Bridging the old and new worlds

Chester S. Chard. Northeast Asia In Prehistory. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1974. xvi + 214 pp. Tables, illustrations, maps, chapter bibliographies, and index. $12.50 (cloth).     

20世纪前半期新旧史学关系论争的综述

20世纪前半期关于新旧史学关系的探讨,参与学者人数之多,学术观点之复杂,在整个中国近代史学史上都是罕见的.本文对这场学术探讨进行了系统的梳理和评论,认为它在社会思潮、学术风气的演变以及近代史学学科逐渐完善的客观需求等因素的影响下,呈现了阶段性发展的特点.     

Algonquians and Algonquianists: A new old tradition

Cowan, William, ed. Actes du Quatorzième Congrès des Algonquinistes. Ottawa: Carleton University. 1983. ix + 396 pp. including maps, photographs, and chapter references. $15.00 paper.     

老人与鹤

正内蒙古扎鲁特草原的生态危机,致使原本生活于此的动物们食物短缺,无家可归。为了生存,野生动物不得不放弃原野所赋予的自由,寻求人类所给予的最后保护。《老人与鹤》这组图片,记录了2016年蒙古族老人舍楞喂养两只小蓑羽鹤并放飞的生活片断。这个故事,只是草原兴衰变化过程中的一个插曲:有人性光辉的高音,有弱小生命无助的低音,有涓涓如细流的节奏,还有让人欲说还休的休止符。     

Industrial policy in the EU: old dilemmas and new options

Industrial policy is highly controversial. Supporters claim it is necessary to address market failures. Critics argue that the danger of government failure is often higher and that such failure may lead to greater welfare loss. The EU justifies its industrial policy by pointing to the existence of transnational problems and to its unique ability to counter them. The EU has the capacity to coordinate national policies, to reduce redundancies, to control and limit national subsidies to industry. It also has a mandate for managing EU foreign trade and competition policy. There are five major industrial policy arenas. Technology policy has been relatively successful in certain fields like telecommunications or traffic‐control systems. In other fields, such as micro‐electronics and computers, the results have been mixed at best. Regional policy has had a limited developmental impact. On foreign‐trade policy, anti‐dumping measures have largely been a failure, though they have stimulated Japanese direct investment. A division of labour between the EU Commission and national, regional and local governments should be advanced with a view to formulating and implementing industrial policy. The regional and local levels should formulate policies aimed at strengthening specialized factors. The EU should concentrate primarily on fostering and shaping new lines of technological development and managing capacity reduction in declining industries.     

Results of the new and old Umkehr algorithm compared with ozone soundings

Vertical ozone distributions from regular Umkehr observations at Arosa, Switzerland, from 1956 to 1990 retrieved with the newly developed algorithm of mateer and Deluisi (1992, J. atmos. terr. Phys. 54, 537), using Bass-Paur absorption coefficients and described in this issue, are compared with the corresponding results obtained with the old routine [Mateer and Duetsch (1964), NCAR, Boulder, Colorado, Part I, 105 pp.], officially in use at the World Ozone Data Center at Toronto. For the period 1967–1989 they are also compared with the sounding data obtained at Payerne, Switzerland with the Brewer-Mast electrochemical instrument.The annual mean values calculated from Umkehr observations increased, using the new algorithm, in layer 4 and to a lesser extent in layers 3 and 1. They decreased strongly in layer 2 and also 6 and became smaller, too, in layers 7 and 8. The new Umkehr yields annual mean values which are much closer to the sounding results than those of the old routine. The seasonal variation shows somewhat larger differences. There are big discrepancies between the trends obtained from both Umkehr algorithms and those calculated from the soundings in the region of the ozone maximum and in the troposphere. The former discrepancies may be due to the changes in the relation between total ozone and vertical distribution which occurred during the past 20 years and which are not taken into account in the definition of the a priori profiles in the new routine. It seems that useful trends can only be obtained in layer 6 and above using Umkehr observations.     

The European policy of the Jospin government: A new twist to old French games

This article presents a constructivist-inspired analysis of the Jospin government's European policy, understanding most policy developments during this period as variations on well-established French preferences—rooted in a modified Gaullist paradigm—embedded in French state identity. The variations reflect external political and economic pressures. By June 1997, the potential contradiction between perceptions of European integration as an extension of French state identity and the actual constraints imposed by integration was never greater, due to the reinforced constraints imposed by the operation of the Single European Market (SEM) and Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), in additional to the rise of German unilateralism and the need for European Union (EU) institutional and policy reforms made necessary by the approaching enlargement of the EU eastwards and the increased pressure on the Jospin government to reconceptualise an end-goal to European integration.     

Things Japanese: Something old,something new

Bernstein, Gail Lee. Haruko's World: A Japanese Farm Woman and Her Community. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1983. xvii + 199 pp. including maps, photographs. $15.00 cloth.

Lebra, Takie Sugiyama. Japanese Women: Constraint and Fulfillment. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1984. xi + 315 pp. including notes, references, glossary, index. $18.95 cloth.

Smith, Robert J. Japanese Society: Tradition, Self and the Social Order. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. xii + 176 pp. including notes, bibliography, author ₍and subject indices. $19.95 cloth.

Smith, Robert J., and Ella Lury Wiswell. The Women of Suye Mura. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982. xxxvii + 293 pp. including maps, photographs, glossary, index. $7.50 paper.     

Nationalist policy-making and crony capitalism in the Maghreb: the old economics hinders the new

Twenty years on from the Arab Maghreb Union (UMA)'s creation, the European Community, which encouraged the move, has long evolved into the European Union, including old eastern European members which two decades ago seemed to be behind many UMA members in their potential to suck in Financial Direct Investment. While North African economies have continued to make significant progress, their structures and practices have not evolved nearly as quickly as seemed likely two decades ago. This article focuses on the political economy aspects of North Africa's perceived problems of drawing in investment and promoting regional integration: the domestic politics of the Euro-Med's Maghrebi partners, not only in the sense that 'nationalist' policy-making has a major impact on economic outcomes but also in the prevalence of crony capitalism across the region.