, is neither the seeking of a professional position nor concerning employment, but rather the responsibility of inheriting a culture and obtaining happiness by sharing knowledge. The Tibetan historical and intellectual ideology has been formed by a rich and apparent Buddhist tradition with contemporary characteristics in the expression of each individual historian. The book is priced at 28 Yuan and published by China Social Sciences Publishing House.     

Tibet： A Tibetan Chinese View

Global opinion on and perception of Tibetan attitudes and affairs have been heavily shaped by one group of Tibetans, namely the Dalai Lama and his fellow exiles. They have done so on the claim that they speak for all sixplus million Tibetans, overseas as well as in China. On this claim they also seek autonomy of a so-called Greater Tibet from Beijing, which is the latest demand in their talks with Beijing. The adeptness with which the exiles use the English language and western political vocabulary, in particular, has greatly facilitated their presentation of those myths for the westem audience.     

传统女红艺术现代化的先行者——沈寿与她的《雪宦绣谱》

Shen Shou is living modern times setes up revolutionary art of girl modern times education. and self wards off the way. and is the first to do to pay attention to the west in the painting that glossy image is light and shade and the viewpoint that copyd in the realistic writing, the transformation is thawed embroidery in the centre of, smashs China copys in a few thousand the embroidery tradition, morcover by means of the combination against the modern times industry maneuver,the effect coming into being causes this traditional technology advance up the hitherto unknown fresh field of vision.     

凉山彝族的漆作工艺

Lacquer ware is the invention of China and still be used and produced in civilian life. That made from area of Mountain Liang is most characterized with ancientness and simplicity. The author has thrice been there to investigate the social history and art of lacquer. This passage introduces the procedure of making lacquer wares in detail, which is believed to be of great value to the research of the social culture.